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Secondary Memory

The document discusses different types of secondary memory storage devices including magnetic tape, magnetic disks, optical disks, and flash memory. Magnetic disks are further broken down into floppy disks, hard disks, and solid state hybrid drives. The document also compares SSDs to HDDs and provides details on characteristics like speed, reliability, and form factors.

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31 views8 pages

Secondary Memory

The document discusses different types of secondary memory storage devices including magnetic tape, magnetic disks, optical disks, and flash memory. Magnetic disks are further broken down into floppy disks, hard disks, and solid state hybrid drives. The document also compares SSDs to HDDs and provides details on characteristics like speed, reliability, and form factors.

Uploaded by

Daily Show image
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SECONDARY MEMORY

Place where we store personal data in computer system is known as


SM.

It is non-volatile in nature so that we cannot lose the data when


power supply is off.

METHOD FOR DATA ACCESSING:

Sequential Access

Random Access

Sequential Access this method in which we search the data


sequentially or line by line until you find desired data.

Eg, Magnetic tape.

Random Access: This is the method in which computer can go


directly to the information that the user wants.

Eg, Magnetic disk, Optical disk.

Types of storage devices

1. Magentic Tape
2. Magnetic Disk
3. Optical disk
4. Flash memory

Magnetic Tape

Magnetic tapes are used for large computers like mainframe.

Mainframe computer is made IBM.

But IBM said it is closed completely in 2025 and shift to cloud


computing.
Magnetic Disk

Magnetic disks are coated with a magnetic material such as iron


oxide.

Types of Magnetic Disk

 Floppy Disk
 Hard disk
 Optical disk
 Flash Memory

Floppy Disk

Also called floppy or diskette

Invented by IBM and in year 1971

INVENTED BY Alan Shugart

Size 3.5,5.25,and 8 inch

3 and half wale ka size 1.44MB

And 5and half wala 160kb single side

8inch wala 80kb size hai

By default 5and half consider kiya jata hai

Data written in a series of sectors

HARD DISK

it is non volatile or permanent is nature

also called hard disk drive and speed is measured in RPM.

connected to motherboard. HD is disco. By reynold b. johnson

Data cable used for connection is PATA,SCSI, SATA.


Speed measured in RPM means revolution per minute.

Speed is 5400RPM to 7200 RPM

And minimum speed is 1500RPM but is not available in market.

First hard disk by IMB in 1956.

Founder is Reynold B.Johnson

PATA Cable is also known as Parallel Advanced Technology


Attachment

SATA Cable is known as Serial Advanced technology Attachment

SCSI is known is Small Computer system Interface

Cables ka data transfer rate

PATA 133mb/sec

SATA 150 to 600mb/sec

SCSI 640mb/sec

Each sector stores a fixed amount of user accessible data.

Smallest physical storage unit is sector

Sector size is 512 Bytes or 0.5 KB

Hard Disk Maximum size is 20TB

Hard Disk sizes is 2.5 inch and 3.5 inch

Largest Manufacturer of Hard Disk is as follow

 Western Digital American company


 G-Technoloy Brand of WD
 Hitachi
 Seagate American
 Samsung South Korean

Seek Time means time taken to read and write the hard disk. Or time
taken taken to reach track in hard disk.

Latency time means time delay between a request for data and the
return of the data.

TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICES

SSD

SSD VS HDD

A hard disk drive is a storage device that uses mechanical platters


and a moving read/write head to access data.

A ssd is a newer, faster type of device that stores date on instantly


accessible memory chips (flash based memory).

Samsung unveiled the largest capacity SSD in the world.

It’s a 2.5 inch solid state drive

It can hold 16 terabytes of data.


Samsung uses 3D vertical NAND flash memory chips in its
manufacturing.

Cost: SSDs are much costlier than HDDs.

Reliability: SSD are much reliable than HDDs and less prone to
accidental damage.

Speed: it terms of speed, SSDs are much faster than HDDs

Power Consumption: As hard disk involves the mechanical moving


parts, the power consumption of HDDs than SSDs.

Data Durability: HDDs are more durable than SSDs.

Form Factor : HDDs are available in 2.5 inches and 3.5 inch form
factors. While SSDs are available in various form factors. SATA,
mSATA, and M.2 SSDs

SSHD means solid state hybrid drive.

Hdd+SSD = SSHD

1TB HARD DRIVE + 24 GB(ssd)

Os store in ssd and data store in hdd

OPTICAL dISC

CD, DVD, BRD

Founder of cd and dvd is james russel

Cd size is 700 mb

Dvd size 4.7gb

Blue ray disc developed by sony bluray disc association

Brd capacity is 25gb single layer and 50gb in double layer


FLASH MEMORY

Flash memory is an EEPROM form of computer memory.

Does not require a power source to retain the data.

Founder = Toshiba = Fujio Masuoka.

Example are pen drive, ssd, sd card is called secure digital, types of
flash memory is NOR and NAND.

MCQs

Random access device are is hard disk, cd, dvd.

Which storage device uses ribbon for data storage that is magnetic
tape.

First floppy disk was made by IBM.

John Von Neumann is founder of Modern Computer. And also known


for computer architecture.

Size of sector in hard disk is 512 bytes.

3.5 inch floppy disk store 1.44 mb data

Wd hard disk means western digital hard disk.

Time delay between a request and response is called latency time.

Seek time taken to read and write the hard disk.

James Gosling founder of java language

Martin cooper mobile ke founder hai

Usb port founder ajay bhat.

AND is not type of flash memory


Flash memory is EEPROM type of rom

Alan turing is founder of CS

First programmer is Ada Lovelace.

First hard disk drive was installed in RAMAC 305 computer.

Primary memory is ram rom and cache memory

A hard disk drive can be directly connected to a PC via SCI interface.

This utility checks for the problems on the hard disk such as bad
sector, viruses etc,. by scan disk.

It the process of dividing the disk into tracks and sector is known as
formatting.

Hard disk surfaces are usually divided into concentric rings, called
tracks.

Section within each track are called sector and it is smallest physical
storage unit on hard disk and collection of sector is called cluster and
collection of track is called cylinder.

Time taken to move the disk arm to the desired cylinder is called
seek time.

HDD have two sizes that is 2.5 and 3.5 inch.

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