REPUBLIC OF KENYA

NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS

FOR

WATER ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN

LEVEL 6

KENYA WATER INSTITUTE TVET CDACC

P.O. BOX 60013-00200 P.O. BOX 15745-00100
NAIROBI NAIROBI
First published 2019
© 2019, Kenya Water Institute (KEWI)

All rights reserved. No part of these Occupational Standards may be reproduced,

distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying,
recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods without the prior written permission
of KEWI, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain
other non-commercial uses permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, write to
the Director, at the address below:

DIRECTOR
KENYA WATER INSTITUTE (KEWI)
P.O. Box 60013–00200
Nairobi, Kenya
Email: [email protected]
Cell Phone: +254 722 207757
Website: [email protected]

© TVET CDACC 2019 2

 FOREWORD
The provision of quality education and training is fundamental to the Government’s
overall strategy for social economic development. Quality education and training will
contribute to achievement Kenya’s development blue print and sustainable development
goals.
Reforms in the education sector are necessary for the achievement of Kenya Vision 2030
and meeting the provisions of the Constitution of Kenya 2010. The education sector had
to be aligned to the Constitution and this resulted in the formulation of the Policy
Framework for Reforming Education and Training. A key feature of this policy is the
radical change in the design and delivery of the TVET training. The policy document
requires that training in TVET shall be competency based, Curriculum development shall
be industry led, certification shall be based on demonstration of competence and mode of
delivery shall allow for multiple entry and exit in TVET programmes.
These reforms demand that Industry takes a leading role in Curriculum development to
ensure the Curriculum addresses its competence needs. It is important to note that the
water sector has undergone numerous reforms in the last decade that require new
approach to training of personnel for the sector. It is against this background that these
Occupational Standards were developed for the purpose of developing a competency-
based Curriculum for Water Engineering Technology Level 6. These Occupational
Standards will also be the basis for assessment of an individual for competence
certification.
It is my conviction that these Occupational Standards will play a great role towards
development of competent human resource for the Water sector’s growth and sustainable
development.

PRINCIPAL SECRETARY
MINISTRY OF WATER & SANITATION AND IRRIGATION

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 PREFACE
Kenya Vision 2030 aims to transform the country into a newly industrializing, “middle-
income country providing a high-quality life to all its citizens by the year 2030”. Kenya
intends to create a globally competitive and adaptive human resource base to meet the
requirements of a rapidly industrializing economy through life-long education and
training. TVET has a responsibility of facilitating the process of inculcating knowledge,
skills and attitudes necessary for catapulting the nation to a globally competitive country,
hence the paradigm shift to embrace Competency Based Education and Training (CBET).

The Technical and Vocational Education and Training Act No. 29 of 2013 on Reforming
Education and Training in Kenya, emphasized the need to reform Curriculum
development, assessment and certification. This called for shift to CBET to address the
mismatch between skills acquired through training and skills needed by industry as well
as increase the global competitiveness of Kenyan labour force.

Kenya Water Institute in conjunction with Water Sector Skills Advisory Committee
(SSAC), Kenyatta University and Water Service Providers’ Association (WASPA), with
guidance from TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council
(TVET CDACC), has developed these occupational standards. These Occupational
Standards will be the basis for development of competency-based Curriculum for Water
Engineering, KNQF Level 6. These Standards will also be the basis for assessment of an
individual for competence certification.

The Occupational Standards are designed and organized with clear performance criteria
for each element of a unit of competency. These standards also outline the required
knowledge and skills as well as evidence guide.

I am grateful to the KEWI Academic Board, Technical Teams, TVET CDACC, and
Water SSAC, Experts drawn from Universities and Water Sector Institutions, and all
other stakeholders who participated in the development of these occupational standards.

CHAIRPERSON,
KENYA WATER INSTITUTE GOVERNING COUNCIL

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
These Occupational Standards were developed through combined effort of various
stakeholders from private and public organizations. I am sincerely thankful to the
management of these organizations for allowing their staff to participate in this course. I
wish to acknowledge the invaluable contribution of industry players who provided inputs
towards the development of these Standards.

I thank TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council (TVET

CDACC) for providing guidance on the development of these Standards. My gratitude
goes to the Water Sector Skills Advisory Committee (SSAC) members for their
contribution to the development of these Standards. I thank all the individuals and
organizations who participated in the validation of these Standards.

My gratitude also goes to Kenya Water Institute Academic Board and Technical Teams
for who cooperated with TVET CDACC and key sector institutions in the development
of these Standards.

I acknowledge all institutions which in one way or another contributed to the success of
development of these Standards.

CHAIRPERSON
WATER SECTOR SKILLS ADVISORY COMMITTEE

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD.......................................................................................................................ii
PREFACE..........................................................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT....................................................................................................iv
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS...........................................................................vi
KEY TO UNIT CODE......................................................................................................vii
OVERVIEW.....................................................................................................................viii
BASIC UNITS OF COMPETENCY...................................................................................1
DEMONSTRATE COMMUNICATION SKILLS.....................................................................
DEMONSTRATE DIGITAL LITERACY..................................................................................
DEMONSTRATE ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS.................................................................
DEMONSTRATE EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS......................................................................
DEMONSTRATE ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY.............................................................
DEMONSTRATE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICES....................
COMMON UNITS OF COMPETENCY..........................................................................39
APPLY WATER QUALITY PRINCIPLES..............................................................................
APPLY ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS.............................................................................
APPLY WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY...................................................................................
APPLY PHYSICS PRINCIPLES..............................................................................................
APPLY TECHNICAL DRAWINGS AND COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
PRINCIPLES.............................................................................................................................
APPLY WATER TECHNOLOGY PRINCIPLES....................................................................
APPLY WATER MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES..................................................................
CORE UNITS OF COMPETENCY..................................................................................79
DESIGN WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE..................................................................
CONSTRUCT WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE........................................................
OPERATE AND MAINTAIN WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE...............................
MANAGE NON-REVENUE WATER.....................................................................................

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© TVET CDACC 2019 7
 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
AP Arithmetic Progression
CAD Computer Aided Design
CDACC Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council
EMCA Environmental Management Coordination Act
EMS Environmental Management Systems
GHS Globally Harmonized System
GIS Geographical Information Systems
GPS Global Positioning System
GPRS General Packet Radio Services
HDPE High-Density Polyethylene
ICT Information Communication Technology
IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management
KEWI Kenya Water Institute
NEMA National Environmental Management Authority
NRW Non- Revenue Water
OS Operating Systems
OSH Occupational Safety and Health
PC Personal Computer
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
SMART Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Results-focused, time-bound
SSAC Sector Skills Advisory Committee
TV Television
TVET Technical Vocational Education and Training
UV-VIS Ultraviolet Visible
UPVC Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride
WASPA Water Service Providers Association
WASREB Water Services Regulatory Board
WET Water Engineering Technician
WHSA Water Harvesting Storage Authority
WSP Water Service Providers
WSTF Water Services Trust Fund

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 KEY TO UNIT CODE

WAT/ OS/ WET/ BC/ 01/ 6/A

Industry or sector

Occupational Standards

Occupational area

Type of competency

Competency number

Competency level

Control version

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 OVERVIEW
Water Engineering Technician Level 6 Occupational Standards consists of competencies
that an individual must achieve to enable him/her provide water supply services. It entails
designing, constructing water supply infrastructure and operating and maintaining waters
supply systems.

The qualification consists of the following basic, common and core competencies:

Basic Units of Competency

Unit Code Unit Title
WAT/OS/WET/BC/01/6/A Demonstrate Communication Skills
WAT/OS/WET/BC/02/6/A Demonstrate Digital Literacy
WAT/OS/WET/BC/03/6/A Demonstrate Entrepreneurial Skills
WAT/OS/WET/BC/04/6/A Demonstrate Employability Skills
WAT/OS/WET/BC/05/6/A Demonstrate Environmental Literacy
WAT/OS/WET/BC/06/6/A Demonstrate Occupational Safety and Health
Practices
Common Units of Competency
Unit Code Unit Title
WAT/OS/WET/CC/01/6/A Apply Water Quality Principles
WAT/OS/WET /CC/02/6/A Apply Engineering Mathematics
WAT/OS/WET /CC/03/6/A Apply Workshop Technology
WAT/OS/WET/CC/04/6/A Apply Physics Principles
WAT/OS/WET/CC/05/6/A Apply Technical Drawings and Computer Aided
Design Principles
WAT/OS/WET/CC/06/6/A Apply Water Technology Principles
WAT/OS/WET/CC/07/6/A Apply Water Management Principles

Core Units of Competency

Unit Code Unit Title
WAT/OS/WET/CR/01/6/A Design Water Supply Infrastructure
WAT/OS/WET/CR/02/6/A Construct Water Supply infrastructure
WAT/OS/WET/CR/03/6/A Operate and Maintain Water supply Systems
WAT/OS/WET/CR/04/6/A Manage Non- Revenue Water

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BASIC UNITS OF COMPETENCY

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 DEMONSTRATE COMMUNICATION SKILLS

UNIT CODE: WAT/OS/WET/CC/01/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit covers the competencies required to demonstrate communication skills. It
involves meeting communication needs of clients and colleagues, developing
communication strategies, establishing and maintaining communication pathways,
conducting interviews, facilitating group discussion and representing the organization.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the These are assessable statements which specify the required level
key outcomes of performance for each of the elements.
which make up Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
workplace function
1. Meet 1.1 Specific communication needs of clients and colleagues are
communication identified and met based on workplace requirements
needs of clients 1.2 Different communication approaches are identified and
and colleagues applied according to clients’ needs
1.3 Conflict is identified and addressed as per the standards of
the organization
2. Develop 2.1 Strategies for effective internal and external dissemination of
communication information are developed as per organization’s requirements
strategies 2.2 Special communication needs are considered in developing
strategies according workplace procedures
2.3 Communication strategies are analyzed, evaluated and
revised based the workplace needs
3. Establish and 3.1 Pathways of communication are established as per
maintain organization policy
communication 3.2 Pathways are maintained and reviewed according to
pathways organization procedures
4. Promote use of 4.1 Information is provided to all areas of the organization as per
communication strategy requirements
strategies 4.2 Effective communication techniques are articulated and
modeled according work requirements
4.3 Personnel are given guidance about adapting communication
strategies as per organization procedures
5. Conduct 5.1 A range of appropriate communication strategies are

© TVET CDACC 2019 12

 interview employed in interview situations based on the workplace
requirements
5.2 Records of interviews are made and maintained in accordance
with organizational procedures
5.3 Effective questioning, listening and nonverbal
communication techniques are used as per needs
6. Facilitate group 6.1 Mechanisms to enhance effective group interaction are
discussion identified and implemented according to workplace
requirements
6.2 Strategies to encourage group participation are identified and
used as per organizations’ procedures
6.3 Meetings objectives and agenda are set and followed based on
workplace requirements
6.4 Relevant information is provided and feedback obtained
according to set protocols
6.5 Evaluation of group communication strategies is undertaken
in accordance with workplace guidelines
6.6 Specific communication needs of individuals are identified
and addressed as per individual needs
7. Represent the 5.1 7Relevant presentation are researched and presented based
organization on internal or external communication forums requirements
5.2 Presentation is delivered in a clear and sequential manner as
per the predetermined time
5.3 Presentation is made as per appropriate media
5.4 Difference views are respected based on workplace
procedures
5.5 Written communication is done as per organizational
standards
5.6 Inquiries are responded according to organizational standard

RANGE
This section provides work environment and conditions to which the performance criteria
apply. It allows for different work environment and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range
1. Communication  Language switch
strategies may  Comprehension check
include but not

© TVET CDACC 2019 13

 limited to:  Repetition
 Asking confirmation
 Paraphrase
 Clarification request
 Translation
 Restructuring
 Approximation
 Generalization
2. Effective group  Identifying and evaluating what is occurring within
interaction may an interaction in a nonjudgmental way
include but not  Using active listening
limited to:  Making decision about appropriate words, behavior
 Putting together response which is culturally
appropriate
 Expressing an individual perspective
 Expressing own philosophy, ideology and
background and exploring impact with relevance to
communication
3. Situations may  Establishing rapport
include but not  Eliciting facts and information
limited to:  Facilitating resolution of issues
 Developing action plans
 Diffusing potentially difficult situations

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills

The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

 Communication
 Active listening
 Interpretation
 Negotiation
 Writing

Required Knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:

© TVET CDACC 2019 14

  Communication process
 Dynamics of groups
 Styles of group leadership
 Key elements of communications strategy

EVIDENCE GUIDE

This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance
criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.
1. Critical Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
aspects of 1.1 Developed communication strategies to meet the
Competency organization requirements and applied in the workplace
1.2 Established and maintained communication pathways for
effective communication in the workplace
1.3 Used communication strategies involving exchanges of
complex oral information
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2.1 Access to relevant workplace or appropriately simulated
environment where assessment can take place
2.2 Materials relevant to the proposed activity or tasks
3. Methods of Competency in this unit may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Direct observation
3.2 Oral questioning
3.3 Written texts
4. Context of Competency may be assessed:
Assessment 4.1 On-the-job
4.2 Off-the –job
4.3 During Industrial attachment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
for
assessment

© TVET CDACC 2019 15

 DEMONSTRATE DIGITAL LITERACY

UNIT CODE: WAT/OS/WET/CC/02/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes competencies required to demonstrate digital literacy. It involves,
identifying computer software and hardware, applying security measures to data,
hardware, and software in automated environment, applying computer software in
solving task, applying internet and email in communication at workplace, applying
desktop publishing in official assignments and preparing presentation packages.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

These describe the These are assessable statements which specify the required
key outcomes which level of performance for each of the elements.
make up workplace
function Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range

1. Identify 1.1 Concepts of ICT are determined in accordance with

appropriate computer equipment
computer 1.2 Classifications of computers are determined in accordance
software and with manufacturers specification
hardware 1.3 Appropriate computer software is identified according to
manufacturer’s specification
1.4 Appropriate computer hardware is identified according to
manufacturer’s specification
1.5 Functions and commands of operating system are
determined in accordance with manufacturer’s
specification
2. Apply security 2.1 Data security and privacy are classified in accordance
measures to with the prevailing technology
data, hardware, 2.2 Security threats reidentified and control measures are
software in applied in accordance with laws governing protection of
automated ICT
environment 2.3 Computer threats and crimes are detected in accordance to
Information Management security guidelines
2.4 Protection against computer crimes is undertaken in
accordance with laws governing protection of ICT
3. Apply computer 3.1 Word processing concepts are applied in resolving

© TVET CDACC 2019 16

 software in workplace tasks, report writing and documentation as per
solving tasks the job requirements
3.2 Word processing utilities are applied in accordance with
workplace procedures
3.3 Worksheet layout is prepared in accordance with work
procedures
3.4 Worksheet is built and data manipulated in the worksheet
in accordance with workplace procedures
3.5 Continuous data manipulated on worksheet is undertaken
in accordance with work requirements
3.6 Database design and manipulation is undertaken in
accordance with office procedures
3.7 Data sorting, indexing, storage, retrieval and security is
provided in accordance with workplace procedures
4. Apply internet 4.1 Electronic mail addresses are opened and applied in
and email in workplace communication in accordance with office
communication policy
at workplace 4.2 Office internet functions are defined and executed in
accordance with office procedures
4.3 Network configuration is determined in accordance with
office operations procedures
4.4 Official World Wide Web is installed and managed
according to workplace procedures
5. Apply Desktop 5.1 Desktop publishing functions and tools are identified in
publishing in accordance with manufactures specifications
official 5.2 Desktop publishing tools are developed in accordance with
assignments work requirements
5.3 Desktop publishing tools are applied in accordance with
workplace requirements
5.4 Typeset work is enhanced in accordance with workplace
standards
6. Prepare 6.1 Types of presentation packages are identified in
presentation accordance with office requirements
packages 6.2 Slides are created and formulated in accordance with
workplace procedures
6.3 Slides are edited and run-in accordance with work
procedures
6.4 Slides and handouts are printed according to work
requirements

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RANGE
This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range
1. Appropriate
computer Collection of physical parts of a computer system such as:
hardware may  Computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse
include but not  All the parts inside the computer case, such as the hard
limited to: disk drive, motherboard and video card

2. Data security and  Confidentiality of data

privacy may  Cloud computing
include but not  Integrity -but-curious data surfing
limited to:
3. Security and  Counter measures against cyber terrorism
control measures  Risk reduction
may include but  Cyber threat issues
not limited to:  Risk management
 Pass-wording
4. Security threats  Cyber terrorism
may include but  Hacking
not limited to:

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills

The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

 Analytical skills
 Interpretation
 Typing
 Communication
 Computing (applying fundamental operations such as addition, subtraction,
division and multiplication)
 Using calculator
 Basic ICT skills

© TVET CDACC 2019 18

Required Knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 Software concept
 Functions of computer software and hardware
 Data security and privacy
 Computer security threats and control measures
 Technology underlying cyber-attacks and networks
 Cyber terrorism
 Computer crimes
 Detection and protection of computer crimes
 Laws governing protection of ICT
 Word processing;
 Functions and concepts of word processing.
 Documents and tables creation and manipulations
 Mail merging
 Word processing utilities
 Spread sheets;
 Meaning, formulae, function and charts, uses and layout
 Data formulation, manipulation and application to cells

 Database;
 Database design, data manipulation, sorting, indexing,
storage retrieval and security
 Desktop publishing;
 Designing and developing desktop publishing tools
 Manipulation of desktop publishing tools
 Enhancement of typeset work and printing documents
 Presentation Packages;
 Types of presentation Packages
 Creating, formulating, running, editing, printing and
presenting slides and handouts
 Networking and Internet;
 Computer networking and internet.
 Electronic mail and world wide web
 Emerging trends and issues in ICT;
 Identify and integrate emerging trends and issues in ICT
 Challenges posed by emerging trends and issues
EVIDENCE GUIDE

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This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance
criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.
1. Critical Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Aspects of 1.1 Identified and controlled security threats
Competency 1.2 Detected and protected computer crimes
1.3 Applied word processing in office tasks
1.4 Designed, prepared work sheet and applied data to the cells
in accordance to workplace procedures
1.5 Opened electronic mail for office communication as per
workplace procedure
1.6 Installed internet and World Wide Web for office tasks in
accordance with office procedures
1.7 Integrated emerging issues in computer ICT applications
1.8 Applied laws governing protection of ICT
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2.1 Access to relevant workplace where assessment can take
place
2.2 Appropriately simulated environment where assessment
can take place
3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Observation
3.2 Oral questioning
3.3 Written test
3.4 Portfolio of Evidence
3.5 Interview
3.6 Third party report
4. Context of Competency may be assessed:
Assessment 4.1 On-the-job
4.2 Off-the –job
4.3 During Industrial attachment

5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry

information sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
for assessment

© TVET CDACC 2019 20

 DEMONSTRATE ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS

UNIT CODE : WAT/OS/WET/CC/03/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION

This unit covers the competencies required to demonstrate understanding of

entrepreneurship. It involves demonstrating understanding of an entrepreneur,
entrepreneurship, and self-employment, identifying entrepreneurship opportunities,
creating entrepreneurial awareness, applying entrepreneurial motivation, developing
business innovative strategies and developing business plan.
ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
1. Demonstrate 1. 1 Entrepreneurs and Business persons are
understanding of an distinguished as per principles of
Entrepreneur entrepreneurship
1. 2 Types of entrepreneurs are identified as per
principles of entrepreneurship
1. 3 Ways of becoming an Entrepreneur are
identified as per principles of
Entrepreneurship
1. 4 Characteristics of Entrepreneurs are
identified as per principles of
Entrepreneurship
1. 5 Factors affecting Entrepreneurship
development are explored as per principles
of Entrepreneurship
2. Demonstrate 2. 1 Entrepreneurship and self-employment are
understanding of distinguished as per principles of
Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship
self-employment 2. 2 Importance of self-employment is analysed
based on business procedures and strategies
2. 3 Requirements for entry into self-
employment are identified according to
business procedures and strategies
2. 4 Role of an Entrepreneur in business is
determined according to business
procedures and strategies

© TVET CDACC 2019 21

 2. 5 Contributions of Entrepreneurs to National
development are identified as per business
procedures and strategies
2. 6 Entrepreneurship culture in Kenya is
explored as per business procedures and
strategies
2. 7 Born or made Entrepreneurs are
distinguished as per entrepreneurial traits
3. Identify Entrepreneurship 3.1 Sources of business ideas are identified as
opportunities per business procedures and strategies
3.2 Business ideas and opportunities are
generated as per business procedures and
strategies
3.3 Business life cycle is analysed as per business
procedures and strategies
3.4 Legal aspects of business are identified as
per procedures and strategies
3.5 Product demand is assessed as per market
strategies
3.6 Types of business environment are identified
and evaluated as per business procedures
3.7 Factors to consider when evaluating business
environment are explored based on business
procedure and strategies
3.8 Technology in business is incorporated as
per best practice
4. Create entrepreneurial 4.1 Forms of businesses are explored as per
awareness business procedures and strategies
4.2 Sources of business finance are identified as
per business procedures and strategies
4.3 Factors in selecting source of business
finance are identified as per business
procedures and strategies
4.4 Governing policies on Small Scale
Enterprises (SSEs) are determined as per
business procedures and strategies
4.5 Problems of starting and operating SSEs are
explored as per business procedures and

© TVET CDACC 2019 22

 strategies
5.1 Internal and external motivation factors are
5. Apply entrepreneurial determined in accordance with motivational
motivation theories
5.2 Self-assessment is carried out as per
entrepreneurial orientation
5.3 Effective communications are carried out in
accordance with communication principles
5.4 Entrepreneurial motivation is applied as per
motivational theories

6. Develop innovative 6.1 Business innovation strategies are

business strategies determined in accordance with the
organization strategies
6.2 Creativity in business development is
demonstrated in accordance with
business strategies
6.3 Innovative business strategies are
developed as per business principles
6.4 Linkages with other entrepreneurs are
created as per best practice
6.5 ICT is incorporated in business growth
and development as per best practice

7. Develop Business Plan 7.1 Identified Business is described as per

business procedures and strategies
7.2 Marketing plan is developed as per business
plan format
7.3 Organizational/Management plan is
prepared in accordance with business plan
format
7.4 Production/operation plan in accordance
with business plan format
7.5 Financial plan is prepared in accordance with
the business plan format
7.6 Executive summary is prepared in
accordance with business plan format
7.7 Business plan is presented as per best
practice

© TVET CDACC 2019 23

RANGE
This section provides work environment and conditions to which the performance criteria
apply. It allows for different work environment and situations that will affect
performance.
Variable Range
1. Types of entrepreneurs may  Innovators
include but not limited to:  Imitators
 Craft
 Opportunistic
 Speculators
2. Characteristics of Entrepreneurs  Creative
may include but not limited to:  Innovative
 Planner
 Risk taker
 Networker
 Confident
 Flexible
 Persistent
 Patient
 Independent
 Future oriented
 Goal oriented

3. Requirements for entry into self-  Technical skills

employment may include but not  Management skills
limited to  Entrepreneurial skills
 Resources
 Infrastructure

4. Internal and external motivation  Interest

may include but not limited to:  Passion
 Freedom
 Prestige
 Rewards
 Punishment
 Enabling environment

© TVET CDACC 2019 24

  Government policies

5. Business environment may  External

include but not limited to:  Internal
 Intermediate

6. Forms of businesses may include  Sole proprietorship

but not limited to:  Partnership
 Limited companies
 Cooperatives

7. Governing policies may include  Increasing scope for finance

but not limited to:  Promoting cooperation between
entrepreneurs and private sector
 Reducing regulatory burden on
entrepreneurs
 Developing IT tools for
entrepreneurs

8. Innovative business strategies  New products

may include but not limited to:  New methods of production
 New markets
 New sources of supplies
 Change in industrialization

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

 Analytical
 Management
 Problem-solving
 Root-cause analysis
 Communication

Required Knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:

© TVET CDACC 2019 25

 Decision making
 Business communication
 Change management
 Competition
 Risk
 Net working
 Time management
 Leadership
 Factors affecting entrepreneurship development
 Principles of Entrepreneurship
 Features and benefits of common operational practices, e. g., continuous
improvement (kaizen), waste elimination,
 Conflict resolution
 Health, safety and environment (HSE) principles and requirements
 Customer care strategies
 Basic financial management
 Business strategic planning
 Impact of change on individuals, groups and industries
 Government and regulatory processes
 Local and international market trends
 Product promotion strategies
 Market and feasibility studies
 Government and regulatory processes
 Local and international business environment
 Relevant developments in other industries
 Regional/ County business expansion strategies

EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.
1. Critical Aspects of 1. 1 Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competency 1. 2 Distinguished entrepreneurs and businesspersons
correctly
1. 3 Identified ways of becoming an entrepreneur
appropriately
1. 4 Explored factors affecting entrepreneurship
development appropriately
1. 5 Analysed importance of self-employment

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 accurately
1. 6 Identified requirements for entry into self-
employment correctly
1. 7 Identified sources of business ideas correctly
1. 8 Generated Business ideas and opportunities
correctly
1. 9 Analysed business life cycle accurately
1. 10 Identified legal aspects of business correctly
1. 11 Assessed product demand accurately
1. 12 Determined Internal and external motivation
factors appropriately
1. 13 Carried out communications effectively
1. 14 Identified sources of business finance correctly
1. 15 Determined Governing policy on small scale
enterprise appropriately
1. 16 Explored problems of starting and operating SSEs
effectively
1. 17 Developed Marketing,
Organizational/Management,
Production/Operation and Financial plans
correctly
1. 18 Prepared executive summary correctly
1. 19 Determined business innovative strategies
appropriately
1. 20 Presented business plan effectively
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2.1 Access to relevant workplace where assessment
can take place
2.2 Appropriately simulated environment where
assessment can take place

3. Methods of 3.1 Written tests

Assessment 3.2 Oral questions
3.3 Third party report
3.4 Interviews
3.5 Portfolio of Evidence

4. Context of Competency may be assessed

Assessment 4.1 On-the-job

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 4.2 Off-the –job
4.3 During Industrial attachment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the
information for industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

© TVET CDACC 2019 28

 DEMONSTRATE EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS

UNIT CODE: WAT/OS/WET/CC/04/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTON
This unit covers competencies required to demonstrate employability skills. It involves
conducting self-management, demonstrating interpersonal communication, critical safe
work habits, leading a workplace team, planning and organizing work, maintaining
professional growth and development, demonstrating workplace learning, problem
solving skills and managing ethical performance.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace function.
Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range

1. Conduct self- 1.1 Personal vision, mission and goals are formulated
management based on potential and in relation to organization
objectives
1.2 Emotional intelligence is demonstrated as per
workplace requirements.
1.3 Individual performance is evaluated and monitored
according to the agreed targets.
1.4 Assertiveness is developed and maintained based on
the requirements of the job.
1.5 Accountability and responsibility for own actions are
demonstrated based on workplace instructions.
1.6 Self-esteem and a positive self-image are developed
and maintained based on values.
1.7 Time management, attendance and punctuality are
observed as per the organization policy.
1.8 Goals are managed as per the organization’s objective
1.9 Self-strengths and weaknesses are identified based on
personal objectives
2. Demonstrate 2.1 Writing skills are demonstrated as per communication

© TVET CDACC 2019 29

 interpersonal policy
communication 2.2 Negotiation and persuasion skills are demonstrated as
per communication policy
2.3 Internal and external stakeholders’ needs are identified
and interpreted as per the communication policy
2.4 Communication networks are established based on
workplace policy
2.5 Information is shared as per communication policy

3. Demonstrate 3.1 Stress is managed in accordance with workplace policy.

critical safe work 3.2 Punctuality and time consciousness is demonstrated in
habits line with workplace policy.
3.3 Personal objectives are integrated with organization
goals based on organization’s strategic plan.
3.4 Resources are utilized in accordance with workplace
policy.
3.5 Work priorities are set in accordance to workplace
goals and objectives.
3.6 Leisure time is recognized and utilized in line with
personal objectives.
3.7 Drugs and substances of abuse are identified and
avoided based on workplace policy.
3.8 HIV and AIDS prevention awareness is demonstrated in
line with workplace policy.
3.9 Safety consciousness is demonstrated in the workplace
based on organization safety policy.
3.10 Emerging issues are identified and dealt with in
accordance with organization policy.
4. Lead a workplace 4.1 Performance targets for the team are set based on
team organization’s objectives
4.2 Duties are assigned in accordance with the
organization policy.
4.3 Forms of communication in a team are established
according to organization’s policy.
4.4 Team performance is evaluated based on set targets as
per workplace policy.
4.5 Conflicts are resolved between team members in line
with organization policy.

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 4.6 Gender related issues are identified and mainstreamed
in accordance workplace policy.
4.7 Human rights and fundamental freedoms are identified
and respected as Constitution of Kenya 2010.
4.8 Healthy relationships are developed and maintained in
line with workplace.
5. Plan and organize 5.1 Work plans are prepared based on activities and
work budget.
5.2 Assigned tasks are interpreted and expectations
identified as per the workplace instructions.
5.3 Task occupational safety and health requirements are
identified and observed regulations.
5.4 Work resources are identified, mobilized, allocated and
utilized based on organization work plans.
5.5 Work activities are monitored and evaluated in line
with work plans and workplace policy.
5.6 Work plans are reviewed based on target and available
resources.
6. Maintain 6.1 Personal training needs are identified and assessed in
professional line with the requirements of the job.
growth and 6.2 Training and career opportunities are identified and
development utilized based on job requirements.
6.3 Resources for training are mobilized and allocated
based organizations and individual skills needs.
6.4 Licensees and certifications relevant to job and career
are obtained and renewed as per policy.
6.5 Work priorities and personal commitments are
balanced and managed based on requirements of the
job and personal objectives.
6.6 Recognitions are sought as proof of career
advancement in line with professional requirements.
7. Demonstrate 7.1 Learning opportunities are sought and managed based
workplace learning on job requirement and organization policy.
7.2 Improvement in performance is demonstrated based on
courses attended.
7.3 Application of learning is demonstrated in both
technical and non-technical aspects based on
requirements of the job
7.4 Time and effort is invested in learning new skills based
on job requirements

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 7.5 Initiative is taken to create more effective and efficient
processes and procedures in line with workplace policy.
7.6 New systems are developed and maintained in
accordance with the requirements of the job.
7.7 Awareness of personal role in workplace innovation is
demonstrated based on requirements of the job.
8. Demonstrate 8.1 Creative, innovative and practical solutions are
problem solving developed based on the problem
skills 8.2 Independence and initiative in identifying and solving
problems is demonstrated based on requirements of the
job.
8.3 Team problems are solved as per the workplace
guidelines
8.4 Problem solving strategies are applied as per the
workplace guidelines
8.5 Problems are analyzed and assumptions tested as per the
context of data and circumstances
9. Manage ethical 9.1 Policies and guidelines are observed as per the
performance workplace requirements
9.2 Self-worth and professionalism is exercised in line with
personal goals and organizational policies
9.3 Code of conduct is observed as per the workplace
requirements
9.4 Integrity is demonstrated as per legal requirement

RANGE
This section provides work environment and conditions to which the performance criteria
apply. It allows for different work environment and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range

1. Drug and substance abuse Commonly abused

may include but not  Alcohol
limited to:  Tobacco
 Miraa
 Over-the-counter drugs
 Cocaine
 Bhang

© TVET CDACC 2019 32

  Glue
2. Feedback may include but  Verbal
not limited to:  Written
 Informal
 Formal
3. Relationships may include  Man/Woman
but not limited to:  Trainer/trainee
 Employee/employer
 Client/service provider
 Husband/wife
 Boy/girl
 Parent/child
 Sibling relationships
4. Forms of communication  Written
may include but not  Visual
limited to:  Verbal
 Non verbal
 Formal and informal
5. Team may include but not  Small work group
limited to:  Staff in a section/department
 Inter-agency group
6. Personal growth may  Growth in the job
include but not limited to:  Career mobility
 Gains and exposure the job gives
 Net workings
 Benefits that accrue to the individual as a
result of noteworthy performance
7. Personal objectives may  Long term
include but not limited to:  Short term
 Broad
 Specific
8. Trainings and career  Participation in training programs
opportunities may includes  Serving as Resource Persons in
but not limited to conferences and workshops
9. Resource may include may  Human
but not limited to:  Financial
 Technology

© TVET CDACC 2019 33

 10. Innovation may include but  New ideas
not limited to:  Original ideas
 Different ideas
 Methods/procedures
 Processes
 New tools
11. Emerging issues may  Terrorism
include but not limited to:  Social media
 National cohesion
 Open offices
12. Range of media for  Mentoring
learning may include but  peer support and networking
not limited to:  IT and courses

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:
 Interpersonal
 Communication
 Critical thinking
 Organizational
 Negotiation
 Monitoring
 Evaluation
 Record keeping
 Problem solving
 Decision Making
 Resource utilization
 Resource mobilization

Required Knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 Work values and ethics
 Company policies
 Company operations, procedures and standards

© TVET CDACC 2019 34

  Occupational Health and safety procedures
 Fundamental rights at work
 Workplace communication
 Concept of time
 Time management
 Decision making
 Types of resources
 Work planning
 Organizing work
 Monitoring and evaluation
 Record keeping
 Gender mainstreaming
 HIV and AIDS
 Drug and substance abuse
 Professional growth and development
 Technology in the workplace
 Innovation
 Emerging issues

EVIDENCE GUIDE

This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

1. 2. Critical aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

of Competency 1.1 Conducted self-management
1.2 Demonstrated interpersonal communication
1.3 Demonstrated critical safe work habits
1.4 Demonstrated the ability to lead a workplace team
1.5 Planned and organized work
1.6 Maintained professional growth and development
1.7 Demonstrated workplace learning
1.8 Demonstrated problem solving skills
1.9 Demonstrated the ability to manage performance ethically
3. 4. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2.1 Access to relevant workplace where assessment can take
place
2.2 Appropriately simulated environment where assessment

© TVET CDACC 2019 35

 can take place
5. 6. Methods of Competency in this unit may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Observation
3.2 Oral questioning
3.3 Written test
3.4 Portfolio of Evidence
3.5 Interview
3.6 Third party report
7. 8. Context of Competency may be assessed:
Assessment 4.1 On-the-job
4.2 Off-the –job
4.3 During Industrial attachment
9. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
for assessment

© TVET CDACC 2019 36

 DEMONSTRATE ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY
UNIT CODE: WAT/OS/WET/CC/05/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION

This unit specifies the competencies required to demonstrate environmental literacy. It

involves, controlling environmental hazard and environmental pollution, demonstrating
sustainable resource use, evaluating current practices in relation to resource usage,
identifying environmental legislations/conventions for environmental concerns,
implementing specific environmental programs, monitoring activities on environmental
protection/Programs , analyzing resource use and developing resource conservation plans

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the
outcomes which make up required level of performance for each of the elements.
workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range

1. Control environmental 1. 1 Storage methods for environmentally hazardous

hazard materials are strictly followed according to
environmental regulations and OSHS.
1. 2 Disposal methods of hazardous wastes are
followed according to environmental regulations
and OSHS.
1. 3 PPE is used according to OSHS.
2. Control environmental 2.1 Environmental pollution control measures are
Pollution implemented in accordance with international
protocols.
2.2 Procedures for solid waste management are
observed according Environmental Management
and Coordination Act 1999
2.3 Methods for minimizing noise pollution is
complied with based on Noise and Excessive
Vibration Pollution and Control Regulations,
2009
3. Demonstrate sustainable 3.1 Methods for minimizing wastage are complied with
resource use based on organizational waste management guide
3.2 Waste management procedures are employed

© TVET CDACC 2019 37

 following principles of 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse,
Recycle)
3.3 Methods for economizing and reducing resource
consumption are practiced as per the Constitution
of Kenya 2010 Article 69 .
4. Evaluate current 4.1 Information on resource efficiency systems and
practices in relation to procedures are collected and provided as per work
resource usage groups/sector
4.2 Current resource usage is measured and recorded as
per work group
4.3 Current purchasing strategies are analyzed and
recorded according to industry procedures.
4.4 Current work processes to access information and
data is analyzed following enterprise protocol.
5. Identify environmental 5.1 Environmental legislations/conventions and local
legislations/conventions ordinances are identified according to the
for environmental different environmental aspects/impact
concerns 5.2 Industrial standard/environmental practices are
described according to the different
environmental concerns
6. Implement specific 6.1 Programs/Activities are identified according to
environmental programs organizations policies and guidelines.
6.2 Individual roles/responsibilities are
determined and performed based on the activities
identified.
6.3 Problems/constraints encountered are resolved in
accordance with organizations’ policies and
guidelines
6.4 Stakeholders are consulted based on company
guidelines
7. Monitor activities on 7.1 Activities are periodically monitored and Evaluated
Environmental according to the objectives of the environmental
protection/Programs program
7.2 Feedback from stakeholders are gathered and
considered in Proposing enhancements to the
program based on consultations
7.3 Data gathered are analyzed based on Evaluation
requirements
7.4 Recommendations are submitted based on the

© TVET CDACC 2019 38

 findings
7.5 Management support systems are set/established
to sustain and enhance the program
7.6 Environmental incidents are monitored and
reported to
7.7 concerned/proper authorities
8. Analyze resource use 8.1 All resource consuming processes are Identified as
per the organizational work plan
8.2 Quantity and nature of resource consumed is
determined based on processes
8.3 Resource flow is analyzed as per different parts of
the process.
8.4 Wastes are classified according to NEMA
regulations on waste management.
9. Develop resource 9.1. Efficiency of use/conversion of resources is
Conservation plans determined according to industry protocol.
9.2. Causes of low efficiency of use of resources are
Determined based on industry protocol.
9.3. Plans for increasing the efficiency of resource use
are developed based on findings.

RANGE

This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range

1. PPE may include but  Mask

not limited to  Gloves
 Goggles
 Safety hat
 Overall
 Hearing protector

© TVET CDACC 2019 39

 2. Control measures  Methods for minimizing or stopping spread
may include but not and ingestion of airborne particles
limited to  Methods for minimizing or stopping spread
and ingestion of gases and fumes
 Methods for minimizing or stopping spread
and ingestion of liquid wastes

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

 Measuring
 Recording
 Analytical
 Monitoring
 Communication
 Writing

Required Knowledge

The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:

 PPEs
 Environmental regulations
 OSHS
 Pollution
 Waste management
 Principle of 3Rs
 Types of resources
 Techniques in measuring current usage of resources
 Environmental hazards
 Regulatory requirements

EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

© TVET CDACC 2019 40

 1. Critical Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Aspects of
Competency 1.1 Controlled environmental hazard
1.2 Controlled environmental pollution
1.3 Demonstrated sustainable resource use
1.4 Evaluated current practices in relation to resource usage
1.5 Demonstrated knowledge of environmental legislations and
local ordinances according to the different environmental
issues /concerns.
1.6 Described industrial standard environmental practices
according to the different environmental issues/concerns.
1.7 Resolved problems/ constraints encountered based on
management standard procedures
1.8 Implemented and monitored environmental practices on a
periodic basis as per company guidelines
1.9 Recommended solutions for the improvement of the
program
1.10 Monitored and reported to proper authorities any
environmental incidents
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications
 Workplace with storage facilities
 Tools, materials and equipment relevant to the tasks (e.g.
Cleaning tools, cleaning materials, trash bags)
 PPE, manuals and references
 Legislation, policies, procedures, protocols and local
ordinances relating to environmental protection
 Case studies/scenarios relating to environmental Protection
3 Methods of Competency in this unit may be assessed through:
Assessment  Observation
 Oral questioning
 Written test
 Portfolio of Evidence
 Interview
 Third party report
4 Context of Competency may be assessed
Assessment 4.1 On-the-job
4.2 Off-the –job
4.3 During Industrial attachment

© TVET CDACC 2019 41

5 Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

© TVET CDACC 2019 42

 DEMONSTRATE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICES

UNIT CODE: WAT/OS/WET/CC/06/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to demonstrate occupational health and
safety practices. It involves identifying workplace hazards and risks, identifying and
implementing appropriate control measures to hazards and risks and implementing OSH
programs, procedures and policies/guidelines.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the
outcomes which make up required level of performance for each of the elements.
workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
1. Identify workplace 1.1 Hazards in the workplace are identified based their
hazards and risk indicators
1.2 Risks and hazards are evaluated based on legal
requirements.
1.3 OSH concerns raised by workers are addressed as
per legal requirements.
2. Control OSH hazards 2.1 Hazard prevention and control measures are
implemented as per legal requirement.
2.2 Risk assessment is conducted and a risk matrix
developed based on likely impact.
2.3 Contingency measures, including emergency
procedures during workplace incidents and
emergencies are recognized and established in
accordance with organization procedures.
3. Implement OSH 3.1 Company OSH program are identified, evaluated and
programs reviewed based on legal requirements.
3.2 Company OSH programs are implemented as per
legal requirements.
3.3 Workers are capacity built on OSH standards and
procedures as per legal requirements
3.4 OSH-related records are maintained as per legal
requirements.

© TVET CDACC 2019 43

RANGE
This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range
1. Hazards may include  Physical hazards – impact, illumination, pressure,
but not limited to: noise,
 vibration, extreme temperature, radiation
 Biological hazards- bacteria, viruses, plants,
parasites, mites, molds, fungi, insects
 Chemical hazards – dusts, fibers, mists, fumes,
smoke, gasses, vapors
 Ergonomics
 Psychological factors – over exertion/ excessive
force,
awkward/static positions, fatigue, direct pressure,
 varying metabolic cycles
 Physiological factors – monotony, personal
relationship, work out cycle
 Safety hazards (unsafe workplace condition) –
confined space, excavations, falling objects, gas
leaks, electrical, poor storage of materials and
waste, spillage, waste and debris
 Unsafe workers’ act (Smoking in off-limited areas,
Substance and alcohol abuse at work)
2. Indicators may include  Increased of incidents of accidents, injuries
but not limited to:  Increased occurrence of sickness or health
complaints/ symptoms
 Common complaints of workers related to OSH
 High absenteeism for work-related reasons

© TVET CDACC 2019 44

3. OSH concerns may  Workers’ experience/observance on presence of
include but not limited work hazards
to:  Unsafe/unhealthy administrative arrangements
(prolonged work hours, no break time, constant
overtime, scheduling of tasks)
 Reasons for compliance/non-compliance to use
of PPEs or other OSH
procedures/policies/guidelines
4. Safety gears /PPE  Arm/Hand guard, gloves
(Personal Protective  Eye protection (goggles, shield)
Equipment) may  Hearing protection (ear muffs, ear plugs)
include but not limited  Hair Net/cap/bonnet
to:
 Hard hat
 Face protection (mask, shield)
 Apron/Gown/coverall/jump suit
 Anti-static suits
 High-visibility reflective vest
5. Appropriate risk  Appropriate risk controls in order of impact are as
controls follows:
may include but not  Eliminate the hazard altogether (i.e., get rid of
limited to: the dangerous machine)
 Isolate the hazard from anyone who could be
harmed (i.e., keep the machine in a closed room
and operate it remotely; barricade an unsafe area
off)
 Substitute the hazard with a safer alternative (i.e.,
replace the machine with a safer one)
 Use administrative controls to reduce the risk
(i.e., train workers how to use equipment safely;
train workers about the risks of harassment; issue
signage)
 Use engineering controls to reduce the risk (i.e.,
attach guards to the machine to protect users)
 Use personal protective equipment (i.e., wear
 gloves and goggles when using the machine)

© TVET CDACC 2019 45

 6. Contingency measures  Evacuation
may include but not  Isolation
limited to:  Decontamination
 (Calling designed) emergency personnel
7. Incidents and  Chemical spills
emergencies may  Equipment/vehicle accidents
include but not  Explosion
limited to:  Fire
 Gas leak
 Injury to personnel
 Structural collapse
 Toxic and/or flammable vapors emission.
8. OSH-related Records  Medical/Health records
may include but not  Incident/accident reports
limited to:  Sickness notifications/sick leave application
 OSH-related trainings obtained

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:
 Communication
 Interpersonal
 Presentation
 Risk assessment
 Evaluation
 Critical thinking
 Problem solving
 Negotiation

Required Knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 General OSH Principles
 Occupational hazards/risks recognition
 OSH organizations providing services on OSH evaluation and/or work
environment measurements (WEM)
 National OSH regulations; company OSH policies and protocols

© TVET CDACC 2019 46

  Systematic gathering of OSH issues and concerns
 General OSH principles
 National OSH regulations
 Company OSH and recording protocols, procedures and policies/guidelines
 Training and/or counseling methodologies and strategies

EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

1. Critical Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

Aspects of 1.1 Identified hazards in the workplace based their indicators
Competency 1.2 Evaluated workplace hazards based on legal requirements.
1.3 Addressed OSH concerns raised by workers as per legal
requirements.
1.4 Implemented hazard prevention and control measures as per
legal requirement.
1.5 Conducted risk assessment as per legal requirement.
1.6 Developed risk matrix based on likely impact.
1.7 Recognized and established contingency measures in
accordance with organization procedures.
1.8 Identified, evaluated and reviewed company OSH program
based on legal requirements.
1.9 Implemented company OSH programs as per legal
requirements.
1.10 Capacity built workers on OSH standards and procedures
as per legal requirements
1.11 Maintained OSH-related records as per legal requirements.
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2.3 Access to relevant workplace where assessment can take
place
2.4 Appropriately simulated environment where assessment
can take place
3. Methods of Competency in this unit may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Observation
3.2 Oral questioning
3.3 Written test
3.4 Portfolio of Evidence

© TVET CDACC 2019 47

 3.5 Interview
3.6 Third party report
4. Context of Competency may be assessed:
Assessment 4.1 On-the-job
4.2 Off-the –job
4.3 During Industrial attachment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

© TVET CDACC 2019 48

 COMMON UNITS OF COMPETENCY

© TVET CDACC 2019 49

 APPLY WATER QUALITY PRINCIPLES

UNIT CODE: WAT/OS/WET/CC/01/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit covers the competencies required to apply chemistry and biology principles. It
involves applying inorganic chemistry principles, organic chemistry principles, physical
chemistry principles, water chemistry principles and biology principles. It also involves
analyzing physical and chemical substances and micro-biological organisms in water and
wastewater.
This standard applies in water sector.
ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENTS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the These are assessable statements which specify the required
key outcomes which level of performance for each of the elements.
make up workplace Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
function.
1.1 Structure of atoms are illustrated based on Bohr’s atomic
1. Apply inorganic model
chemistry 1.2 Electron arrangement of the first 30 elements of the
principles periodic table are illustrated based on quantum numbers
and electronic configuration rules
1.3 The periodic table is analyzed based on groups, periods
and blocks
1.4 Acid-base properties of compounds of period three
elements are analyzed based on dissolution and hydrolysis
1.5 Chemical bonds are identified based on their properties
1.6 Chemical structures of substances are represented based
on chemical bonding
1.7 Hazardous chemicals are identified based on globally
harmonized system of classification and labeling of
chemical
1.8 Units of concentrations are determined based on physical
states
1.9 Chemical reactions are illustrated based on
stoichiometric principles
1.10 Chemical reagents and solutions are prepared based on
standard procedures
1.11 Chemical safety is observed based on good Laboratory

© TVET CDACC 2019 50

 Practice

2. Apply Organic 2 .1 Organic compounds are classified based on functional

Chemistry groups.
Principles 2 .2 Plastics are identified based on plastics identification
code
2 .3 Aerobic and anaerobic processes in water treatment are
identified based on biochemical principles

3. Apply Physical 3 .1 Corrosion is illustrated using electrochemical

Chemistry principles.
Principles 3 .2 Calculations involving redox reactions are performed
based on electrochemical series.
3 .3 Problems on gases are solved based on kinetic theory
and gas laws.
3 .4 Solubility of substances compared based on solubility
product.
3 .5 Salts are classified based on their interactions with
water.
3 .6 Solutions are prepared based on user requirements.
3 .7 Unknown concentrations are determined based on
stoichiometric principles.
3 .8 Calculations involving chemical kinetics in aqueous
medium are performed as per the rate law.
3 .9 Calculations involving chemical equilibria are
performed based on Le Chatelier’s principle.
3 .10Enthalpy of reactions determined based on
thermochemistry principles.
3 .11Calculations involving thermal equilibria carried out are
based on laws of thermodynamics.
4 .1 Chemical bonding and structure of water is illustrated
4. Apply Water based on Bohr’s atomic model
Chemistry 4 .2 Unique Properties of water are identified based on
Principles characteristics of similar compounds
4 .3 Levelling effect of water is illustrated based on
chemical equilibria
4 .4 Buffering capacity of water is illustrated based on the
carbonate system
4 .5 Solubility of substances in water is determined based on
solubility rules
4 .6 Water pollution is evaluated based on type of pollutants

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 4 .7 Water treatment methods are evaluated based on
processes involved
4 .8 Wastewater treatment methods are evaluated based on
processes involved
5 .1 Physicochemical parameters of water quality are
5. Apply chemical
identified based on KEBS standards and NEMA
water quality
regulations
principles
5 .2 Chemical parameters of water quality are
identified based on KEBS water quality standards and
NEMA effluent discharge regulations
5 .3 Water and effluents for physical/chemical
analysis are sampled based on standard operating
procedures
5 .4 Physicochemical parameters of water quality are
determined based on job requirements.
5 .5 Chemical parameters of water quality are
determined based on job requirements.
5 .6 Physical and chemical water quality test reports
are interpreted based on job requirements
5 .7 Laboratory safety is observed in accordance
with GLP

6.1 Living organisms classified based on the 5 kingdom

6. Apply
system
Microbiology
6.2 Cells of organisms are classified based on structure
Principles
6.3 Microorganisms are classified based on their
ecological niche
6.4 Water related infections are identified based on
causative agents
6.5 Aquatic ecosystems are maintained based on
principles of ecology
6.6 General biosafety is observed in accordance with GLP
7.1. Microbiological limits of water quality are identified in
7. Apply microbial
accordance with on national standards and regulations
water quality
7.2. Water and effluents for microbial analysis are sampled
principles
based on standard operating procedures
7.3. Microbial parameters of water quality are determined
using light and microbiology techniques
7.4. Microbiological water quality reports are interpreted
based on national water quality standards and
regulations.

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RANGE
This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.
Variable Range

1. Quantum numbers may  Principal quantum

include but is not  Angular momentum quantum number
limited to:  Magnetic quantum number
 Electron spin quantum number
2. Electronic  Main shell rule (2n2 )
Configuration rules  Sub-shell rules
may include but is not  Hund’s rule
limited to:  Pauli Exclusion Principle
 Aufbau Principle
3. Units of concentration  equivalent weight
may include but is not  Normality
limited to:  Percentage
4. Chemical reactions  Precipitation
may include but `is not  Acid-base neutralization
limited to:  Redox
 Displacement reactions as redox reactions
5. Toxic effects may  Chronic
include but is not  acute
limited to:
6. Structure may include  Acellular
but is not limited to:  Cellular
 Prokaryotic
 Eukaryotic
7. Ecological niche may  Habitat
include but is not  Role
limited to:

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.
Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

© TVET CDACC 2019 53

  Communication
 Analytical
 Organizing
 Decision making
 Planning
 Problem solving
 Supervising
 Time management
 Instrumentation
 Standard operating procedures
 Water sampling
 Water quality testing
 Solutions preparation
 Titration
 GLP
 Report writing

Required Knowledge
 Stoichiometry
 Pathogens
 Chemical kinetics and chemical equilibria
 MSDS
 GHS
 SOPs
EVIDENCE GUIDE

This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance
criteria, required knowledge and understanding and range.

1. Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

Competency 1 .1 Determined acid-base properties of
compounds based on
1 .2 Identified hazardous chemicals based
on globally harmonized system of classification
and labeling of chemicals
1 .3 Observed general biosafety based on good
laboratory practice
1 .4 Prepared chemical solutions based on
SOPs.
1 .5 Classified plastics and polymers based on

© TVET CDACC 2019 54

 plastics identification code
1 .6 Identified aerobic and anaerobic processes
in water quality testing and wastewater
treatment based on biochemical principles
1 .7 Determined solubility of substances in water
is based on solubility rules
1 .8 . Identified unique properties of water
based on characteristics of similar compounds
1 .9 Illustrated levelling effect of water based on
chemical equilibria
1 .10 Classified microorganisms based on their
pathogenic effects.
1 .11 Conducted water quality tests based on job
requirements
1 .12 Preserved aquatic ecosystems based on
principles of ecology
1 .13 Observed safety based on GLP

2. Resource The following resources should be provided:

Implications 2.1 Periodic table
2.2 Chemicals and reagents
2.3 Analytical balances
2.4 Water quality test kits
2.5 Microscopes
2.6 Autoclave
2.7 Water bath
2.8 Basic laboratory installations
3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Written tests
3.2 Observation
3.3 Oral questioning

4. Context of Assessment may be done:

Assessment 4 .1 On–the–job
4 .2 Off-the –job
4 .3 Industrial attachment
5. Guidance information Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the
for assessment industry sector, workplace and job role is
recommended.

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 APPLY ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

UNIT CODE: WAT/CU/WET/CC/02/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION:
This unit describes the competencies required to apply engineering mathematics. It
involves applying algebra, trigonometry and hyperbolic functions, complex numbers, co-
ordinate geometry and carrying out binomial expansion. It also involves applying
calculus, solving ordinary differential equations; carrying out mensuration, power series,
statistics, numerical methods, vector theory and matrices.
This standard applies in water sector.
ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the These are assessable statements which specify the required
key outcomes which level of performance for each of the elements.
make up workplace Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
function.
1.1 Calculations involving Indices are performed as per
1. Apply Algebra the concept
1.2 Calculations involving Logarithms are performed as
per the concept
1.3 Scientific calculator is used in solving mathematical
problems in line with manufacturer’s manual
1.4 Simultaneous equations are performed as per the rules
1.5 Quadratic equations are calculated as per the concept
2. Apply 2 .1 Calculations are performed using trigonometric rules
Trigonometry and 2 .2 Calculations are performed using hyperbolic functions
hyperbolic
functions
3 .1 Complex numbers are represented using Arg and
3. Apply complex diagrams
numbers 3 .2 Operations involving complex numbers are performed
3 .3 Calculations involving complex numbers are
performed using De Moivre’s theorem
4.1 Polar equations are calculated using coordinate
4. Apply Coordinate geometry
Geometry 4.2 Graphs of given polar equations are drawn using the
Cartesian plane
4.3 Normal and tangents are determined using coordinate
geometry

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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the These are assessable statements which specify the required
key outcomes which level of performance for each of the elements.
make up workplace Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
function.
5. Carry out 5.1 Roots of numbers are determined using binomial
Binomial theorem
Expansion 5.2 Errors of small changes are determined using binomial
theorem

6. Apply Calculus 6.1 Derivatives of functions are determined using

Differentiation
6.2 Derivatives of hyperbolic functions are determined using
Differentiation
6.3 Derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions are
determined using Differentiation
6.4 Rate of change and small change are determined using
Differentiation.
6.5 Calculation involving stationery points of functions of two
variables are performed using differentiation.
6.6 Integrals of algebraic functions are determined using
integration
6.7 Integrals of trigonometric functions are determined using
integration
6.8 Integrals of logarithmic functions are determined using
integration
6.9 Integrals of hyperbolic and inverse functions are
determined using integration

7. Solve Ordinary 7.1 First order and second order differential equations are
differential solved using the method of undetermined coefficients
equations 7.2 First order and second order differential equations are
solved from given boundary conditions

8. Carry out 8.1 Perimeter and areas of figures are obtained

Mensuration 8.2 Volume and of Surface area of solids are obtained
8.3 Area of irregular figures are obtained
8.4 Areas and volumes are obtained using Pappus theorem

9. Apply Power 9.1. Power series are obtained using Taylor’s Theorem
Series 9.2. Power series are obtained using McLaurin’s ‘s
theorem

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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the These are assessable statements which specify the required
key outcomes which level of performance for each of the elements.
make up workplace Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
function.

10.1 Mean, median ,mode and Standard deviation are

10. Apply Statistics obtained from given data
10.2 Calculations are performed based on Laws of
probability
10.3 Calculation involving probability distributions ,
mathematical expectation sampling distributions are
performed
10.4 Sampling distribution methods are applied in data
analysis
10.5 Calculations involving use of standard normal table,
sampling distribution, T-distribution and Estimation are
done
10.6 Confidence intervals are determined

11. Apply Numerical 11.1. Roots of polynomials are obtained using iterative
methods numerical methods
11.2. Interpolation and extrapolation are performed using
numerical methods
12. Apply Vector 12.1 Vectors and scalar quantities are obtained in two and
theory three dimensions
12.2 Operations on vectors are performed
12.3 Position of vectors is obtained
12.4 Resolution of vectors is done

13. Apply Matrices 13.1 Determinant and inverse of 3x3 matrix are obtained
13.2 Solutions of simultaneous equations are obtained
13.3 Calculation involving Eigen values and Eigen vectors
are performed

RANGE

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 This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance criteria
apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range

1. Operations may include but  Addition

not limited to:  Subtraction
2. Hyperbolic functions may  Sinh x
include but not limited to:  Cosh x
 Cosec x
 Coth x
 Tanh x
 Sech x
3. Probability Distributions may  Binomial
include but not limited to:  Poisson
 Normal
4. Numerical Methods may  Newton Raphson
include but not limited to:  Gregory Newton

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.
Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:
2 .1 Analytical
2 .2 Communication
2 .3 Logical thinking
2 .4 Problem solving
2 .5 Drawing
2 .6 Sketching
2 .7 Interpersonal
2 .8 Organization
Required knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
2 .9 Mensuration
2 .10 Vector operations
2 .11 Matrix operations

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2 .12 Calculus
2 .13 Statistics
2 .14 Ordinary differential equations
2 .15 Power series
2 .16 Complex numbers
2 .17 Algebra
2 .18 Trigonometry and hyperbolic functions
2 .19 Coordinate Geometry
2 .20 Binomial Expansion
2 .21 Numerical methods
EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

1. Critical aspects of 1.1 Applied algebra correctly.
Competency 1.2 Applied Trigonometry and hyperbolic
functions correctly.
1.3 Applied complex numbers correctly.
1.4 Applied Calculus correctly.
1.5 Solved Ordinary differential equations
correctly.
1.6 Carried out mensuration correctly.
1.7 Applied Power Series correctly.
1.8 Applied Vector theory correctly.
1.9 Applied Matrix correctly.
1.10 Applied Numerical methods correctly.
1.11 Applied statistics correctly.
1.12 Applied binomial expansion correctly.
1.13 Applied co-ordinate geometry correctly.
The following resources should be provided:
2. Resource
2.1 Access to relevant workplace or appropriately
Implications
simulated environment where assessment can
take place
2.2 Measuring equipment
2.3 Materials relevant to the proposed activity or
tasks
Competency in this unit may be assessed through:
3. Methods of
3.1 Written tests
Assessment
3.2 Observation

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 3.3 Oral Questioning
Competency may be assessed:
4. Context of
4.1 On-the –job
Assessment
4.2 Off-the-job
4.3 Industrial attachment
Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the
5. Guidance information industry sector, workplace and job role is
for assessment recommended.

© TVET CDACC 2019 61

 APPLY WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY

UNIT CODE: WAT/OS/WET/CC/03/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competence required to apply workshop technology. It involves
applying workshop safety measures, identifying engineering materials, performing
masonry tasks, carpentry tasks, general electrical tasks and mechanical tasks. It also
involves managing workshop wastes.
ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace (Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range)
function.
1.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) are used based
1. Apply workshop on manufacturer’s instructions, Nature of hazard and
safety measures legal requirements.
1.2 Safety measures are observed based on workshop
safety rules and regulations
1.3 Safety provisions are implemented based on National
OSH guidelines
1.4 First Aid is administered based on standard operation
procedures
2 .1 Engineering materials are classified based on
2. Identify Crystalline structure and chemical make up
Engineering 2 .2 Properties of engineering materials are
Materials for identified based on conventional standards
workshop 2 .3 Engineering Materials are selected based on
operations workshop operations and engineering service
conditions
2 .4 Construction materials are selected based on
workshop operations and engineering service
conditions
3 .1 Masonry hand and machine tools are
3. Perform masonry identified selected based on job requirement
tasks 3 .2 Materials and supplies for masonry works are
identified and selected based job requirements.
3 .3 Masonry tools are used as per manufacturer’s
specifications

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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace (Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range)
function.
3 .4 Masonry tasks are performed based on
instructions.
3 .5 Masonry machines and equipment are
troubleshot and reported based on SOPs.
Masonry tools are maintained as per manufacturer’s
specifications
4.1 Carpentry hand tools and machines are identified and
4. Perform carpentry selected based job requirements.
tasks 4.2 Materials and supplies for carpentry works are
identified and selected as per job requirements
4.3 Carpentry hand tools and machines are used as per
manufacturer’s specifications
4.4 Carpentry tasks are performed based on instructions
4.5 Carpentry machines and equipment are troubleshoot
and reported based on SOPs.
4.6 Carpentry tools are maintained as per manufacturer’s
specifications
5.1 Electric and electronic circuits are interpreted as per
5. Perform general principles of flow of charge.
electrical tasks 5.2 Electrical and electronic instruments are identified
based on job requirements
5.3 Electrical and electronic measurements are conducted
based job requirements
5.4 Errors in electrical measurement are analyzed based
on IEE guidelines
5.5 Circuits diagrams are interpreted as per electric codes
and symbols
5.6 Materials and supplies are identified selected based
on job requirement
5.7 Electrical tools are used as per manufacturer’s
specifications
5.8 Electrical and electronic installations are conducted as
per manufacturers’ manuals
5.9 Electrical machines and equipment are troubleshot
and reported based on SOPs.

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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace (Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range)
function.
5.10 Electrical tools are maintained as per
manufacturer’s specifications
6.1 Plumbing hand and machine tools are identified
6. Perform plumbing selected based on job requirement
tasks 6.2 Materials and supplies for plumbing works are
identified and selected based job requirements.
6.3 Plumbing tools are used as per manufacturer’s
specifications
6.4 Plumbing tasks are performed based on instructions.
6.5 Plumping machines and equipment are troubleshoot
and reported based on SOPs.
6.6 Plumbing tools are maintained as per manufacturer’s
specifications
7.1 Welding hand and machine tools are identified
7. Perform general selected based on job requirements
welding tasks 7.2 Materials and supplies for welding works are
identified and selected based job requirements.
7.3 Welding tools are used as per manufacturer’s
specifications
7.4 Welding tasks are performed based on instructions.
7.5 Welding machines and equipment are troubleshoot
and reported based on SOPs.
7.6 Welding tools are maintained as per manufacturer’s
specifications
8.1 Mechanical hand and machine tools are identified
8. Perform selected based on job requirement
mechanical tasks 8.2 Materials and supplies for mechanical works are
identified and selected based job requirements.
8.3 Welding mechanical tools are used as per
manufacturer’s specifications
8.4 Mechanical tasks are performed based on instructions.
8.5 Mechanical machines and equipment are troubleshot
and reported based on SOPs
8.6 Mechanical tools are maintained as per
manufacturer’s specifications

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 ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace (Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range)
function.
8.7 Fluid pumping terms and units are interpreted
according to fluid machine principles
8.8 Pumps are selected based on job requirements
8.9 Fluid pumping calculations are performed based on
fluid flow principles and laws
8.10 Pump performance parameters are interpreted
based on fluid machine principles
8.11 Pumping sets are operated in accordance with
SOPs
8.12 Pump maintenance schedules are prepared
based on manufacturer’s instructions.
8.13 Maintenance tasks for pumping systems are
conducted based on SOPs.
9.1 Workshop is cleaned and waste managed and
9. Manage workshop disposed as per workplace policy and legal
wastes requirements
9.2 Recyclable supplies are cleaned and stored as per
workplace policy and legal requirement.
9.3 Non-Recyclable supplies are cleaned and stored as
per workplace policy and legal requirement.
REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE
 Communication
 Analytical
 Tools and equipment
 Safety regulations
 Mathematics
 Electrical installation
 Electric Power supply
 Engine operations
 Motor operations
 Plumbing
 Water pump operation
 Masonry
 Mortar mixing

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  General welding
 Firefighting
 Electric Circuit interpretation

SKILLS
 Critical thinking
 Problem solving
 Firefighting
 Quality control
 Circuit interpretation

EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

© TVET CDACC 2019 66

 1. Critical Aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competency 1.1 Used Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) based on
manufacturer’s instructions, Nature of hazard and
legal requirements.
1.2 Observed Safety measures based on workshop safety
rules and regulations
1.3 Implemented Safety provisions based on DoSHs
guidelines
1.4 Selected Engineering Materials based on workshop
operations and engineering service conditions
1.5 Selected Construction materials based on workshop
operations and engineering service conditions
1.6 Used masonry tools as per manufacturer’s
specifications
1.7 Performed Masonry tasks based on work instructions.
1.8 Troubleshot and reported masonry machines and
equipment based on SOPs.
1.9 Performed Carpentry tasks based on instructions
1.10 Troubleshot and reported Carpentry machines and
equipment based on SOPs.
1.11Used electrical tools as per manufacturer’s
specifications
1.12Performed Electrical tasks based on instructions.
1.13Troubleshot and reported Electrical machines and
equipment based on SOPs.
1.14Performed plumbing tasks based on instructions.
1.15Troubleshot and reported plumping machines and
equipment based on sops.
1.16Performed welding tasks based on work instructions.
1.17Troubleshot and reported Welding machines and
equipment based on SOPs.
1.18Performed mechanical tasks based on instructions.
1.19Troubleshot and reported mechanical machines and
equipment based on SOPs.
1.20Handled non-Recyclable supplies as per workplace
policy and legal requirement.

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 2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications
2 .1 Working tools and equipment
2 .2 Electrical appliances
2 .3 Training Workshops
2 .4 Plumbing materials
2 .5 Masonry materials
3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment
3.1 Written text
3.2 Interview
3.3 Observation
4. Context of Competency may be assessed
Assessment 4 .1 on the job,
4 .2 off the job
4 .3 during industrial Attachment.
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the
information for industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

© TVET CDACC 2019 68

 APPLY PHYSICS PRINCIPLES

UNIT CODE: WAT/OS/WET/CC/04/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competence required to apply principles. It involves performing
measurements of physical quantities, applying principles of classical mechanics, heat
transfer, waves and oscillations, as well as density and pressure principle. It also entails
applying electromagnetic induction principles.
This standard applies in water sector.
ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENTS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
function.
1. Perform 1.1 Basic quantities and derived quantities are identified
measurements based on the SI units
of physical 1.2 Inter conversion of units is performed in accordance with
quantities appropriate systems of measurement
. 1.3 Dimensional analysis is performed in accordance to units
of measurement
1.4 Measurements are performed using suitable instruments
in accordance with appropriate units
2. Apply 2.1 Forces and their effects are identified in accordance to
principles of work place tasks
forces 2.2 Moment of a force and its SI unit is determined in
accordance with work place tasks
2.3 Forces are resolved in accordance with workplace tasks
2.4 Resultant forces are determined as per reference
2.5 The principle of moments is applied to solve problems
as per reference
2.6 Centre of gravity of objects is determined in accordance
to moments
2.7 Laws of friction are applied as per reference
2.8 Effects of friction are identified based on experiments
2.9 Benefits of reducing friction are described as applied to
maintaining machines
2.10 Tools and equipment are operated based on standard
operating procedures (SOPs)

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 3. Apply 3.1 Laws of linear motion are applied as per job
principles of requirements.
classical 3.2 Parameters of motion are calculated based on the laws of
mechanics motion.
3.2 Force formula is derived in accordance with laws of
motion
3.3 Motion under gravity is determined in accordance to the
laws of motion
3.4 Motion graphs are drawn based on parameters of motion.
3.5 Forms of energy and energy transformations are
identified based on reference
3.6 Sources of energy are identified based on the forms of
energy
3.7 Problems on work, energy and power are solved based
on standard formulas.
4. Apply 4.1 Modes of heat transfer are identified based on the type of
principles of material
heat transfer 4.2 Heat transfer is applied based on the modes
4.3 Thermal expansion is identified based on the type of
materials
4.4 Thermal expansion is applied based on the type of
materials
5. Apply 5.1 Laws of reflection and refraction are applied to determine
principles of distance, size objects and refractive indices based on the
waves and type of material
oscillations 5.2 Properties of waves are applied based on the effects of
resonance to structures
5.3 Propagation of sound is applied to perform calculations
based on relation amplitude , wavelength, frequency,
and distance analyzed
6. Apply 6.1 Laws and principles appropriate to fluid pressure are
principles of applied in accordance with reference
density and 6.2 Atmospheric and fluid pressures are determined using
pressure pressure simple gauging instruments.
7. Apply 7.1. Concepts and terminology in electromagnetic induction
Principles of are explained based on electromagnetic principles.
Electromagnetic 7.2. Identify magnetic parameters as per relevant laws of
Induction magnetism.
7.3. Magnetic properties of materials are determined in
accordance with the orientation of the magnetic dipole

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 orientation.
7.4. Induced e.m.f. and current are identified as coupled
based on Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction.
7.5. Lenz’s law is explained based on the direction of the
induced e.m.f.
7.6. Applications of electromagnetic inductionare
demonstrated based on the requirements of water
laboratory.

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RANGE

This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range
1. Motion may  Linear
include but is not  projectile
limited to:
2. Forms of energy  Kinetic
may include but is  Potential
not limited to:

3. Types of waves  Transverse

may include but is  Longitudinal
not limited to:
4. Forms of waves  Mechanical
may include but is  Electromagnetic
not limited to:

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.
Required skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:
Generic skills
 Communication
 Analytical
 Organizing
 Decision making
 Planning
 Problem solving
 Supervising
 Time management

Technical skills:
 Measurement
 Instrumentation
 Calibration

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  Report writing
Required Knowledge
 States of matter
 Laws of motion
 Optics
 Waves

EVIDENCE GUIDE

This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance
criteria, required knowledge and understanding and range.

1. Critical aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

of Competency
1 .1 Performed measurement of the physical
quantities based on standard procedures.
1 .2 Operated and maintained optical equipment
based on SOPs
1 .3 Operated and maintained hydraulic machines
based on job requirements.
1 .4 Identified modes of heat transfer in according to
the transmission media.
1 .5 Quantity of heat is determined based on enthalpy.
1 .6 Temperature changes are illustrated based on
latent heat.
1 .7 Illustrated change in physical state based on
latent heat
1 .8 Demonstrated optical properties of light based on
principles of optics.
1 .9 Constituents of electromagnetic spectrum are
identified based on wavelength.
1 .10 Wave-particle nature of light is evaluated based on de
Broglie’s hypothesis.
1 .11 Linear propagation of light is demonstrated based on
pinhole camera.
1 .12 Evaluated pressure in fluids based on Pascal’s law.
1 .13 Evaluated fluid flow based on Bernoulli’s Principle.
1 .14 Operated Hydraulic machines based on Pascal’s law
1 .15 Interpreted simple electric circuits based on the path of
flow of charge.
1 .16 Interpreted R-L-C circuits as per the symbols.

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 1 .17 Selected materials for work based on their magnetic
properties
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2.1 Analytical balances
2.2 Micrometer screw gauge
2.3 Vernier calipers
2.4 Meter rules
2.5 Simple machines
2.6 Glass prisms
2.7 Lenses
2.8 Plane and curved mirrors
2.9 Optical bench
3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Written tests
3.2 Observations
3.3 Interviews
3.4 Third party reports

4. Context of Assessment may be done: -

Assessment 4.1 On–the–job
4.2 Off-the –job
4.3 Industrial attachment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

© TVET CDACC 2019 74

 APPLY TECHNICAL DRAWINGS AND COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
PRINCIPLES

UNIT CODE: WAT/OS/WET/CC/05/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit covers the competencies required to apply technical drawing and computer
aided design principles. It involves using and maintaining drawing equipment and
materials, producing plane geometry drawings, solid geometry drawings, 3D drawings,
and working drawings it also involves applying CAD packages in producing working
drawings.

This standard applies in water sector.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the These are assessable statements which specify the required
key outcomes which level of performance for each of the elements.
make up workplace (Bold and italicised terms are elaborated in the Range)
function
1.1 Drawing equipment are identified and gathered
1. Use and maintain
according to task requirements
drawing
1.2 Drawing materials are identified and gathered
equipment and
according to task requirements
materials
1.3 Drawing equipment are used and maintained as per
manufacturer’s instructions
1.4 Drawing materials are used as per workplace
procedures
1.5 Symbols and abbreviations are identified and their
meaning interpreted according to standard drawing
conventions
2 .1 Different types of lines used in drawing and
2. Produce plane their meanings are identified according to standard
geometry drawing conventions
drawings 2 .2 Lettering is done in accordance with BS308.
2 .3 Different types of scales are constructed and
interpreted according to standard conventions
2 .4 Different types of angles are constructed
according to standard conventions.
2 .5 Different types of geometric forms are

© TVET CDACC 2019 75

 constructed according to standard conventions
3.1 Drawings of patterns are interpreted according to
3. Produce solid standard conventions
geometry 3.2 Surface developments are produced using standard
drawings conventions
3.3 True shapes, plans and elevations are developed in
accordance with standard conventions
3.4 Freehand sketching is done based on standard format.
4.1 First and third angle orthographic drawings are
4. Produce 3D interpreted and produced in accordance with the
drawings standard conventions
4.2 Orthographic elevations are dimensioned in accordance
with standard conventions
4.3 Isometric drawings are interpreted and produced in
accordance with standard conventions
5.1 Suitable scales are identified and interpreted according
5. Produce working to standard conventions
drawings 5.2 Plans, elevations and section drawings are produced
according to standard conventions.
5.3 Cross sections and profiles of water structures are
produced according to standard conventions
5.4 Dimensioning is done to working drawings according
to standard
6.1 CAD packages are selected according to task
6. Apply CAD requirements
packages 6.2 CAD packages are applied in production of drawings

RANGE
This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable
Range

1.Geometric forms may

include but not limited to:  Circles
 Triangles
 Rectangles
 Parallelogram

© TVET CDACC 2019 76

 Variable
Range

 Polygons
 Pyramids
 conic sections
 prisms
 loci
2. Solid geometry may
 Cubes
include but not limited to:
 Cuboids
 Pyramids
 Cones
 Cylinders
 Truncated cones
 Pyramids
 Cylinders
 interpenetration
REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

 Communication
 Critical thinking
 Drawing
 Interpretation
 Drawing equipment handling
 Analysis and synthesis
 Inter personal
Required knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:

 Drawing equipment and materials

 Freehand sketching
 Lettering
 Geometrical constructions
 Types of drawings

© TVET CDACC 2019 77

  Types of lines
 Isometric drawing conventions, features, characteristics, components
 Orthographic drawing conventions, features, characteristics, components
 Sketches and drawings of simple patterns

EVIDENCE GUIDE

This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance
criteria, required knowledge and understanding and range.

Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

1. Critical Aspects
1.1. Used and maintained Drawing equipment as per
of Competency
manufacturer’s instructions
1.2. Used Drawing materials as per workplace procedures
1.3. Constructed different types of scales and interpreted
according to standard conventions.
1.4. Constructed Different types of angles according to
standard conventions.
1.5. Constructed Different types of geometric forms
according to standard conventions
1.6. Interpreted Drawings of patterns according to standard
conventions
1.7. Produced Surface developments using standard
conventions
1.8. Developed True shapes, plans and elevations in
accordance with standard conventions
1.9. Interpreted First and third angle orthographic drawings
and produced in accordance with the standard
conventions
1.10. Dimensioned Orthographic elevations in accordance
with standard conventions
1.11. Interpreted and produced isometric drawings are in
accordance with standard conventions
1.12. Applied CAD packages in production of drawings
Resources the same as that of workplace are advised to be
2. Resource
applied.
Implications
2 .1 Drawing room
2 .2 Drawing equipment and materials
2 .3 Computers

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 2 .4 CAD packages
Competency may be assessed through:
3. Methods of
3.1 Practical tests
Assessment
3.2 Observation
Competency may be assessed
4. Context of
4.1 On the job
Assessment
4.2 Off the job
4.3 During Industrial Attachment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

© TVET CDACC 2019 79

 APPLY WATER TECHNOLOGY PRINCIPLES

UNIT CODE: WAT/OS/WLT/CC/06/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competence required to apply water technology principles. It
involves applying basic water supply principles, principles of wastewater collection and
treatment. It also involves applying basic hydraulics and irrigation and drainage
principles.

This standard applies in the water sector.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
(Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range)
1.1 Water demand is calculated based on use.
1. Apply basic 1.2 Sources of water are established based on demand and
water particular use.
supply 1.3 Water treatment technologies are employed based on water
principles quality.
1.4 Water pipes and appurtenances are assessed based on the
design
1.5 Water supply symbols are interpreted based on international
standards
1.6 Water distribution systems are evaluated based on design
1.7 Water storage structures are evaluated based on water
system
1.8 Work safety is observed based on code of practice

2 .1 Properties of fluids are identified based on standards

2. Apply basic 2 .2 Tools and equipment are identified based on fluid
hydraulic properties
principles 2 .3 Hydraulic principles are applied based on the types of
fluids
3.1 Wastewater is characterized based on source.
3. Apply basic 3.2 Industrial wastewater sources are characterizedbased on
wastewater wastewater characteristics
collection 3.3 Sewer system layout is sketched based on sewerage design
and manual
treatment 3.4 Sewerage systems are selected based on best practice.
principles

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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
(Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range)
1.1 Water demand is calculated based on use.
1. Apply basic 1.2 Sources of water are established based on demand and
water particular use.
supply 1.3 Water treatment technologies are employed based on water
principles quality.
1.4 Water pipes and appurtenances are assessed based on the
design
1.5 Water supply symbols are interpreted based on international
standards
1.6 Water distribution systems are evaluated based on design
1.7 Water storage structures are evaluated based on water
system
1.8 Work safety is observed based on code of practice

2 .1 Properties of fluids are identified based on standards

2. Apply basic 2 .2 Tools and equipment are identified based on fluid
hydraulic properties
principles 2 .3 Hydraulic principles are applied based on the types of
fluids
3.5 Sewer appurtenances are identified based on sewer code.
3.6 Wastewater treatment processes are selected based on
wastewater characteristics.
3.7 Wastewater symbols and coding are interpreted based on
international standards.
3.8 Wastewater recycling and reuse applications are utilized
based on national policy.
3.9 Sludge treatment processes are identified based on
characteristics.
3.10 Work safety is observed according to code of practice.

4. Apply basic 4.1 Crop water requirement is determined based on agronomic

irrigation requirements.
and 4.2 Quality of irrigation water is analyzed based on national
drainage standards.
principles 4.3 Irrigation methods are evaluatedbased on the type of crop,
type of soil, resources available, quantity and quality of water
4.4 Work safety is observed based on code of practice

© TVET CDACC 2019 81

RANGE
This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.
Variable Range
1. Water treatment
techniques may  Household
include but is not  Membrane filtration
limited to:  Conventional processes
2. Properties of fluids  Viscosity
may include but not  Density
limited to  Mass
 Volume
 Compressibility
 Pressure
 Surface tension
 Specific gravity
 Specific weight
3. Tools, equipment and  Manometers
facilities for  Venturimeters
hydraulics may  Pitot tubes
include but not  Orifice meter
limited to  Orifices
 V-notches
 Weirs
 Channels
 Hydraulic bench
4. Hydraulics principles  Hydrostatics
may include but not  Hydrodynamics
limited to  Pipe flow
 Open channel flow
5. Effluent discharge  Public sewers
Regulations may  Environment
include but is not
limited to:
6. Sewerage systems  Separate
may include but is not  Combined
limited to:

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  Partially separate
7. Wastewater treatment  Conventional:
processes may include  Physical
but is not limited to:  Biological
 Sludge treatment
 Advanced:
 Carbon adsorption
 Ion exchange
 Membrane processes
 Chemical methods
 Biological methods
 Land treatment systems
 Direct reuse
8. Wastewater recycling  Indirect potable reuse
and reuse applications
 Direct potable reuse
may include but not
 Planned reuse
limited to:
 Reclaimed wastewater
 Unplanned reuse
 Agricultural irrigation
 Land scape irrigation
 Industrial recycling and reuse
 Ground water recharge
 Non potable urban reuse
 Potable reuse
 Thickening
9. Sludge treatment  Stabilization
processes may
 Digestion
include but not
 Conditioning
limited to:
 Disinfection
 Dewatering
 Drying
 Processing:
10. Industrial wastewater  Food
sources may include
 Textiles
but not limited to:
 Tannery
 Manufacturing:
 Paper

© TVET CDACC 2019 83

  Detergents and cosmetics
 Agrochemicals

11. Irrigation methods  Surface methods

may include but is not  Subsurface methods
limited to:  Overhead methods
REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE
This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency

Required Knowledge
 Tools and equipment
 Safety regulations
 Mathematics
 Water cycle
 Water pipes
 Plumbing
 Water pump operation
 Pipe fitting

Skills
 Communication
 Analytical
 Critical thinking
 Problem solving
 Firefighting
 Quality control
 Circuit interpretation
EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

1. Critical Aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

of Competency 1.1 Calculated water demand based on the particular water
use
1.2 Established sources of water based on the water demand
and particular use
1.3 Employed water treatment technologies based water
quality

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 1.4 Identified water pipes and appurtenances based on
design
1.5 Interpreted water supply symbols based on international
standards.
1.6 Interpreted water distribution systems based on the
design.
1.7 Developed water storage structures based on water
system
1.8 appliedhydraulic principles based on the types of fluids
1.9 Selected sewer system layout based on sewerage design
manual
1.10 Characterized wastewater based on effluent discharge
regulations
1.11 Selected wastewater treatment processes based on
wastewater characteristics
1.12 Interpreted wastewater symbols based on international
standards.
1.13 Interpreted wastewater colour codes based on
international standards.
1.14 Determined crop water requirements based on
agronomic requirements.
1.15 Analyzed quality of irrigation water based on national
regulations
1.16 Applied irrigation methods based on the crop
requirements
1.17 Determined method of drainage based on crop water
requirement, type of soil, quantity and quality of water.
1.18 Observed work safety according to code of practice

2. Resource The following resources should be provided:

Implications 2 .1 Water distribution system models
2 .2 Population forecasting charts
2 .3 Water supply symbols charts
2 .4 Wastewater symbols chart
2 .5 Wastewater pipes
2 .6 Plumbing supplies and equipment
2 .7 Water quality laboratory supplies and equipment
2 .8 Soil water, plant relationship chart
2 .9 Drainage models
2 .10 PPE

© TVET CDACC 2019 85

 3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Written tests
3.2 Interviews
3.3 Observations
4. Context of Assessment may be done: -
Assessment 4.1 On–the–job
4.2 Off-the –job
4.3 Industrial attachment
5 Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

© TVET CDACC 2019 86

 APPLY WATER MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES

UNIT CODE: WAT/OS/WLT/CC/07/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION

This unit describes the competencies required to apply water management principles. It
involves applying hydrology, hydrogeology as well as soil and water conservation,
remote sensing and GIS principles. It also entails applying water policy and legislation as
well integrated water resources management principles.

This standard applies in the water sector.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

These describe the These are assessable statements which specify the required
key outcomes which level of performance for each of the elements.
make up workplace Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
function.
1. Apply 1 .1 Identify hydrological processes based on hydrological
hydrology cycle.
principles 1 .2 Hydrological measurementsare conducted based on job
requirements.
1 .3 Safety in hydrometry is observed based on OSH.
2. Apply 2 .1 Identify hydrogeological processes based on geophysical
hydrogeology principles.
principles 2 .2 Geological formationsare identified based on
geochemistry principles.
2 .3 Hydrogeological reports are interpreted based on
hydrogeological surveys.
3. Apply soil and 3 .1 Water and soil status is evaluated based on work
water environment.
conservation 3 .2 Soil erosion is controlled based on best practices.
principles 3 .3 Water conservation practices are demonstrated based
on environment.
4. Apply remote 3 .4 Remote sensing and GIS tools are identified based on
sensing and job requirements
GIS principles 3 .5 Remote sensing and GIS data is collected based on
SOPs.
3 .6 Remote sensing and GIS data is interpreted based on

© TVET CDACC 2019 87

 work requirements.
5. Apply water 5.1 Water resources are managed in accordance with national
policy and water policy.
legislation 5.2 Water and sanitation services are provided in accordance
with legislative and regulatory framework.
6. Applied 6 .1 Principles of IWRM are identifiedas per Dublin
integrated Statements.
water 6 .2 IWRM practices are demonstrated based on work
resources environment.
management
principles

RANGE
This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance criteria
apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.
Variable Range
1. Hydrological data  Rainfall
may include but not  Humidity
limited to:  evaporation
 Temperature
2. Geological  Rocks
formations may  Aquifers
include but not
limited to:
3. Remote sensing and  Hardware
GIS tools may  Software
include but not
limited to:
4. Remote sensing and  Water quality
GIS data may  land cover
include but not
limited to:
5. Water laws may  National
include but not  Regional
limited to:

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

© TVET CDACC 2019 88

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.
Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:
 Communication
 Analytical
 Logical thinking
 Problem solving
 Measurement
 Data analysis
 Record keeping
 Organizing
 Decision making
 Planning
 Supervising
 Time management
 Reporting
 Instrumentation
 Remote sensing
 GIS
Required knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 Water Act
 Water law
 Legislation
 Hydrogeology basics
 National water and sanitation policy
 Community development
 Gender mainstreaming
 GPS
 OSH

EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

© TVET CDACC 2019 89

 1. Critical Assessment requires that the candidate:
aspects of
Competency 1 .1 Identified hydrological processes based on the
hydrological cycle.
1 .2 Conducted hydrological measurements based on job
requirements.
1 .3 Observed safety in hydrometry based on OSH.
1 .4 Identified geological formations based on geochemistry
principles.
1 .5 Interpreted Hydrogeological reports are based on
hydrogeological surveys.
1 .6 Collected remote sensing and GIS data based on SOPs.
1 .7 is interpreted remote sensing and GIS data based on
work requirements
1 .8 Demonstrated soil and water conservation practices
based national policy.
1 .9 Performed work in accordance in accordance with the
national legal and regulatory framework.
1 .10 Utilized water resources and services in accordance
with IWRM principles.
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2 .1 Basic Meteorological measuring equipment
2 .2 GPS receivers
2 .3 Maps
2 .4 Computers
2 .5 Software

3. Methods of Competency in this unit may be assessed through:

Assessment 3.1 Observation
3.2 Oral Questioning
3.3 Written tests
3.4 Third party reports
4. Context of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment 4 .1 On–the–job
4 .2 Off-the –job
4 .3 Industrial attachment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the water
information sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
for
assessment

© TVET CDACC 2019 90

 CORE UNITS OF COMPETENCY

© TVET CDACC 2019 91

 DESIGN WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE

UNIT CODE: WAT/OS/WET/CR/01/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit covers the competencies required to design water supply infrastructure. It
involves conducting feasibility study and site survey for water supply design
infrastructure, collecting water supply infrastructure design data, determining water
supply infrastructure design data and calculating of water supply infrastructure design
parameters. It also entails drawing water supply infrastructure units and preparing water
supply infrastructure design reports.
This standard applies in Water Industry.
ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key
These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make
level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace
Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
function
1.1 Desktop study is conducted based on job
requirement.
1. Conduct
1.2 Reconnaissance survey is conducted based on
feasibility study
desktop study.
1.3 Feasibility report is prepared based on
reconnaissance survey.
2. Conduct site 2 .1 Survey tools and equipment are identified
survey for water based on the site conditions and required data.
supply design 2 .2 Site survey is carried out based on job
infrastructure requirements.
2 .3 Survey report is prepared based on SOPs.
3. Collect water 3.1 Tools and equipment for design data collection are
supply prepared based on information required.
infrastructure 3.2 Design datais collected based on SOPs.
design data
4. Determine water 4.1 Design data is analyzed organized based on SOPs.
supply 4.2 Design data is presented based on SOPs.
infrastructure 4.3 Water supply infrastructure design parameters are
design parameters calculated based on design codes.
5. Analyze structural 5.1 Properties of materials are identified based on job
elements for water requirements
supply 5.2 Section properties of elements are analyzed based on

© TVET CDACC 2019 92

 infrastructure the materials
5.3 Structural elements are analyzed based on materials
and loadings
5.4 Structural elements are designed based on design
codes
5.5 Structural drawings are produced based on the design
6. Draw water 5.1 Drawing tools and equipment are determined based
supply on job requirements.
infrastructure 5.2 Water supply infrastructure units are drawn based on
units the design parameters.
5.3 Water supply infrastructure drawings are submitted
for approval as per legal requirements.
7. Prepare water 6.1 Bill of quantities is prepared based on the design.
supply 6.2 Design report is compiled prepared as per statutory
infrastructure regulation
design report 6.3 Design report is submitted as per statutory
regulations.

RANGE

This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variables Range
1. Water supply  Intake works
infrastructure  Treatment works
may include  Storage works
but not limited  Distribution systems
to:

© TVET CDACC 2019 93

 2. Design Tunnels and channels
parameters may  Cross-sectional area
include but not  Slope
limited to:  Wetted perimeter
 Depth
 Diameter
 Width
 Discharge
 Velocity
 Loads on tunnels
Dams
 Reservoir capacity
 Embankment height
 Crest width
 Bottom width
 Slope
 Spillway discharge
 Outlet pipeline diameter
 Freeboard
 Forces and failure modes
3. Surveying tools  GIS software
and equipment  Theodolite
may include  Dumpy level
but not limited  Total station
to:  Levelling staff
 Booking sheet
4. Drawing tools  CAD Software
and equipment  Pencils
may include  Ruler
but not limited  T-square
to:  Scale rule
 Eraser
 Set square
 Drawing board

© TVET CDACC 2019 94

 5. Tools for  Stop watch
design data  Checklists
collection may  Questionnaires
include but not  Stationery
limited to:  Sampling equipment
6. Properties of  Stress
material may  Strain
include but not  Elasticity
limited to  Plasticity
 Stiffness
 Young’s modulus
7. Section  Centroids
properties of  Centre of gravity
materials may  1st moment of area
include but not  2nd moment of area
limited to  Section modulus
 Radius of gyration
8. Structural  Reinforced concrete structures
elements may  Timber structures
include but not  Steel structures
limited to
REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills

The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

Generic skills:

 Communication
 Analytical
 Organizing
 Decision making
 Planning
 Record keeping
 Problem solving
 First aid
 Supervising

© TVET CDACC 2019 95

  Organizing
 Time management
 Supervision

Technical Skills:

 Analysis
 Reporting
 Trouble shooting
 Data logging
 Surveying
 Design
 Soil analysis
 Hydraulics
 Measurement
 Technical drawing
 CAD
 GIS
Required Knowledge

The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:

 Technical specifications
 Statutory regulations
 OSH
 Quality Assurance
 Wastewater treatment technologies
 Basic statistics
 EIA
EVIDENCE GUIDE

This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills, knowledge and range.

1. Critical Aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

of Competency 1.1 Conducted desktop study based on job requirement.
1.2 Conducted reconnaissance survey is based on
desktop study.
1.3 Prepared feasibility report based on reconnaissance
survey.
1.4 Mapped area based on feasibility study

© TVET CDACC 2019 96

 1.5 Collected data based on SOPs.
1.6 Calculated design parameters in accordance with
water supply design manual.
1.7 Prepared design drawings based on calculated
parameters.
1.8 Prepared bill of quantities based on the design
drawings
1.9 Prepared design report based on job requirement
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications Laboratory
2 .1 Soil
2 .2 Survey
2 .3 Hydrology
2 .4 Water quality
2 .5 Computer
2 .6 Software
3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Written assessment
3.2 Presentation
3.3 Oral interview
3.4 Observation
3.5 Third party report
4. Context of Competency may be assessed:
Assessment 4 .1 On the job
4 .2 Off the job
4 .3 In work placement
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended
assessment

© TVET CDACC 2019 97

 CONSTRUCT WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE

UNIT CODE: WAT/OS/WET/CR/02/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION

This unit covers the competencies required to construct water supply infrastructure. It
involves analysing properties, organizing the construction site, prepare construction
schedule and constructing the water supply infrastructure.

This standard applies in water industry.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key
These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make
level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace
Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
function
1. Analyze soil 1 .1 Soil analysis tools, supplies and materials are
properties identified and gathered based on available resources and
the tests to be conducted
1 .2 Engineering properties of soils are identified based on
the soils classification
1 .3 Properties of soils are analyzed based on the standard
procedures
1 .4 Soil analysis report is prepared based on the results.
2. Prepare 2 .1 Engineering drawings are interpreted based on the
construction engineering codes
schedule 2 .2 Construction activities are identified based on scope
of work
2 .3 Project management timelines are prepared based on
project specifications
3. Organize the 3 .1 Site is cleared and secured based on the contract
construction document.
Site 3 .2 Human resources, construction plant and equipment
are identified and mobilized based on the contract
document
3 .3 Site infrastructures are put in place based on contract
document and legal requirements.
4. Construct the 4 .1 Construction materials and tools are sourced and

© TVET CDACC 2019 98

 water supply mobilized based on the bill of quantities
infrastructure 4 .2 Infrastructure is set out based on the engineering
units drawings.
4 .3 Water supply infrastructure units are constructed
based on the design drawings
4 .4 Labor payments are done based on the progress report
and attendance.
4 .5 As-built drawings are prepared and submitted based
on the actual construction
4 .6 Payment certificate is prepared based on progress
report.
4 .7 Completion certificate is prepared based on the legal
requirements
RANGE

This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variables Range
1. Soil analysis tools,  Sieve analysis
supplies and  PI index
materials may  Odometer tests
include but is not  Cassagrande
limited to:  Cone penetrometer
 Sand replacement
 Moisture content
 California Bearing Ratio
 Proctor
 Triaxial test
2. Construction  Excavation
activities of water  Concrete works
supply  Compaction
infrastructure may  Pipe laying and jointing
include but not  Timbering to trenches
limited to:
 Backfilling
 Alignment
 Formwork
 Well casing/lining

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 3. Site infrastructures  Site office
may include but  Site store
not limited to:  Ablution block
 Fence
 Signage/safety signs
 Hoarding
4. Materials and  Materials and supplies
supplies required  Coarse aggregate
for water supply  Fine aggregate
infrastructure  Cement
construction may  Water
include but not
 Steel bars
limited to:
 Timber
 Iron sheets
 Conduits/ Pipes
 Steel-sheets
 Dumb-proof course
 Paints and varnishes
 Celling boards
 Wire-mesh
 Construction stones and blocks
 Nails
 Filter blanket
 Filter media
 Valves
 Pipes and pipe fittings
5. Construction of  Treatment works
water supply  Pipelines
infrastructure may  Intakes
include but not  Electromechanical works
limited to:  Retention structures
 Storage structures
 Open channels

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 6. Tools and  Diestocks
equipment required  Pipe wrenches
for construction of  Excavators
water supply  Adjustable spanners
infrastructure may  Plumbing vice
include but not
 Rollers
limited to:
 Graders
 Clamping vice
 Hammers
 Hack saws
 Pipe reamers
 Concrete mixers
 Spirit level
 Threading machines
 Vibrators
 Compactor
 Personal protective equipment
 Computer software
 Plump bob
 Tape measures
 Water level

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills

The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

 Communication
 Analytical
 Organizing
 Decision making
 Planning
 Reporting
 Record keeping
 Problem solving
 First aid

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  Performance appraising
 Supervising
 Trouble shooting
 Time management
 Data logging
 Technical drawing
 Computer Aided drawing
 Excavation

Required Knowledge

The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:

 Construction plant and equipment

 Site organization
 Excavation
 Construction materials
 Construction management
 Contract document development
 Technical specifications
 Measurement and costing
 Project planning
 Construction of water supply infrastructure
 Statutory regulations

EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

1. Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

competency
1 .1 Analyzed properties of soils based on the
standard procedures
1 .2 Prepared soil analysis report based on the
results.
1 .3 Prepared project management timelines
based on project specifications
1 .4 Constructed site infrastructures based on
contract document and legal requirements.
1 .5 Constructed water supply infrastructure
units based on the design drawings

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 1 .6 Prepared Completion certificate based on the
legal requirements
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications
1. Adequately equipped concrete lab
2. Adequately equipped soils laboratory
3. Survey Equipment
4. Construction tools and equipment
5. Adequately equipped timber workshop
6. Plumbing and pipe fitting workshop
7. Electromechanically workshop
8. Diestocks
9. Pipe wrenches
10. Adjustable spanners
11. Clamping vice
12. Hammers
13. Hack saws
14. Spirit level
15. Vibrators
16. Personal protective equipment
17. Computer software
18. Course aggregates
19. Fine aggregates
20. Cement
21. Water
22. Pipes
23. Appurtenances
24. Steel bars
25. Timber
26. Formwork
27. Iron sheets
28. Conduits
29. Steel-sheets
30. Dumb-proof course
31. Paints and varnishes
32. Wire-mesh
33. Construction stones and blocks
34. Nails
35. Filter blanket
36. Filter media
3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:

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 Assessment 3.1 Observation
3.2 Written tests
3.3 Third party reports
4. Context of Competency may be assessed:
Assessment 4.1 On the job
4.2 Off the job
4.3 In work placement (attachment)
Off the job assessment must be undertaken in a closely
simulated workplace environment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended
assessment

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 OPERATE AND MAINTAIN WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE

UNIT CODE: WAT/OS/WET/CR/03/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION

This unit covers the competencies required to operate and maintain water supply
infrastructure. It involves preparing operation and maintenance schedules, operating
water supply system maintaining water supply systems, Operate and maintain point of
use treatment units and operate and maintain community water supply schemes.

This standard applies in water industry.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT
These describe the PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
key outcomes These are assessable statements which specify the required level
which make up of performance for each of the elements.
workplace Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
function

1. Prepare 1.1 Operation and maintenance tasks are identified based on

operation the water supply system
and 1.2 Required operation and maintenance resources are
maintenance determined based on tasks
schedules 1.3 Operation and maintenance manual is prepared based on
Standard Operating Procedures
1.4 Operation and maintenance schedule is prepared based
on operation and maintenance manual

2. Operate and 2.1. Routine operation is carried out based on operation and
maintain maintenance manual.
water 2.2. Routine maintenance is carried out based on
supply maintenance schedule
system 2.3. Machine service and calibration is carried out based on
manufactures specification
2.4. Operation and maintenance reports are prepared based
on operation and maintenance manual

3.1 Tools and equipment required for maintenance of point

3. Operate and of use treatment units are identified and acquired based

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 on the water distribution system
maintain 3.2 Point of use treatment units are monitored and
point of use inspected based on the design specifications
treatment 3.3 Point of use treatment units monitoring report are
units prepared based on best practices.
3.4 Appropriate rehabilitation is conducted based on
monitoring report findings.
4. Operate and 4.1 Community level operations are identified depending on
maintain the community needs
community 4.2 Community level operations are scheduled based on the
water identified local capacity
supply 4.3 Operations are initiated and conducted within the
schemes community based on schedule
4.4 Operations are maintained within the community based
on community agreements
RANGE

This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variables Range
1. Operation and maintenance  Human resource
resources may include and not  Tools and equipment
limited to:
 Vehicle and machinery
2. Point of use treatment units may  Particulate filters
include and not limited to:  Reverse osmosis
 Ion exchange
 Adsorption filters
3. Community level operation and  Springs
maintenance may include and  Shallow wells
not limited to
 Pans
 Sand dams
REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills

The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

 Communication

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  Analytical
 Organizing
 Decision making
 Planning
 Reporting
 Record keeping
 Problem solving
 First aid
 Performance appraising
 Supervising
 Trouble shooting
 Time management
 Data logging
 Technical drawing
 Computer Aided drawing

Required Knowledge

The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:

 Operation and maintenance of water supply infrastructure

 Water quality test
 Water quality standards
 Electromechanical equipment and machines
 Dam monitoring operation and maintenance
 Quality management system
 Plant operation and maintenance
 Statistics
 Metering
 Zoning concept
 Pressure management
 Leak detection and repair
 Water balance
EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

1. Critical Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

Aspects of
Competency 1.1 Identified operation and maintenance tasks based on the

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 water supply system
1.2 Determined operation and maintenance resources based on
tasks
1.3 Prepared operation and maintenance manual based on
Standard Operating Procedures
1.4 Prepared operation and maintenance schedule based on
operation and maintenance manual
1.5 Carried out routine operation based on operation and
maintenance manual
1.6 Carried out routine maintenance based on maintenance
schedule
1.7 Carried out machine service and calibration based on
manufactures specification
1.8 Prepared operation and maintenance reports based on
operation and maintenance manual
1.9 Computed Water balance based on non-revenue water
manual
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications
2.1 Construction tools and equipment
2.2 Construction material and supplies
2.3 Water supply system models
2.4 Laboratories
 Survey
 Soil
 Water quality
2.5 Workshops
 Construction
 Plumbing and Pipework

3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:

Assessment
3.1 Written assessment
3.2 Presentation
3.3 Oral interview
3.4 Observation
3.5 Construction reports
3.6 Practical assessment
4. Context of Competency may be assessed:
Assessment 4.1 On the job

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 4.2 Off the job
4.3 In work placement (attachment)
Off the job assessment must be undertaken in a closely simulated
workplace environment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information sector, workplace and job role is recommended
for
assessment

© TVET CDACC 2019 109

 MANAGE NON-REVENUE WATER

UNIT CODE: WAT/OS/WET/CR/04/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION

This unit covers the competencies required to manage non-revenue water. It involves
analysis of water balance, management of technical losses (physical losses), management
of commercial losses and management of customer service connections.

This standard applies in water industry.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the These are assessable statements which specify the required
key outcomes which level of performance for each of the elements.
make up workplace
function Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
1. Analyze water 1 .1 Tools and equipment for collecting data are
balance prepared based on area of coverage
1 .2 System input and output data is obtained based
on needs assessment
1 .3 Water balance is computed based on non-
revenue water manual
2. Manage 2 .1 Tools and equipment for collecting data for
technical technical losses management are identified and
losses(physical sourced based on area of coverage
losses) 2 .2 Distribution system is mapped based on the
area of coverage
2 .3 Points of technical losses are identified and
mapped based on the area of coverage
2 .4 Causes of technical losses are identified based
on the non-revenue water management manual
2 .5 Technical losses are managed based on the
causes identified
3. Manage 3.1 Tools and equipment for collecting data for
commercial commercial losses management are prepared based on
losses area of coverage
3.2 Points of commercial losses are identified and mapped
based on the area of coverage
3.3 Causes of commercial losses are identified based on

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 the coverage area
3.4 Commercial losses are managed based on the causes
identified
4. Manage 4.1 Connection tools, equipment, material and labour are
customer identified and sourced based on the reconnaissance
service report
connections 4.2 Water pipeline is connected based on the connection
schedule
4.3 The connection is updated in the system based on the
executed works
4.4 The meter is identified and sourced based the
connection requirement
4.5 The meter is tested based on specification in the
contract document
4.6 The meter is installed based on the pipe size and
customer classification

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RANGE

This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variables Range
1. Tools and equipment  Mattocks
used for collecting  Jembes
non-revenue water  Spades
data and management  Personal protective equipment
may include but not  Toolbox
limited to:
 Stop watch
 Measuring cylinder
 Thread tapes
 Measuring tapes
 Vanier caliper
 Stationery
 Meter reading tools (geo-referenced phones )
 Computer software
 Vehicles
 GPS
 Fusing machine
 Gas flame lamp
 Welding machines
 Cutting/grinding machine
 Cutting disc
 Excavator
 Grinding disc
 Dewatering pump
 Meter testing benches
 Leak detectors
 Computers
 Software
 Meters
 GPS
 Flow Meters
 Smart Meters

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 2. Materials used for Materials
non-revenue water  Pipe fittings
management may  Meter fittings
include but not  Hemp
limited to:

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills

The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

 Communication
 Analytical
 Organizing
 Decision making
 Planning
 Reporting
 Record keeping
 Problem solving
 First aid
 Performance appraising
 Supervising
 Trouble shooting
 Time management
 Data logging
 Technical drawing
 Computer Aided drawing
Required Knowledge

The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:

 Metering
 Water balance
 Leak detection and repair
 Pressure management
 Zoning
 Geographic information system
 Data capture

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  Non-revenue water management
 Customer care relations
 Pipes(types, repairs and maintenance)
 Plumbing and pipefitting

EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

1. Critical Aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

Competency
1.1 Obtained system input and output data based on
needs assessment
1.2 Computed water balance based on non-revenue
water manual
1.3 Mapped distribution system based on the area of
coverage
1.4 Managed technical losses based on the causes
identified
1.5 Managed commercial losses based on the causes
identified
1.6 installed water meter based on the pipe size and
customer classification
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications
2.1 Mattocks
2.2 Jembes
2.3 Spades
2.4 Spanners
2.5 Toolbox
2.6 Thread tapes
2.7 Hack saw
2.8 Measurement tapes
2.9 Computer software
2.10 Personal protective equipment
2.11 Vehicle
2.12 Fusing machine
2.13 Gas flame lamp
2.14 Welding machines
2.15 Cutting/grinding machine
2.16 Cutting disc

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 2.17 GPS
2.18 Meter
2.19 Pipes
2.20 Pipe fittings
2.21 Pipe adhesives
2.22 Thread tape
2.23 Hemp
3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment
3.1 Written assessment
3.2 presentation
3.3 Oral interview
3.4 Observation
3.5 Practical assessment
4. Context of Competency may be assessed:
Assessment 4.1 On the job
4.2 Off the job
4.3 In work placement (attachment)
Off the job assessment must be undertaken in a closely
simulated workplace environment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

© TVET CDACC 2019 115