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ISOMERISM by Simply Concise

The document discusses different types of isomerism in coordination compounds including structural isomerism, stereoisomerism, geometric isomerism, and optical isomerism. Structural isomerism includes ionization, hydration, linkage, and coordination isomerism. Stereoisomerism includes geometric and optical isomerism. Geometric isomerism results from different arrangements of ligands around a central metal ion. Optical isomerism produces non-superimposable mirror images.

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40 views

ISOMERISM by Simply Concise

The document discusses different types of isomerism in coordination compounds including structural isomerism, stereoisomerism, geometric isomerism, and optical isomerism. Structural isomerism includes ionization, hydration, linkage, and coordination isomerism. Stereoisomerism includes geometric and optical isomerism. Geometric isomerism results from different arrangements of ligands around a central metal ion. Optical isomerism produces non-superimposable mirror images.

Uploaded by

rahuldolai24
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COORDINATION

COMPOUNDS
isomerism theories
basics &
nomenclature
ISOMERISM
same formula - diff. arrangements

Structural
SIMPLY CONCISE
Isomerism Isomerism
Stereo

same formula same formula


diff. bonds same bonds
diff. arrangements
STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM
1) Ionization Isomerism - arises when the counter ion in a complex
salt is itself a potential ligand and can displace a ligand which can
then become the counter ion.
[Co(NH₃)₅Br]SO₄ [Co(NH₃)₅Br]²⁺ + SO₄²⁻

SIMPLY CONCISE
[Co(NH₃)₅SO₄]Br [Co(NH₃)₅SO₄]⁺ + Br⁻

2) Hydration Isomerism - isomers differ by whether or not a water


molecule is directly bonded to the metal ion or merely present as
free solvent molecules.
[Cr(H₂O)₆]Cl₃ & [Cr(H₂O)₅Cl]Cl₂.H₂O
STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM
3) Linkage Isomerism - arises in a coordination compound
containing ambidentate ligand.
[Co(NH₃)₅NO₂]Cl₂ & [Co(NH₃)₅ONO]Cl₂

SIMPLY CONCISE
4) Coordination isomerism - arises from the interchange of ligands
between cationic and anionic entities of different metal ions
present in a complex.
[Co(NH₃)₆][Cr(CN)₆] & [Cr(NH₃)₆][Co(CN)₆]
STEREOISOMERISM
1) Geometric Isomerism - arises in heteroleptic complexes due to
different possible geometric arrangements of the ligands.

CN - 2 & 3 => No GI
CN - 4 -> tetrahedral => No GI

SIMPLY CONCISE
square planar => various cases
Ma₄ => No GI
Ma₃b => No GI
Ma₂b₂ => 2 GIs Mabcd => 3 GIs M(ab)₂ => 2 GIs
a b b a a b a b a d a a a b

M M M M M M M
a b a b d c c d c b b b b a
cis trans trans cis cis cis trans
(named wrt a & c)
STEREOISOMERISM
1) Geometric Isomerism - arises in heteroleptic complexes due to
different possible geometric arrangements of the ligands.

CN - 6 => various cases


Ma₆ => No GI
Ma₅b => No GI
Ma₄b₂ => 2 GIs SIMPLY CONCISE
Ma₄bc => 2 GIs Ma₃b₃ => 2 GIs
b a b a b a
a a a b a a a b b a a b
M M M M M M
a a a b a a a c a a a b
b a c a b b
trans cis trans cis mer fac

Ma₂b₂c₂ => 5 GIs Mabcdef => 15 GIs


STEREOISOMERISM
2) Optical isomerism - isomers that exists as non superimposable
mirror images of each other.

b b no sym. a a plane of sym.


∴ ∴
SIMPLY CONCISE
2 OI same
M M M M
a b b a a b b a
a a a a
dextro laevo

a a no sym. b b plane of sym.


a
M
a a
M
a
∴ 2 OI
b
M
a a
M
b
∴ same
a a a a a a a a
a a b b
dextro laevo
ANSWER IN COMMENT
Q1) Which of the following has optical isomers:
a) [Co(H₂O)₄(en)]³⁺ b) [Co(en)₂(NH₃)₂]³⁺
c) [Co(NH₃)₃Cl]⁺ d) [Co((en)NH₃)₂]²⁺

SIMPLY CONCISE
Q2) These two are : identical / GI / OI

a en
a
en M en M
a
a en

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