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*Cloud Computing*

1] Introduction to Cloud
Q-1] What is Cloud Computing?
Q-2] Explain Vision and History of cloud computing.
Q-3] What is Virtualization and its Types.
Q-4] What is Cloud Migration and Benefits.

2] Cloud Computing Architecture

Q-1] Explain Architecture of Cloud Computing.
Q-2] Cloud Computing Reference model.
Q-3] Explain Types of Cloud Deployments.
Q-4] Explain Challenges for Cloud Computing.
Q-5] Explain Cloud Interoperability and Scalability and Fault Tolerance.
Q-6] Explain Web Application design for cloud computing.
Q-7] Explain Security in Cloud Computing.

3] Defining the Cloud for Enterprise

Q-1] Explain XaaS in detail.
Q-2] Explain Scaling a cloud infrastructure.
Q-3] Explain Disaster Recovery.

4] Aneka: Cloud Application Platform

Q-1] Explain Aneka framework architecture.
Q-2] Explain:

1] Fabric Services
2] Foundation Services
3] Application Services
Q-3] Explain Aneka SDK and Management Tools.
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5] Cloud Application
Q-1] Explain Application of cloud computing.
Q-2] What is AWS and its services.
Q-3] What is google App engine?
Q-4] What is Microsoft Azure.
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1] Introduction to Cloud

Q-1] What is Cloud Computing?

1] Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services including servers, storage,
databases, networking, software over the Internet.
OR
2] Cloud computing is the delivery of different services through the internet, Including
data storage, servers, databases, networking and software.
Cloud Providers:
• Amazon Web Services
• Microsoft Azure
• Google Cloud Platform
• Adobe
• IBM Cloud

Features of Cloud Computing:

• Availability of Resources
• On-demand Self-service
• Easy Maintenance
• Large Network Access
• Availability
• Low cost
• Security
• Pay as you go

Q-2] Explain Vision and History of cloud computing.

1] Cloud computing means storing and accessing the data.

2] The Vision of Cloud Computing as follows:
1) Cloud computing provides the facility to provision virtual hardware and runtime
environment.
2) These all things can be used as long as they are needed by the user.
3) The whole collection of computing system is transformed into collection of
utilities.
4) The long-term vision of a cloud computing is that IT services are traded as
utilities in an open market without technological and legal barriers.
5) The existence of such market will enable the automation of discovery process
and its integration into its existing software systems.
6) A cloud provider can also become a consumer of a competition service in order
to fulfil its promises to customers.
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History of Cloud Computing:

1) In 1950 the main frame and time sharing are born, introducing the concept of
shared computer resources.
2) During this time word cloud was not in use.
3) Cloud computing is invented by Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider.
4) In 1969 the first working prototype of ARPANET is launched.
5) In 1970 the word “Client-Server” come in to use.
6) In 1995, pictures of cloud are started showing in diagrams.
7) In 1999 the salesforce.com was launched, the first company to make enterprise
applications available from a website.
8) In 2003, web2.0 is born, which is characterized by rich multimedia. Now user can
generate content.
9) In 2006, Amazon launched Amazon Web Services (AWS).
10) In 2006, Google CEO Eric Schmidt uses the word “cloud” as an industry event.
11) In 2008, private cloud comes.
12) In 2010, hybrid cloud (private+public cloud) comes in to existence.
13) In 2012, Google launches google drive with free cloud storage.
14) Now cloud adoption is present, which makes cloud computing stronger.

Q-3] What is Virtualization and its Types.

1] Virtualization technology is one of the fundamental components of cloud computing.
2] Virtualization allows the creation of a secure, customizable, and isolated execution
environment for running applications.
3] Virtualization plays a fundamental role in efficiently delivering IaaS solutions for cloud
computing.
4] Virtualization provides virtual environment for storage, memory and networking.
For example, we can run Windows OS on top of a virtual machine
Types of Virtualizations:

1. Storage virtualization:
Storage virtualization is the pooling of physical storage from multiple storage
devices into what appears to be a single storage device.
2. Network virtualization:
Network virtualization refers to the management and monitoring of an entire
computer network as a single administrative entity from a single software-based
administrator’s console.
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3. Desktop virtualization:
Desktop virtualization is technology that users simulate a workstation load to
access a desktop from a connected device remotely or locally.
4. Application server virtualization:
Application server virtualization is a collection of application servers that provide
the same services as a single virtual application server.

Taxonomy of Virtualization Technique:

• Virtual machines are broadly classified into two types: System Virtual Machines and
Process Virtual Machines.
• The classification is based on their usage and degree of similarity to the linked
physical machine.

• A Process Virtual Machine, also known as an application virtual machine, operates

as a regular program within a host OS and supports a single process.
• A System Virtual Machine, such as VirtualBox, offers a full system platform that
allows the operation of a whole operating system.

• Virtual Machines are used to distribute system resources to software

• The actual software layer that allows virtualization is the Virtual Machine Monitor.

Characteristics of Virtualized Environment:

1] Increased Security 2] Managed Execution
3] Sharing 4] Portability
Advantages of virtualization:

1. Increased security
2. Managed execution
3. Portability

Virtualization technology examples:

1. Xen
2. VMware

Q-4] What is Cloud Migration and Benefits.

Cloud Migration:

1] Cloud migration is the procedure of transferring applications, data, and other

types of business components to any cloud computing platform.

2] There are several parts of cloud migration an organization can perform.

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Benefits of Cloud Migration:

1) Flexibility
2) Scalability
3) Productivity
4) Security
5) Profitability

Process of Cloud Migration:

1] Plan our migration

2] Select our cloud environment
3] Migrate our data and apps
4] Certify post move success
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2] Cloud Computing Architecture

Q-1] Explain Architecture of Cloud Computing.

Cloud computing architecture is a combination of service-oriented architecture and

eventdriven architecture.

Cloud computing architecture is divided into the following two parts –

1] Front End 2] Back End

Components of Cloud Computing Architecture

1] Client Infrastructure: Client Infrastructure is a Front-end component. It provides GUI to

interact with the cloud.

2] Application: The application may be any software or platform that a client wants to
access.

3] Service: 1] IaaS 2] PaaS 3] SaaS

4] Runtime Cloud: Execution and runtime environment

5] Infrastructure: It provides services on the host, application and network level.

6] Management: Management is used to manage components such as application, service

and storage.

7] Security 8] Internet
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Q-2] Cloud Computing Reference model.

The reference model for cloud computing is an abstract model that characterizes and
standardizes a cloud computing environment.

The Classification of Cloud computing services:

1] Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS):
1. IaaS stands for Infrastructure as a service.
2. IaaS is also known as Hardware as a service.
3. Infrastructure as service or IaaS is the basic layer in cloud computing model.
4. IaaS offers servers, network devices, database etc.
5. IaaS examples can be categorized in two categories
1. IaaS Management layer
b. IaaS Physical infrastructure
6. It allows customer to outsource their IT infrastructure such as servers, storage and
networking.
7. Customer access these resources on the internet using a pay-as-per use model.
IaaS Providers: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure
Common IaaS business scenarios:
• Website hosting
• Storage, backup and recovery
• Web apps
IaaS Services:
1] Backup and recovery 2] Services management
3] Storage
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2] Platform as a service (PaaS):

1. PaaS stands for platform as a service.
2. PaaS cloud computing platform is created for the programmer to develop, test, run
and manage application.
3. PaaS includes infrastructure and platform development tool to support the web
development life cycle.
4. PaaS provides a computing platform with a programming language execution
environment.
5. PaaS provide a development and deployment platform for running applications in
the cloud.
6. PaaS provides run time environments for the applications.

PaaS providers:
1] Google App Engine
2] Azure
PaaS scenarios:
Development framework

3] Software as a service:
1. SaaS stands for software as a service.
2. SaaS is also known as on-demand software.
3. It is a software in which the application is hosted by a cloud service provider.
4. Users can access this application with the help of internet connection and web
browser.
SaaS providers:
1] Microsoft office 365
2] google Apps
3] Salesforce
SaaS services:
1] Business services
2] document management
3] social networks
4] mail services
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4] Web 2.0
1] A web 2.0 is widely read-Write web
2] Web 2.0 is refers to websites and application 3] It allows people to
create, share and communicate
Example:
1] Web application
2] Social network Advantages:
1] ease of use
2] User friendly

Q-3] Explain Types of Cloud Deployments.

There are four different types of cloud:
1. Public clouds
2. Private clouds
3. Hybrid or heterogeneous clouds
4. Community clouds
1. Public clouds:
1. The cloud is open to the wider public.
2. In public cloud the services offered are made available to anyone, from anywhere,
and at any time through the Internet.
3. From a structural point of view, they are a distributed system.
4. In public clouds one or more data centres connected together.
5. Customer may require billing details to access the
offered services.
6. Small enterprises prefer public clouds due to its less
cost.
7. Customer can use on demand services.
8. Public cloud keeps monitoring of services used by
users to provide billing as per the uses.
9. Public clouds offer any kind of services like,
o IaaS by Amazon EC2 is a public cloud o
PaaS by Google App Engine is a public cloud
o SaaS by SalesForce.com is a public cloud
10. At the same time large quantity of users can access the public cloud.
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2. Private clouds:
1. The cloud is implemented within the private premises of an institution.
2. When customers privacy in important private clouds are preferable over public
clouds.
3. Instead of pay-as-you-go model as in public cloud,
there could be other scheme in private clouds.
4. In private cloud sensitive information’s are kept in
house.
5. Private cloud provides customer information
protection better than public clouds.
6. Private clouds can be implemented on more
heterogeneous hardware.
7. Data Synapse provides a flexible environment for
building private clouds on top of data canter’s.

3. Hybrid clouds:
1. Hybrid clouds are the combinations of private clouds
and public clouds.
2. Private clouds stand alone are sometimes not scalable
so here advantages of public clouds are taken.
3. When advantages of public clouds and private clouds
are taken together that known as hybrid clouds.
4. Hybrid clouds uses cloud bursting.

4. Community clouds:
1. Community clouds are distributed systems created by integrating the services of
different clouds to address the specific needs of an industry, a community, or a
business sector.
2. Sectors for community clouds are as follows:
1. Media industry
2. Healthcare industry
3. Energy industries
4. Public sector
3. Community clouds can provide a shared environment where services can facilitate
business-to-business collaboration.
4. Benefits of the community clouds:
1. Openness
2. Community
3. Scalable

Q-4] Explain Challenges for Cloud Computing.

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1] Security and Privacy:

1] Security and Privacy of information is the biggest challenge to cloud
computing.
2] Security and privacy issues can be overcome by employing encryption,
security hardware and security applications.
2] Portability:
1] This is another challenge to cloud computing.
2] There must not be vendor lock-in.
3] Interoperability:
It means the application on one platform should be able to incorporate services
from the other platforms.
4] Computing Performance:
Data intensive applications on cloud requires high network bandwidth.
5] Reliability and Availability:
It is necessary for cloud systems to be reliable and robust.

Q-5] Explain Cloud Interoperability and Scalability and Fault Tolerance.

1] Interoperability is the ability of two or more systems or applications to
exchange information and to mutually use the information that has been
exchanged.
2] Cloud interoperability refers to the ability of customers to use the same
management tools, server images and other software with a variety of cloud
computing providers and platforms.
1] Transport interoperability
2] Syntactic interoperability
3] Semantic interoperability
4] Data interoperability
5] Application interoperability
Scalability:
1] Cloud Scalability is the ability to scale on-demand the facilities and services as and when
they are required by the user.
2] The term is commonly used in the context of computer systems and networks.
Fault Tolerance:
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1] Cloud Fault Tolerance is tolerating the faults by the cloud that are done by mistake by the
user.
2] Fault tolerance is the ability of a system to continue functioning correctly even if an
unexpected error or an exceptional situation arises.
3] Fault tolerance is a key benefit of cloud computing.
• Replication: Fault-tolerant systems work on running multiple replicas for each
service.
• Redundancy: When a system part fails or goes downstate, it is important to have a
backup type system.

Q-6] Explain Web Application design for cloud computing.

Whether written in .NET, Ruby, Java, PHP, or anything else. web applications share
a similar general architecture and architecture makes or breaks an application in the cloud.

Q-7] Explain Security in Cloud Computing.

1] Data Security:
1] Data security has been incumbent on the cloud service providers.
2] Critical concepts for data security as follows:
1] Privacy Protection 2] Data Availability
3] Data Privacy 4] Encryption
2] Network Security:
1] Network security deals with protecting the computer network from any type of
unauthorized access.
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2] The important terminologies in network security are:

1] Access Control List 2] Virtual private network
3] Cryptography: Private and Public
3] Host Security:
Host security describes how your server is set up for the following tasks:
1] Preventing attacks

2] Minimizing the impact of a successful attack on the overall system

3] Responding to attacks when they occur
4] Compromise Response:
1] You should run on intrusion detection system; you should know very quickly if
and when an actual compromise occurs.
2] When you can detect a compromise you need to follow manual process.
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3] Defining the Clouds for Enterprise

Q-1] Explain XaaS in detail.

1] XaaS stands for Anything as a Service.
2] In this model of cloud computing products, tools and technologies are delivered to users
as a service over network.
Benefits of XaaS:
1] Cost effective
2] Scalability
Example of XaaS:
1] Storage as a Service:
1) Storage as a Service is the practice of using public cloud storage resources to store
your data.
2) Using STaaS is more cost efficient than building private storage infrastructure

3) Storage as a Service or STaaS is cloud storage that you rent from a Cloud Service
Provider.
4) You can respond to changing market conditions faster.

5) Some STaaS offerings can be rented based on quantity

6) SLAs help establish and reinforce conditions for using data storage, such as uptime
and read/write access speed.
Advantages:
1] Cost
2] Security
3] Automation
4] Sharing
5] Data protection

2] Database as a Service:
1) DBaaS stands for database as a service.
2) DBaaS also known as managed database service.
3) Database as a service is a cloud computing service that allows companies to use a
database without setting up physical hardware.
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4) DBaaS consist of database manager component, which controls database instance.

Example of cloud database:

1] Amazon relational database service
2] Google cloud SQL

3] mangoDB Advantages:
Benefits: 1] reduced management requirement
1] Cost savings 2] flexibility
2] Scalability

3] Process as a Service:
1) Business process as a service, or BPaaS, is a type of business process outsourcing
delivered based on a cloud services model.
2) BPaaS is connected to other services, including SaaS, PaaS and IaaS, and is fully
configurable.
3) BPaaS provides processes and technology.
4) This approach to operations greatly reduces total cost of ownership by providing an
on-demand solution. Benefits:
1] Product deliverability
2] Reduced cost.

4] Information as a service:
1] Information as a Service could be a service, which supplies Information.
2] Information as a Service is any combination of data technology and people's
activities.
Example: 1] Zip code
2] Payment Processing

5] Integration as a service:
1] Integration as a Service (IaaS) is a cloud-based delivery model that strives to
connect on-premise data with data located in cloud-based applications.
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2] This paradigm facilitates real-time exchange of data and programs among

enterprise-wide systems and trading partners.
Benefits including:

• Improved data availability

• Inter-application workflows

• Increased scope for process automation

• A more scalable architecture

6] Testing as a service:
In TaaS, testing is done by a service provider that specializes in simulating real-world
testing environments and finding bugs in the software product.
Types of TaaS:
1] Functional Testing
2] Performance Testing
3] Security Testing
Benefits:
1] Flexible
2] Cost

Q-2] Explain Scaling a cloud infrastructure.

1] Cloud scalability in cloud computing refers to increasing or decreasing IT

resources as needed to meet changing demand.

2] Data storage capacity, processing power, and networking can all be increased
by using existing cloud computing infrastructure.

3] Scaling can be done quickly and easily, usually without any disruption or
downtime.

Types of scaling:

o Vertical Scalability
o horizontal scalability
o diagonal scalability

1] Vertical Scaling:
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To understand vertical scaling, imagine a 20-story hotel. There are innumerable rooms
inside this hotel from where the guests keep coming and going. Often there are spaces
available, as not all rooms are filled at once. People can move easily as there is space for
them. As long as the capacity of this hotel is not exceeded, no problem. This is vertical scaling.

Advantages: Less power consumption, easy to manage

2] Horizontal Scaling:

Horizontal scaling is a bit different.

Horizontal scaling refers to adding more servers to your network, rather than simply
adding resources like with vertical scaling.

Advantages: Cost, Scalability

Q-3] Explain Disaster Recovery.

1] Disaster recovery is the process that goes into preparing for and recovering
from a disaster.
2] This disaster could take one of a number of forms, but they all end up in the
same result
There are three main categories of disaster that can affect businesses:

• Natural disasters: Natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes are rarer but not
infrequent.
• Technical disasters: Wrong with the cloud technology
• Human disasters: Accidents Benefits:
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1] Flexibility 2] cost 3] Faster recovery times

Risks of cloud disaster recovery:
1] Security 2] Recovery 3] Control Over data

4] Aneka: Cloud Application Platform

Q-1] Explain Aneka framework architecture.

1] Aneka is the product of Manjarasoft.
2] Aneka is used for developing, deploying and managing cloud applications.
3] Aneka includes set of APIs associated with programming models like MapReduce.
4] These APIs supports different types of cloud models like private, public, hybrid cloud.

Aneka framework:
1] Aneka is a software platform for developing cloud computing applications.
2] Aneka is a pure PaaS solution for cloud computing.
3] Aneka is a cloud middleware product.
4] Aneka can be deployed on a network of computers, multicore server etc
Aneka container can be classified into three categories:
1. Fabric Services
2. Foundation Services
3. Application Services
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Q-2] Explain:

1] Fabric Services:
1] Fabric services defines the lowest level of the software stack representing the Aneka
container.
2] They provide access to the resource-provisioning subsystem and to the monitoring
facilities implemented in Aneka.
1] Profiling and Monitoring:
1] Profiling and monitoring services are mostly exposed through the Heartbeat,
Monitoring and reporting services.
2] The Heartbeat service collects the dynamic performance information about the
node.
3] The first makes available the information that is collected through the PAL.
4] The data is collected by the index node of the cloud.
2] Resource Management:
1] Resource management is another fundamental feature of Aneka clouds.
2] It comprises several tasks: Resource membership, resource reservation, and
resource provisioning.

2] Foundation Services:
Foundation Services are related to the logical management of the distributed system.
Services as follows:
1] Storage Management:
1] Data management is an important aspect of any distributed
system, even in computing clouds.
2] Aneka offers two different facilities for storage management:
1] Centralized file storage 2] Distributed file storage
2] Accounting, Billing and Resource pricing:
1] Accounting services keep track of the status of applications in the Aneka
clouds. They collect the information.
2] Billing is another important feature of accounting.
3] Resource Reservation:
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1] Aneka’s resource reservation supports the execution of distributed

applications.
2] Resource reservation is built of two kinds of services: Resource reservation
and the allocation service.

3] Application Services:
Application Services manage the execution of applications.
There are two activities in application services:
1] Scheduling:
1] Scheduling services are in charge of planning the execution of
distributed applications on top of Aneka.
2] Task that are performed by scheduling component are the following:
1] Job to node mapping
2] Rescheduling of failed job
3] Job status monitoring 4] Application status monitoring
2] Execution:
1] Execution services control the execution of single Jobs that compose
applications.
2] They are in charge of setting up the runtime environment hosting the
execution of jobs.
3] Execution services constitute a more self-controlled unit with respect to the
corresponding scheduling services.

Q-3] Explain Aneka SDK and Management Tools.

1] Aneka’s Primary purpose is to provide a scalable middleware product in which to
execute distributed application.
2] Aneka provides APIs for developing application on top of existing programming
models.
3] The SDK provides support for both programming models and services by means of
the application model and the service model.

1] Application Model:
1] Aneka provides supports for distributed execution in the cloud with the
abstraction of programming models.
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2] The application models represent the minimum set of APIs.

3] Aneka specializes application into two categories:
1] Application whose tasks are generated by the user.
2] Application whose tasks are generated by the runtime infrastructure.
2] Service Model:
1] The Aneka service model defines the basic requirement to implement a service
that can be hosted in an Aneka cloud.
2] The container defines the runtime environment in which services are hosted.
Management Tools:
1] Infrastructure Management
2] Platform Management
3] Application Management
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5] Cloud Application

Q-1] Explain Application of Cloud Computing.

1] Scientific applications for cloud computing:
1] Healthcare: ECG analysis in the cloud
2] Biology: Protein structure prediction 3]
Geoscience: Satellite Image processing
2] Business and consumer application:
1] CRM and ERP
2] Dropbox
3] Google docs
3] Social Networking:
1] Facebook
2] WhatsApp
4] Media Application:
1] Video encoding
2] Animoto
5] Multiplayer Online Gaming

Q-2] What is Amazon Web Services?

1) AWS stands for Amazon Web Services.

2) AWS is a secure cloud service platform provided by Amazon.
3) The AWS uses distributed IT infrastructure to provide different IT resources
available on demand.
4) It provides different services such as infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a
service (PaaS) and software as a service (SaaS).

Features of AWS:
1) AWS is scalable because it has an ability to scale the computing resources.
2) AWS are cost-effective.
3) It provides various flexible storage options.
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4) It offers security services such as infrastructure security, data encryption etc.

AWS Architecture:

AWS provides services to customers. Pay-As-You-Go enables the customers to take

services from AWS.

o Computing o
Programming models o
Database storage o
Networking

AWS Services:

• Compute Storage
• Database
• Networking
• Management Tools
• Security

Q-3] What is Google App Engine?

1] Google App Engine is an example of Platform as a Service (PaaS).
2] Google App Engine provides a runtime-based Java and Python programming
language.
3] Applications in Google app engine stores data in Google Big Table.
4] Application in Google app engine uses Google query language.
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5] Google App Engine removed some system administration and developmental

tasks.

Google App Engine Architecture:

There are following reasons to use Google app engine:

1. Google app engine allows you to build web applications on the same stable and
extendable platform.
2. Google app engine gives facility to use and run applications in Google’s data
center.
3. Google app engine’s language Java and Python are easy to understand and
implement.
4. This platform is absolutely free.

Features of Google App Engine:

• Language support

• Flexibility

• Diagnostics

• Traffic splitting

• Security
Q-4] What is Microsoft Azure?
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1] Microsoft Azure is also known as Windows Azure.

2] It supports various operating systems, databases, programming languages,

frameworks that allow to build, deploy and manage applications through a
worldwide network.

3] It allows users to create different groups for related utilities.

Features of Microsoft Azure:

o Microsoft Azure provides scalable, flexible, and cost-effective. o It allows

developers to quickly manage applications and websites.
o It managed each resource individually.
o It offers a Content Delivery System for delivering the Images, videos, audios, and
applications.

Azure Services:

o Compute services: It includes the Microsoft Azure Cloud Services, Azure Website
and Azure Mobile Services. o Data services: This service is used to store data over
the cloud that can be scaled according to the requirements. o Application services: It
includes services, which help us to build and operate our application.
o Network services: It helps you to connect with the cloud and on-premises
infrastructure.