Tbbell Document 4975
Tbbell Document 4975
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Test Bank for Behavior in Organizations, 10/E 10th Edition Jerald Greenberg
1) Bill is trying to get his first shift workers to stay on the job an extra two hours in order to meet
a production volume goal, because a snow storm has delayed the arrival of second shift. Bill is
concerned about the issue of:
A) motivation.
B) equity.
C) expectancy.
D) needs hierarchy.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 214
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
3) When a manager is thinking about motivating people and is considering the choices available,
he/she is considering the element of ________ in motivation.
A) arousal
B) direction
C) maintenance
D) need
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 214
4) ________ describes the duration of motivation, how long people will persist in seeking to
meet their goals.
A) Arousal
B) Drive
C) Maintenance
D) Need
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 214
9) Skills such as the capacity to work independently, to innovate, and to persist at solving
difficult problems are important for:
A) factory workers.
B) call center operators.
C) research scientists.
D) department store cashiers.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 218
10) The process of determining specific levels of performance for workers to attain and then
striving to attain them is called:
A) self-actualization requirements.
B) performance feedback.
C) organizational mission.
D) goal setting.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 218
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11) Which theory suggests that people are motivated to attain goals because doing so makes
them feel successful?
A) Goal-settingtheory.
B) Social needs theory.
C) Self-efficacy theory.
D) Self-actualization theory.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 219
12) An individual's belief about having the capacity to perform a task is called:
A) goal commitment.
B) goal setting.
C) self-actualization.
D) self-efficacy.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 219
13) The degree to which people accept and strive to attain goals is:
A) self-actualization.
B) self-efficacy.
C) goal commitment.
D) goal setting.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 219
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16) When an engineer is asked to lead a sales team, the engineer has been assigned:
A) a change goal.
B) a professional development goal.
C) a vertical stretch goal.
D) a horizontal stretch goal.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
17) The motivational fit approach stipulates that motivation is based on the connection between
qualities of ________ and requirements of the ________.
A) individuals; supervisor
B) individuals; job
C) the job; supervisor
D) the job; organization
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 216
19) The motivational fit approach specifies two traits as important. These are:
A) achievement, emotion.
B) achievement, emotion control.
C) achievement, anxiety.
D) anxiety, emotion control.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 217
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21) According to goal setting theory, an assigned goal serves as a motivator because:
A) of the additional fear element present over the possibility of displeasing the boss.
B) it provides information about how well one is performing a task.
C) of the requirement of acceptance of the assigned goal as a personal goal.
D) it influences the individual's self-efficacy positively.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 219
24) Research has shown that people will work at the highest level when performance goals are:
A) general and easy to reach
B) specific and difficult, yet realistic
C) specific and exceptionally difficult
D) general and somewhat difficult
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221-222
25) Stretch goals, in which higher levels of current activities are aggressively pursued, are known
as:
A) horizontal stretch goals.
B) vertical stretch goals.
C) equity goals.
D) expectancy goals.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 222
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26) Stretch goals, in which managers perform tasks they have never done before are known as:
A) horizontal stretch goals.
B) vertical stretch goals.
C) equity goals.
D) expectancy goals.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 222
28) Research on feedback and goal setting has shown that job performance is:
A) enhanced more by feedback than by goal setting.
B) enhanced more by goal setting than by feedback.
C) enhanced most when feedback and goal setting are used together.
D) not affected by feedback when goal setting is used.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 223-224
30) According to equity theory, if Sam believes that the ratio of his outcomes/inputs is greater
than the ratio of Joe's outcomes/inputs, then Sam will:
A) experience guilt.
B) lower his inputs.
C) raise his outcomes.
D) experience anger.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 225
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
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31) According to equity theory, an underpaid person might do which of the following?
A) Ask for a raise
B) Steal from the company
C) Work less hard
D) All of these.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 226-227
32) Workers who perceive inequity but are unwilling to change their inputs may address the
problem by:
A) asking for a raise.
B) changing the way they think about the situation.
C) taking a second job to earn more money.
D) reducing their outcomes.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 227
33) Research on employees' actions to redress inequities on the job shows that:
A) they generally will not take behavioral action.
B) they may change their behavior, but not their thinking.
C) they may change their thinking, but not their behavior.
D) they will respond much as equity theory suggests.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 227
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36) Expectancy theory proposes that behavior is the result of ________.
A) expectancy
B) instrumentality
C) valence
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 230
37) In expectancy theory, ________ is the belief that high amounts of effort will lead to good
performance.
A) instrumentality
B) expectancy
C) valence
D) procedural justice
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 230
38) In expectancy theory, ________ is the belief that one’s performance will be rewarded.
A) instrumentality
B) expectancy
C) valence
D) procedural justice
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 230
39) If a worker believes that his/her effort will result in excellent performance, and that the
reward is one the worker values, but the worker does not expect that his/her performance will be
rewarded, expectancy theory proposes that the worker's motivation will be:
A) moderate.
B) high.
C) low.
D) zero.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 231
40) According to expectancy theory, ________ represent what employees believe is expected of
them on the job.
A) performance norms
B) role perceptions
C) departmental impressions
D) normative judgments
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 232
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41) In expectancy theory, ________ influence job performance.
A) role perceptions
B) skills and abilities
C) opportunities to perform
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 233
43) A company’s managers want to clearly link valued rewards to the job performances needed
to attain them. Which of the following will help them accomplish that purpose?
A) Let workers decide for themselves what they need to do to earn valued rewards.
B) Level the playing field so that everyone’s performance will be the same.
C) Implement a suggestion system so that employees can share their feelings.
D) Make absolutely clear what workers must do to obtain valued rewards.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 233
45) If a job is redesigned to include more tasks at the same level, but the skills needed to do the
job are neither changed nor increased, then that job has been ________.
A) vertically loaded
B) enriched
C) psychologically adjusted
D) horizontally loaded
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 236
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46) According to one research study, employees in a large financial services company who had
their jobs enlarged improved their performance:
A) and overall company performance improved.
B) but the rate of employee error increased a year later.
C) and job satisfaction remained unchanged.
D) but organizational commitment decreased.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 236
49) The job characteristics model expands on which element of job redesign?
A) Critical psychological states
B) Job enlargement
C) Job enrichment
D) Job expectancy
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 238
50) The extent to which a job requires doing different activities using several skills and talents is
known as:
A) task identity.
B) task significance.
C) autonomy.
D) skill variety.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 238
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51) The extent to which a job requires completing a whole piece of work from beginning to end
is known as:
A) task identity.
B) task significance.
C) autonomy.
D) skill variety.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 238
52) According to the job characteristics model, a worker’s knowledge of the actual results of
work activities is determined by:
A) task significance.
B) feedback.
C) autonomy.
D) skill variety.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 238
53) The degree of impact a job is believed to have on others is known as:
A) task identity.
B) task significance.
C) autonomy.
D) skill variety.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 238
54) Jessica is trying to increase the freedom and discretion that employees have in scheduling
and planning their work. Based on the job characteristics model, Jessica is trying to increase:
A) task significance.
B) autonomy.
C) task identity.
D) skill variety.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 238
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
55) The extent to which employees have the freedom and discretion to plan and schedule their
jobs as desired is known as:
A) task identity.
B) task significance.
C) autonomy.
D) skill variety.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 238
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56) The skill variety, task identity, and task significance together create the critical psychological
state of:
A) personal responsibility.
B) accountability.
C) experienced meaningfulness.
D) knowledge of results.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 238-239
57) Supervisors at the Johnson Corp. help introduce a work motivation program based on
providing continuous informal and formal feedback. This action addresses the critical
psychological state of:
A) personal responsibility.
B) accountability.
C) experienced meaningfulness.
D) knowledge of results.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 238-239
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
58) The job characteristics model is especially effective in describing the behavior of workers
who are high in:
A) self-actualization.
B) self-monitoring.
C) instrumentality.
D) growth-need strength.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 240
60) Establishing client relationships can enhance the core job dimension of:
A) autonomy.
B) skill variety.
C) task identity.
D) feedback.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 239
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61) The job characteristics model specifies all of the following principles EXCEPT:
A) combine tasks.
B) opening feedback channels.
C) establishing client relationships.
D) loading jobs horizontally.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 240-242
62) Fred provides his subordinates with information that lets them know how they are doing.
This is an example of:
A) combining tasks.
B) opening feedback channels.
C) establishing client relationships.
D) loading jobs vertically.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 240-242
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
63) Managers can increase employee motivation by giving them more responsibility and control.
This is done by:
A) loading jobs vertically.
B) enlarging jobs.
C) loading jobs horizontally.
D) increasing feedback and task significance.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 242
Table 7.1
Shue-Fan is surprised at the amount of motivational energy her recent “pep-talk” seems to have
created in her staff. They seem to be very concerned about making her happy and making a good
impression on her. As she ponders their reaction, she concludes that her emphasis on helping her
employees develop their potential is really paying off. An employee approaches her and asks if
their team could create a team T-shirt and wear it on casual dress day. Shue-Fan agrees. Finally,
Shue-Fan decides the company ought to do more to recognize employee accomplishments, so
she proposes a company-wide recognition/awards program.
64) Refer to Table 7.1. Shue-Fan is surprised by the motivational element of:
A) arousal.
B) direction.
C) maintenance.
D) performance.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 214
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
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Table 7.2
John is working on his department's annual plan. Employee performance has been okay and
commitment to his department's goals moderate. In the past John has asked his employees to do
their best. This year he is asking each employee to work with him in determining exactly what
that employee is going to accomplish this year. John wants his people to feel the goals are theirs,
to invest in their accomplishment. He wants them to believe that they can accomplish these
goals. He thinks he can help this whole process by meeting with each employee quarterly and
talking about where the department is and where the employee is in regards to goal
accomplishment.
65) Refer to Table 7.2. John's concern about his people's believing they can accomplish the goals
is a concern over:
A) goal commitment.
B) how goals are assigned.
C) the setting of difficult but acceptable goals.
D) how to provide feedback on goal attainment.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 219
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
66) Refer to Table 7.2. In the past what principle of goal setting did John violate?
A) Goal commitment
B) Assigning specific goals
C) Setting difficult but acceptable goals
D) Providing feedback on goal attainment
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 220
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
67) Refer to Table 7.2. John's new goal-setting plan is building on which goal-setting principle?
A) Goal commitment
B) Assigning specific goals
C) Setting difficult but acceptable goals
D) Providing feedback on goal attainment
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 221
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
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Table 7.3
Randy, Marvin, and Mary Virginia sell for Made-for-You. As they are having lunch together,
Randy discovers that he is receiving a higher commission rate than Marvin or Mary Virginia.
When he excuses himself, Marvin and Mary Virginia start talking about how Randy sells less
than they do, has higher expenses, and has less time with the company than they do. They are
doing a slow burn by the time Randy returns to the table.
68) Refer to Table 7.3. In this case it appears that Randy is in a state of:
A) equitable payment.
B) valence.
C) underpayment inequity.
D) overpayment inequity.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 225
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
69) Refer to Table 7.3. Mary Virginia, in comparison to Randy, may be in the state of:
A) equitable payment.
B) low instrumentality.
C) underpayment inequity.
D) overpayment inequity.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 225
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
70) Refer to Table 7.3. What is Randy's likely future behavior based on his discovery?
A) He'll work less hard seeing there is little connection between performance and pay in his
company.
B) He may adjust his thinking to the point of rationalizing why he should receive the higher pay.
C) He'll be angry.
D) He'll do nothing but collect his check.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 227
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
15
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Table 7.4
The production department is implementing a job design program. Alfonso has been given the
responsibility. Leading a team of managers and hourly employees, Alfonso is to come up with
the best way to implement the program. As techniques are discussed, it appears that the workers
are reluctant to accept management's push to give each employee more tasks to perform while
not increasing responsibility or the needed task skills. The hourly workers want more control
over their jobs and greater responsibilities. Alfonso explains they still need to determine what
elements need to be enriched for the program to work. He further explains that employees have
reported through an organizational survey that their first desire is to experience meaningfulness
in their jobs, and they don't really want increased responsibility and accountability, feeling it will
add too much stress to their jobs.
71) Refer to Table 7.4. The hourly workers are favoring what type of job design program?
A) Job enlargement
B) Vertical job loading
C) Job enrichment
D) Job characteristics model approach
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 237
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
72) Refer to Table 7.4. Management wants what type of job design program?
A) Job enlargement
B) Vertical job loading
C) Job enrichment
D) Job characteristics model approach
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 236
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
73) Refer to Table 7.4. Based on the employee survey, which job dimensions should the group
focus on enriching?
A) Autonomy
B) Task identity
C) Feedback
D) None of the above.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 238
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
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74) Refer to Table 7.4. Based on the employee survey, not the opinion of the employees on the
committee, which job dimensions should the group not enrich?
A) Skill variety
B) Task identity
C) Autonomy
D) All of the above.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 238
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
75) If individual arousal and direction are strong enough, the lack of a maintenance step in the
motivation process will not decrease individual motivation.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 214
76) In most situations, an individual who performs a task well can be considered to be highly
motivated.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 215
77) Susie is excessively apprehensive and nervous about most things in her life.We can say that
Susie is suffering from emotion control.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 217
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
78) Goal-setting theory argues that people are more committed to attaining a goal if they are
unsure of the outcome.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 219
79) Stretch goals, in which managers perform tasks they have never done before, are known as
horizontal stretch goals.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 222
80) Feedback to employees is very important in enhancing employee motivation for goal
attainment.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 223
81) In equity theory, inputs are what employees get out of their jobs in terms of financial and
nonfinancial rewards.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 225
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82) If an employee is overpaid, a likely reaction on his/her part, in terms of equity theory, will be
guilt.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 225
83) In terms of employee motivation and benefits to the company, it is better to overpay
employees than it is to underpay them.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 229
84) Generally speaking, a superior's pay should not be revealed to subordinates because
inequitable feelings may result.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 230
86) If employees believe that hard work will lead to good performance and that they will receive
low valence rewards according to their performance, then they will most likely feel highly
motivated.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 231
87) Expectancy theory does not acknowledge that role perceptions influence a worker’s
performance on the job.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 230
88) Generally speaking, the only types of rewards that motivate employees are monetary.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 233-235
89) The job enrichment process is said to increase a position's horizontal job loading.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 236
90) The degree of impact a job is believed to have on others is known as task identity.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 238
91) The extent to which a job requires completing a whole piece of work from beginning to end
is known as autonomy.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 238
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92) The extent to which a job requires doing different activities using several skills and talents is
known as skill variety.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 238
93) Growth need strength is the personality variable that describes the extent to which people
have a high need for personal growth and development on the job.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 240
94) A study in South Africa of the effects of using the Job Characteristics Model in job redesign
showed increased employee motivation, decreased absenteeism, but it had no effect on job
performance.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 240
95) When employers combine jobs enabling workers to perform the entire job they are enhancing
skill variety and task identity.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 241
96) Discuss the motivational traits that underlie the motivational fit approach.
Answer: There are two individual characteristics that underlie this approach. The first is
achievement that refers to peoples' interest in excelling at what they do and accomplishing
desired objectives. The second is anxiety, which is the tendency for someone to be excessively
apprehensive or nervous about things in everyday life.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 216
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
19
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98) What are the five core job dimensions identified by the job characteristics model?
Answer: Skill variety is the degree to which the job requires different activities requiring
different skills. Task identity is the extent to which a job requires completing a whole piece of
work, from beginning to end. Task significance is the degree of impact the job is believed to
have on others. Autonomy pertains to how free the employee is to plan, to schedule, and to carry
out the work as desired. Feedback pertains to whether the job allows people to receive
information about the effectiveness of their performance. hip can be assessed through a Job
Diagnosis Survey (JDS).
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 238-240
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
99) Describe the term motivation and its impact on job performance.
Answer: Motivation is the set of processes that arouse, direct, and maintain human behavior
toward a goal. It is different from arousal (the drive or energy behind action), direction (the
choices people make), or maintenance (the persistence of the behavior), which are elements of
motivation. Remember that motivation and job performance are not synonyms. Moreover,
motivation is multi-faceted; people have several different motives operating at one time.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 214-215
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
100) Describe the difference between overpayment inequity and underpayment inequity.
Answer: Overpayment inequity occurs when one's ratio of outcomes/inputs are higher than those
of another. Conversely, underpayment inequity occurs when one's ratio of outcomes/inputs are
lower than those of another.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 225-226
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
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Test Bank for Behavior in Organizations, 10/E 10th Edition Jerald Greenberg
103) Describe job enrichment and job enlargement, and present their implications for managers.
Answer: Job enlargement involves increasing the number of tasks at the same level. It is also
known as horizontal job loading. Employees performing enlarged jobs can experience higher
levels of satisfaction and lower levels of boredom. Research has shown, however, that although
job enlargement may help improve job performance, its effects may be short-lived. Job
enrichment involves increasing the number of higher-level tasks, or vertical job loading. The
idea underlying the enrichment of jobs is that by making the jobs more interesting, workers will
be more highly motivated to perform them. Even though evidence suggests that job enrichment
programs generally have been successful, a couple of factors have limited their popularity. First,
they are difficult to implement. Redesigning existing facilities to accommodate enriched jobs can
be prohibitively expensive; and redesigning the technology needed to perform certain jobs may
not be practical. Second, employee acceptance is not guaranteed. While many workers may want
the additional responsibility associated with performing enriched jobs, others will prefer to avoid
it (especially those who are low in achievement motivation).
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 236-237
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
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(Odaviszik a fiatal embert, a hova nem várta. Hogy mi következik ily odavetett
kérdésből: ön erdélyi? az csak a könyv végén derül ki.)
(Aláirás egy tánczvigalomra, mely létre sem jő; a nagy világ hiú szédelgéseibe
merült uracsot megemlékeztetik a csendes, egyszerű s boldog otthonra.)