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Module 1Q4 Eng

The document discusses key technical terms used in research including concept, theory, variables, hypothesis, and sampling. Concepts describe objects, phenomena, or ideas. A theory explains a particular phenomenon using organized concepts and principles. Variables are qualities that can take different values. A hypothesis provides a tentative explanation of a phenomenon under investigation. Sampling is selecting representatives of a larger population to understand that population.

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8 views

Module 1Q4 Eng

The document discusses key technical terms used in research including concept, theory, variables, hypothesis, and sampling. Concepts describe objects, phenomena, or ideas. A theory explains a particular phenomenon using organized concepts and principles. Variables are qualities that can take different values. A hypothesis provides a tentative explanation of a phenomenon under investigation. Sampling is selecting representatives of a larger population to understand that population.

Uploaded by

caztertroyy11
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Distinguish Technical Terms Used in Research

MODULE 1:
Lesson 1: TECHNICAL TERMS IN RESEARCH

Why is research important? Well, the main purpose of research is to inform action, to prove a
theory, and contribute to developing knowledge in a field or study.

What is “Research?” Research can be defined as “a systematic and scientific procedure of data
collection, compilation, analysis, interpretation, and implication pertaining to any problem.” It
involves the quest for answers to unsolved problems. Moreover, research methods may be defined
as “a systematic and scientific procedure of data collection, compilation, analysis, interpretation,
and implication pertaining to any problem (Bajpai, 2011, p.4).

Research is collecting data and information, learning and finding new things. It is also an advanced
knowledge which follows a systematic process of collecting and analyzing information in order to
understand more the phenomena under study. Action research, thesis, dissertation, and case study
are examples of research.

TECHNICAL TERMS IN RESEARCH

1.Concept is a term that abstractly describes and names an object, a phenomenon, or an idea.
Examples of concepts include common demographic measures:
- Income – P5,000 – P8,000
- Age – 18 y/o – 20 y/o
- Education Level – High School Graduate, College Graduate, Post Graduate
- Number of Siblings – 3 siblings in the family, 4 or more siblings in the family

2.Theory is an organized body of concepts and principles intended to explain a particular


phenomenon.
Examples include the theory of relativity, atomic theory, theory of
evolution, and quantum theory.

3.Variables are any quality of a person, group subject, event, condition or situation that varies or
takes on different values.
Examples are age, sex, business income and expenses, country of
birth, capital expenditure, class grades, eye color and
vehicle type
4.Hypothesis is a logical supposition, a reasonable guess, and educated conjecture. It provides a
tentative explanation of a phenomenon under investigation.
For example, a researcher might be interested in the relationship between study habits and test
anxiety. The researcher would propose a hypothesis about how these two variables are related,
such as "Test anxiety decreases as a result of effective study habits."
5. Sampling it is the process of selecting participants who are representatives of a larger
population – gain an understanding of a larger population.
For example, a random sample may include choosing the names of 25 employees out of a hat in a company of
250 employees. The population is all 250 employees, and the sample is random because each employee has an
equal chance of being chosen.

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