Optimization [166 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 16] SPM.1.SL.TZ0.8

Let f (x) =
1

3
3
x
2
+ x − 15x + 17.

(a) Find f ′ (x). [2]

Markscheme

′
f (x) = x
2
+ 2x − 15 (M1)A1

[2 marks]

The graph of f has horizontal tangents at the points where x = a and x = b, a < b.

(b) Find the value of a and the value of b. [3]

Markscheme

correct reasoning that f ′ (x) = 0 (seen anywhere) (M1)

2
x + 2x − 15 = 0

valid approach to solve quadratic M1

(x − 3) (x + 5), quadratic formula

correct values for x

3, −5

correct values for a and b

 a= −5 and b = 3 A1

[3 marks]

(c.i) Sketch the graph of y = f (x).

′
[1]

Markscheme

A1
 [1 mark]

(c.ii) Hence explain why the graph of f has a local maximum point at x = a. [1]

Markscheme

first derivative changes from positive to negative at x = a A1

so local maximum at x = a AG

[1 mark]

(d.i) Find f ′′ (b). [3]

Markscheme
 f
′′
(x) = 2x + 2 A1

substituting their b into their second derivative (M1)

′′
f (3) = 2 × 3 + 2

f
′′
(b) = 8 (A1)

[3 marks]

(d.ii) Hence, use your answer to part (d)(i) to show that the graph of f has a
local minimum point at x = b. [1]

Markscheme

(b) is positive so graph is concave up R1

′′
f

so local minimum at x = b AG

[1 mark]
(e) The normal to the graph of f at x = a and the tangent to the graph of f at
x = b intersect at the point ( p, q) .

Find the value of p and the value of q. [5]

Markscheme

normal to f at x = a is x = −5 (seen anywhere) (A1)

attempt to find y-coordinate at their value of b (M1)

f (3) = −10 (A1)

tangent at x = b has equation y = −10 (seen anywhere) A1

intersection at (−5, −10)

p= −5 and q = −10 A1

[5 marks]
2. [Maximum mark: 13] 23M.1.SL.TZ1.7
The function h is defined by h(x) = 2xe + 3, for x ∈
x
R. The following diagram shows part
of the graph of h, which has a local minimum at point A.

(a) Find the value of the y-intercept. [2]

Markscheme

substitution of x = 0 (M1)

(y =) 3 (accept (0, 3)) A1

[2 marks]
(b) Find h′(x). [2]

Markscheme

evidence of using the product rule (M1)

h′(x) = 2e
x
+ 2xe
x
A1

[2 marks]

(c) Hence, find the coordinates of A. [5]

Markscheme

setting their derivative equal to zero (M1)

correct working (A1)

2e (1 + x) (= 0) OR −2x = 2
x

x = −1 (seen anywhere, and must follow on from their derivative) A1

substituting their value of x into h(x) (M1)

y = −
2

e
+ 3(= −2e
−1
+ 3) A1

2
A(−1, − + 3)
e

[5 marks]
(d.i) Show that h′′(x) = (2x + 4)e
x
. [2]

Markscheme

h′′(x) = 2e
x x
+ 2e + 2xe
x
OR 2e
x x
+ 2e (1 + x) A1A1

Note: Award A1 for (2ex)′= 2e

x
, A1 for 2ex + 2xex or (2x + 2)ex

h′′(x) = (2x + 4)e

x
AG

[2 marks]
(d.ii) Find the values of x for which the graph of h is concave-up. [2]

Markscheme

recognition that h′′> 0 OR attempt to find point of inflexion (M1)

since ex > 0, 2x + 4 > 0 OR 2x + 4 = 0 (⇒ x = −2)

x > −2 A1

[2 marks]
3. [Maximum mark: 8] 22N.2.AHL.TZ0.9
Consider a quadrilateral ABCD such that AB = 2, BC = 4, CD = 6 and DA = 8, as

shown in the following diagram. Let α = AB̂C and β = AD̂C.

(a.i) Find AC in terms of α. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to use the cosine rule (M1)

AC = √ 22 + 42 − 2(2)(4) cos α(= √ 20 − 16 cos α = 2√ 5 − 4 cos α)

A1

[2 marks]
(a.ii) Find AC in terms of β. [1]

Markscheme

2 2
AC = √ 6 + 8 − 2(6)(8) cos β(= √ 100 − 96 cos β = 2√ 25 − 24 cos β)

A1

[1 mark]

(a.iii) Hence or otherwise, find an expression for α in terms of β. [1]

Markscheme

5 − 4 cos α = 25 − 24 cos β

α = arccos(6 cos β − 5) A1

[1 mark]
(b) Find the maximum area of the quadrilateral ABCD. [4]

Markscheme

1
attempt to find the sum of two triangle areas using A =
2
ab sin C (M1)

Note: Do not award this M1 if the triangle is assumed to be right angled.

Area =
1

2
(8) sin α +
1

2
(48) sin β (A1)

attempt to express the area in terms of one variable only (M1)

2
= 4√ 1 − (6 cos β − 5) + 24 sin β or
4 sin(arccos(6 cos β − 5)) + 24 sin β OR

2
5+cos α 5+cos α
4 sin α + 24√ 1 − (
6
) or 4 sin α + 24 sin(arccos(
6
))

Max area = 19. 5959 …

= 19. 6 A1

[4 marks]
4. [Maximum mark: 16] EXN.1.SL.TZ0.7
The following diagram shows the graph of y = 4 − x
2
,0 ≤ x ≤ 2 and rectangle ORST.

The rectangle has a vertex at the origin O, a vertex on the y-axis at the point R(0, y), a vertex
on the x-axis at the point T(x, 0) and a vertex at point S(x, y) on the graph.

Let P represent the perimeter of rectangle ORST.

(a) Show that P = −2x

2
+ 2x + 8. [2]

Markscheme

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to

aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be
minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.

P = 2x + 2y (A1)

= 2x + 2(4 − x )
2
A1

so P = −2x
2
+ 2x + 8 AG

[2 marks]
(b) Find the dimensions of rectangle ORST that has maximum perimeter and
determine the value of the maximum perimeter. [6]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

EITHER

uses the axis of symmetry of a quadratic (M1)

2
x = −
2(−2)

OR

forms (M1)
dP
= 0
dx

−4x + 2 = 0

THEN

x =
1

2
A1

substitutes their value of x into y 2

= 4 − x (M1)

2
1
y = 4 − ( )
2

15
y =
4
A1

so the dimensions of rectangle ORST of maximum perimeter are 1

2
by 15

4
EITHER

substitutes their value of x into P = −2x

2
+ 2x + 8 (M1)

1 2 1
P = −2( ) + 2( ) + 8
2 2

OR

substitutes their values of x and y into P = 2x + 2y (M1)

1 15
P = 2( ) + 2( )
2 4

17
P =
2
A1

17
so the maximum perimeter is 2

METHOD 2

attempts to complete the square M1

2
P = −2(x −
1

2
) +
17

2
A1

x =
1

2
A1

substitutes their value of x into y = 4 − x

2
(M1)

2
1
y = 4 − ( )
2

15
y =
4
A1

so the dimensions of rectangle ORST of maximum perimeter are 1

2
by 15

P =
17

2
A1

so the maximum perimeter is 17

[6 marks]
Let A represent the area of rectangle ORST.

(c) Find an expression for A in terms of x. [2]

Markscheme

substitutes y = 4 − x
2
into A = xy (M1)

2
A = x(4 − x ) (= 4x − x )
3
A1

[2 marks]
(d) Find the dimensions of rectangle ORST that has maximum area. [5]

Markscheme

dA

dx
= 4 − 3x
2
A1

dA
attempts to solve their dx
= 0 for x (M1)

2
4 − 3x = 0

2 2√ 3
⇒ x = (=
3
) (x > 0) A1
√3

substitutes their (positive) value of x into y 2

= 4 − x (M1)

2
2
y = 4 − ( )
√3

y =
8

3
A1

[5 marks]
(e) Determine the maximum area of rectangle ORST. [1]

Markscheme

16√ 3
A =
16
(=
9
) A1
3√ 3

[1 mark]
5. [Maximum mark: 8] 19M.1.AHL.TZ2.H_8
A right circular cone of radius r is inscribed in a sphere with centre O and radius R as shown in
the following diagram. The perpendicular height of the cone is h, X denotes the centre of its base
and B a point where the cone touches the sphere.

(a) Show that the volume of the cone may be expressed by

V =
π

3
(2Rh
2
− h ).
3
[4]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in
marking or structure.

attempt to use Pythagoras in triangle OXB M1

2
⇒ r
2
= R
2
− (h − R) A1

substitution of their r2 into formula for volume of cone V M1

πr h
=
3

πh 2 2
= (R − (h − R) )
3

A1
πh 2 2 2
= (R − (h + R − 2hR))
3

Note: This A mark is independent and may be seen anywhere for the correct expansion of
2
(h − R) .

πh 2
= (2hR − h )
3

AG
π 2 3
= (2Rh − h )
3

[4 marks]
(b) Given that there is one inscribed cone having a maximum volume, show that
3

the volume of this cone is .

32πR

81
[4]

Markscheme

at max, R1
dV
= 0
dh

dV π 2
= (4Rh − 3h )
dh 3

2
⇒ 4Rh = 3h

(since h ≠ 0) A1
4R
⇒ h =
3

EITHER

− h ) from part (a)

π 2 3
Vmax = (2Rh
3

2 3
π 4R 4R
=
3
(2R(
3
) − (
3
) ) A1
 2 3
π 16R 64R
=
3
(2R
9
− (
27
)) A1

OR

2
2 2 4R
r = R − ( − R)
3

2 2

A1
2 2 R 8R
r = R − =
9 9

2
πr 4R
⇒ Vmax = ( )
3 3

=
4πR

9
(
8R

9
) A1

THEN
3

AG
32πR
=
81

[4 marks]
6. [Maximum mark: 8] 22M.1.AHL.TZ2.6
A function f is defined by f (x) = x√ 1 − x where −1 ≤ x ≤ 1.
2

The graph of y = f (x) is shown below.

(a) Show that f is an odd function. [2]

Markscheme

attempts to replace x with −x M1

2
f (−x) = −x√ 1 − (−x)

2
= −x√ 1 − (−x) (= −f (x)) A1

Note: Award M1A1 for an attempt to calculate both f (−x) and −f (−x) independently,
showing that they are equal.
Note: Award M1A0 for a graphical approach including evidence that either the graph is
invariant after rotation by 180° about the origin or the graph is invariant after a reflection
in the y-axis and then in the x-axis (or vice versa).

so f is an odd function AG

[2 marks]
(b) The range of f is a ≤ y ≤ b, where a, b ∈ R.

Find the value of a and the value of b. [6]

Markscheme

attempts both product rule and chain rule differentiation to find f ′(x) M1
1 1
− 2
1 2 2 2 2 2 x
f ′(x) = x × × (−2x) × (1 − x ) + (1 − x ) × 1 (= √ 1 − x − )
2 √ 1−x2

A1
2
1−2x
=
√ 1−x2

sets their f ′(x) = 0 M1

1
⇒ x = ± A1
√2

attempts to find at least one of f (± 1

) (M1)
√2

Note: Award M1 for an attempt to evaluate f (x) at least at one of their f ′(x) = 0 roots.

a = −
1

2
and b =
1

2
A1

Note: Award A1 for − 12 ≤ y ≤

1

2
.
[6 marks]
7. [Maximum mark: 20] 21M.2.AHL.TZ1.11
The function f is defined by f (x) =
3x+2
2
4x −1
, for x ∈ R, x ≠ p, x ≠ q.

(a) Find the value of p and the value of q. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to solve 4x2 − 1 = 0 e.g. by factorising 4x2 − 1 (M1)

p =
1

2
, q = −
1

2
or vice versa A1

[2 marks]

(b) Find an expression for f ′(x). [3]

Markscheme

attempt to use quotient rule or product rule (M1)

EITHER
2
3(4x −1)−8x(3x+2) 2
−12x −16x−3
f ′(x) =
2
2
(=
2
2
) A1A1
(4x −1) (4x −1)

Note: Award A1 for each term in the numerator with correct signs, provided
correct denominator is seen.
 OR

−2 −1
f ′(x) = −8x(3x + 2)(4x
2
− 1) + 3(4x
2
− 1) A1A1

Note: Award A1 for each term.

[3 marks]

The graph of y = f (x) has exactly one point of inflexion.

(c) Find the x-coordinate of the point of inflexion. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to find the local min point on y = f ′(x) OR solve f ′′(x) = 0 (M1)

x = −1. 60 A1

[2 marks]
(d) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) for −3 ≤ x ≤ 3, showing the values of any
axes intercepts, the coordinates of any local maxima and local minima, and
giving the equations of any asymptotes. [5]

Markscheme

A1A1A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for both vertical asymptotes with their equations, award A1 for horizontal
asymptote with equation, award A1 for each correct branch including asymptotic behaviour,
coordinates of minimum and maximum points (may be seen next to the graph) and values
of axes intercepts.
If vertical asymptotes are absent (or not vertical) and the branches overlap as a
consequence, award maximum A0A1A0A1A1.
 [5 marks]

2
4x −1
The function g is defined by g(x) , for x .
2
= ∈ R, x ≠ −
3x+2 3

(e) Find the equations of all the asymptotes on the graph of y = g(x). [4]

Markscheme

x = −
2

3
(= −0. 667) A1

(oblique asymptote has) gradient 4

3
(= 1. 33) (A1)

appropriate method to find complete equation of oblique asymptote M1

 4 8
x−
3 9

2
3x + 2 4x + 0x − 1

2 8
4x + x
3
8
− x−1
3

8 16
− x − 9
3
7
9

y =
4

3
x −
8

9
(= 1. 33x − 0. 889) A1

Note: Do not award the final A1 if the answer is not given as an equation.

[4 marks]

(f ) By considering the graph of y = g(x) − f (x), or otherwise, solve

f (x) < g(x) for x ∈ R. [4]

Markscheme

attempting to find at least one critical value

(x = −0. 568729 … , x = 1. 31872 …) (M1)

−
2

3
< x < −0. 569 OR −0. 5 < x < 0. 5 OR x > 1. 32 A1A1A1
Note: Only penalize once for use of ≤ rather than <.

[4 marks]
8. [Maximum mark: 17] 18M.1.AHL.TZ1.H_9
5

Let f (x) , x ∈ R, x ≠ 0.
2−3x
= 3
2x

(a) The graph of y = f (x) has a local maximum at A. Find the coordinates of A. [5]

Markscheme

attempt to differentiate (M1)

′
f (x) = −3x
−4
− 3x A1

Note: Award M1 for using quotient or product rule award A1 if correct derivative seen even
4 3 2 5
−15x ×2x −6x (2−3x )
in unsimplified form, for example f ′ (x) =
3
2
.
(2x )

3
− 4
x
− 3x = 0 M1

⇒ x
5
= −1 ⇒ x = −1 A1

A (−1, −
5

2
) A1

[5 marks]
(b.i) Show that there is exactly one point of inflexion, B, on the graph of y = f (x). [5]

Markscheme

f
′′
(x) = 0 M1

f
′′
(x) = 12x
−5
− 3 (= 0) A1

Note: Award A1 for correct derivative seen even if not simplified.

A1
5
⇒ x = √ 4 (= 2 5
)

hence (at most) one point of inflexion R1

Note: This mark is independent of the two A1 marks above. If they have shown or stated their
equation has only one solution this mark can be awarded.

(x) changes sign at x R1

′′ 5
f = √ 4 (= 2 5 )
 so exactly one point of inflexion

[5 marks]

(b.ii) The coordinates of B can be expressed in the form B(2a, b × 2

−3a
) where a, b

∈ Q. Find the value of a and the value of b. [3]

Markscheme

A1
5 2
x = √4 = 2 5
(⇒ a = )
5

2 2 6
2−3×2
f (2 5
) = 6
= −5 × 2
−
5
(⇒ b = −5) (M1)A1
2×2 5

Note: Award M1 for the substitution of their value for x into f (x).

[3 marks]
(c) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) showing clearly the position of the points A
and B. [4]

Markscheme

A1A1A1A1

A1 for shape for x < 0

A1 for shape for x > 0
A1 for maximum at A
A1 for POI at B.

Note: Only award last two A1s if A and B are placed in the correct quadrants, allowing for
follow through.

[4 marks]
9. [Maximum mark: 14] 23M.1.AHL.TZ2.10
A circle with equation x 2 2
+ y = 9 has centre (0, 0) and radius 3.

A triangle, PQR, is inscribed in the circle with its vertices at P(−3, 0), Q(x, y) and
R(x, − y), where Q and R are variable points in the first and fourth quadrants respectively.

This is shown in the following diagram.

(a) For point Q, show that y = √9 − x .

2
[1]

Markscheme

y
2
= 9 − x
2
OR y = ±√ 9 − x
2
A1

(since y > 0) ⇒ y = √ 9 − x2 AG

[1 mark]

(b) Hence, find an expression for A, the area of triangle PQR, in terms of x. [3]

Markscheme
 b = 2y (= 2√ 9 − x2) or h = x + 3 (A1)

1
attempts to substitute their base expression and height expression into A =
2
bh (M1)

A = √ 9 − x (x + 3) (or equivalent)
2

2
2(x+3)√ 9−x

(=
2
2 2
= x√ 9 − x + 3√ 9 − x ) A1

[3 marks]

(c) Show that

dA 9−3x−2x
2

.
dx
=
2
√ 9−x
[4]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

dA
attempts to use the product rule to find dx
(M1)

d
attempts to use the chain rule to find dx
√ 9 − x2 (M1)
1
− 2
dA 2 1 2 2 2 x +3x
( =)√ 9 − x + (3 + x)( )(9 − x ) (−2x)(= √ 9 − x − )
dx 2 √ 9−x2

A1
2 2
2 2 9−x −(x +3x)
dA 9−x x +3x
(
dx
=) − (= ) A1
√ 9−x2 √ 9−x2 √ 9−x2

AG
dA 9−3x−2x
=
dx √ 9−x2
 METHOD 2

dA dA dy
= ×
dx dy dx

dy
attempts to find where A = y(x + 3) and where y (M1)
dA 2 2
= 9 − x
dy dx

dA dx dy x
= y + x + 3 and = − (or equivalent) A1
dy dy dx y

dy dy
substitutes their and their into (M1)
dA dA dA
= ×
dy dx dx dy dx

dA y x
= (y(− ) + x + 3)(− ) (or equivalent)
dx x y

2 2

(or equivalent) A1
9−x −x −3x
=
√ 9−x2

AG
dA 9−3x−2x
=
dx √ 9−x2

[4 marks]

(d) Hence or otherwise, find the y-coordinate of R such that A is a maximum. [6]

Markscheme
 2
dA 9−3x−2x

dx
= 0 ( = 0) (M1)
√ 9−x2

attempts to solve 9 − 3x − 2x2 = 0 (or equivalent) (M1)

2
3±√ (−3) −4(−2)(9)

−(2x − 3)(x + 3)(= 0) OR x = (or equivalent) (A1)

2(−2)

x =
3

2
A1

Note: Award the above A1 if x = −3 is also given.

substitutes their value of x into either y = √9 − x

2
or y = −√ 9 − x
2

Note: Do not award the above (M1) if x ≤ 0. (M1)

2
3
y = −√ 9 − ( )
2

√ 27 3√ 3 27
= −
2
(= −
2
, = −√
4
, = −√ 6. 75) A1

[6 marks]
10. [Maximum mark: 20] 22N.1.AHL.TZ0.10
The function f is defined by f (x) = cos
2
x − 3 sin
2
x, 0 ≤ x ≤ π.

(a) Find the roots of the equation f (x) = 0. [5]

Markscheme

2 2
cos x − 3 sin x = 0

valid attempt to reduce equation to one involving one trigonometric function (M1)
2
sin x 1 2 2

cos
2
x
=
3
OR 1 − sin x − 3 sin x = 0 OR cos
2
x − 3(1 − cos
2
x) = 0

OR cos 2x − 1 + cos 2x = 0

correct equation (A1)

1 3 1 1
tan
2
x =
3
OR cos
2
x =
4
OR sin
2
x =
4
OR cos 2x =
2

1 √3 1 π 5π
tan x = ± OR cos x = ±
2
OR sin x = (±)
2
OR 2x =
3
(,
3
)
√3

(A1)

π 5π
x =
6
, x =
6
A1A1

Note: Award M1A1A0A1A0 for candidates who omit the ± (for tan or cos) and give only
π
x =
6
.
Award M1A1A0A0A0 for candidates who omit the ± (for tan or cos) and give only x = 30°.

Award M1A1A1A1A0 for candidates who give both answers in degrees.

Award M1A1A1A1A0 for candidates who give both correct answers in radians, but who include
additional solutions outside the domain.

Award a maximum of M1A0A0A1A1 for correct answers with no working.

[5 marks]
(b.i) Find f ′(x). [2]

Markscheme

attempt to use the chain rule (may be evidenced by at least one cos x sin x term)

(M1)
 f ′(x) = −2 cos x sin x − 6 sin x cos x(= −8 sin x cos x = −4 sin 2x)

A1

[2 marks]

(b.ii) Hence find the coordinates of the points on the graph of y = f (x) where

f ′(x) = 0. [5]

Markscheme

valid attempt to solve their f ′(x) = 0 (M1)

At least 2 correct x-coordinates (may be seen in coordinates) (A1)

π
x = 0, x =
2
, x = π

Note: Accept additional correct solutions outside the domain.

Award A0 if any additional incorrect solutions are given.
correct coordinates (may be seen in graph for part (c)) A1A1A1

π
(0, 1), (π, 1), ( , − 3)
2

Note: Award a maximum of M1A1A1A1A0 if any additional solutions are given.

Note: If candidates do not find at least two correct x-coordinates, it is possible to award the
appropriate final marks for their correct coordinates, such as M1A0A0A1A0.

[5 marks]
(c) Sketch the graph of y = |f (x)|, clearly showing the coordinates of any
points where f ′(x) = 0 and any points where the graph meets the coordinate
axes. [4]

Markscheme
attempt to reflect the negative part of the graph of f in the x-axis M1

endpoints have coordinates (0, 1), (π, 1) A1

π
smooth maximum at ( 2 , 3) A1

π 5π
sharp points ( cusps ) at x-intercepts 6
,
6
A1

[4 marks]
(d) Hence or otherwise, solve the inequality |f (x)| > 1. [4]

Markscheme
considers points of intersection of y = |f (x)| and y = 1 on graph or algebraically
(M1)

−(cos
2
x − 3 sin
2
x) = 1 or −(1 − 4 sin
2
x) = 1 or
−(4 cos
2
x − 3) = 1 or −(2 cos 2x − 1) = 1

tan
2
x = 1 or 2
sin x =
1

2
or 2
cos x =
1

2
or cos 2x = 0 (A1)

π 3π
x =
4
,
4
(A1)

For |f (x)| > 1

π 3π

4
< x <
4
A1

[4 marks]
11. [Maximum mark: 19] 23M.1.AHL.TZ1.11
Consider the following diagram, which shows the plan of part of a house.

diagram not to scale

A narrow passageway with 3

4
m width is perpendicular to a room of width 6 m. There is a corner
at point C. Points A and B are variable points on the base of the walls such that A, C and B lie
on a straight line.

Let L denote the length AB in metres.

Let α be the angle that [AB] makes with the room wall, where 0 .
π
< α <
2

(a) Show that L =

3
sec α + 6 cosec α. [2]
4

Markscheme

L = AC + CB

3 3
( )
3

AC
4
= cos α(⇒ AC =
4

cos α
⇒ AC =
4
sec α) A1

6 6

CB
= sin α(⇒ CB =
sin α
⇒ CB = 6 cosec α) A1
 so L =
3

4
sec α + 6 cosec α AG

[2 marks]

(b.i) Find
dL
. [1]
dα

Markscheme

A1
dL 3
= sec α tan α − 6 cosec α cot α
dα 4

[1 mark]

(b.ii) When
dL
= 0, show that α = arctan 2. [4]
dα

Markscheme

attempt to write in terms of sin α, cos α or tan α (may be seen in (i)) (M1)
dL

dα

3 3 3 3
sin α tan α tan α−6
dL

dα
=
cos
4
2
α
−
6 cos α
2
OR dL

dα
=
4

cos α
−
6

sin α cos α
(=
4
2
)
sin α cos α tan α

α = 0 OR α − 6 = 0 (or equivalent)
dL 3 3 3 3 3
= 0 ⇒ sin α − 6 cos tan
dα 4 4

(A1)
 tan
3
α = 8 A1

tan α = 2 A1

α = arctan 2 AG

[4 marks]

(c.i) Find
d L
2

. [3]
2
dα

Markscheme

attempt to use product rule (at least once) (M1)

2
d L 3 3 2
2
= sec α tan α tan α + sec α sec α
dα 4 4

+6 cosec α cot α cot α + 6 cosec α cosec

2
α A1A1

3 3
Note: Award A1 for 4
sec α tan α tan α +
4
sec α sec
2
α and A1 for
α.
2
+6 cosec α cot α cot α + 6 cosec α cosec

Allow unsimplified correct answer.

 2
d L 3 2 3 3 2 3
( 2
= sec α tan α + sec α + 6 cosec α cot α + 6 cosec α)
dα 4 4

[3 marks]

(c.ii) When α = arctan 2, show that

d L
2

2
=
45
√ 5. [4]
dα 4

Markscheme

attempt to find a ratio other than tan α using an appropriate trigonometric identity OR a
right triangle with at least two side lengths seen (M1)

Note: Award M0 for α = arctan 2 substituted into their with no further progress.
d L
2
dα

one correct ratio (A1)

√5
sec α = √ 5 OR cosec α = OR cot OR cos OR
1 1
α = α =
2 2 √5
2
sin α =
√5
 Note: M1A1 may be seen in part (d).

3 3
√5 2 √5
3 3 1

4
(√ 5)(2 ) +
2
4
(√ 5) + 6(
2
)(
2
) + 6(
2
) (or equivalent) A2

12√ 5 15√ 5 3√ 5 15√ 5

+ + +
4 4 4 4

Note: Award A1 for only two or three correct terms.

Award a maximum of (M1)(A1)A1 on FT from c(i).

AG
d L 45
2
√5
dα 4

[4 marks]

(d.i) Hence, justify that L is a minimum when α = arctan 2. [1]

Markscheme

> 0 OR concave up (or equivalent) R1

d L
2
dα
 (and = 0, when α = arctan 2, hence L is a minimum)
dL

dα

[1 mark]

(d.ii) Determine this minimum value of L. [2]

Markscheme

3 √5
(Lmin =)
4
(√ 5) + 6(
2
) (A1)

15√ 5
=
4
A1

[3 marks]

Two people need to carry a pole of length 11. 25 m from the passageway into the room. It must
be carried horizontally.

(e) Determine whether this is possible, giving a reason for your answer. [2]
Markscheme

15√ 9 15√ 5
(11. 25 =)
4
>
4
(or equivalent comparative reasoning) R1

the pole cannot be carried (horizontally from the passageway into the room) A1

Note: Do not award R0A1.

[2 marks]
12. [Maximum mark: 7] 22N.1.AHL.TZ0.7
Consider the curve with equation (x 2 2
+ y )y
2
= 4x
2
where x ≥ 0 and

−2 < y < 2.

Show that the curve has no local maximum or local minimum points for x > 0. [7]

Markscheme

attempt at implicit differentiation, including use of the product rule (M1)

EITHER

dy dy
(2x + 2y
dx
)y
2
+ (x
2
+ y )2y
2

dx
= 8x A1A1A1

dy dy
Note: Award A1 for each of (2x + 2y dx )y2, (x
2 2
+ y )2y
dx
and 8x

OR

2 2 4 2
x y + y = 4x

dy 3 dy
A1A1A1
2 2
2xy + 2x y + 4y = 8x
dx dx

dy 3 dy
Note: Award A1 for each of 2xy and 8x.
2 2
+ 2x y , 4y
dx dx

THEN

dy
at a local maximum or minimum point, dx
= 0 (M1)

2
2xy = 8x

x = 0 or y A1
2
= 4(⇒ y = ±2)

Note: Award A0 for x = 0 or y = 2

since x > 0 and −2 < y < 2 there are no solutions R1

hence there are no local maximum or minimum points AG

[7 marks]
© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2024