Automatic Doorbell Ringer May 20, 2021

Automatic Doorbell Ringer

(Lab Project Proposal)

Submitted By:

Nisha Aslam, 2020-CS-37

Mubashra Zaman, 2020-CS-16
Suhaib Awan, 2020-R/2019-CS-152
Hammad Ahmad, 2020-CS-30

Submitted To:

Mr. Usman Ghani

CMPE-222L Digital Logic Design Lab

NISHA ASLAM, MUBASHRA ZAMAN, SUHAIB AWAN, HAMMAD AHMAD 1

 Automatic Doorbell Ringer May 20, 2021

i. Problem Statement:-
If someone came to our house and cannot locate the doorbell or else if the person is so short, he cannot
use the doorbell.

ii. Overview:-
Doorbells are usual signalling devices used to alert the person inside the building to open the door as
someone has arrived. Classic doorbells can be seen in every house now a days, which uses simple button and
when that button is pressed the bell rings. The doorbell which we are implementing is different from that. We
will make a doorbell which is automatic. This automatic doorbell will automatically sense the presence of the
person and it rings the doorbell. This circuit operates using a pair of ultrasonic transmitter and receiver
modules which are used to detect the person and then if the person is detected, the doorbell is automatically
turned ON.

iii. Motivation:-
This is device that will automatically sense the presence of a person and it rings the doorbell. This
circuit is used to detect the person and then if it is detected then the doorbell is automatically turned on when
the person is in-front of the door.
Here we are going to see some points regarding to purpose behind choosing this topic and what is requirement
of this type of the project in our day to day life.
• Save time for searching doorbell
• Save electricity
• Enhance security
• Saves manpower
• Can be used as protective shield to locker to avoid robbery
• Can be used as a doorbell

iv. Background:-
What’s the first thing that welcomes guests into your home? A doorbell! It might seem like just a
simple button, but the doorbell has a long history that goes back to the Industrial Revolution.

NISHA ASLAM, MUBASHRA ZAMAN, SUHAIB AWAN, HAMMAD AHMAD 2

Automatic Doorbell Ringer May 20, 2021

• Early doorbells:
Early doorbells on record in the Victorian Era usually worked in one of two ways. Twist doorbells
used a key-like mechanism on the outside of the door that strikes a bell on the inside when twisted – think of
cranking a wind-up toy. Pull doorbells, on the other hand, could be rung by pulling a rope that rings a small
bell on the inside of the house.

• Doorbells go electric:
The first electric doorbell was invented in 1831 by Joseph Henry, an American scientist. But electric
doorbells only became widespread after 1913, when the introduction of electric transformers eliminated the
need for expensive batteries and instead relied on a household’s electrical current. In the 1930s, musical door
chimes emerged as a tasteful alternative. One of the most popular door chime tunes is the Westminster
Quarters, which can also be heard ringing out from many churches’ bell towers.

• Video doorbells and beyond: Nest Hello

Centuries later, we still rely on doorbells to see who’s at the door. Today, video doorbells like the
Nest Hello can stream live HD footage from your front door to your phone, wherever you are. The Nest Hello
comes with three pre-record messages for when you’re not home, and you can even teach it to recognize
familiar faces and send a special alert. And unlike other motion-sensing video doorbells, Nest’s video doorbell
streams and records video 24/7, even in the dark. Now that’s a good first impression.

NISHA ASLAM, MUBASHRA ZAMAN, SUHAIB AWAN, HAMMAD AHMAD 3

 Automatic Doorbell Ringer May 20, 2021

v. Objectives:-
By implementing ultrasonic transmitter and receiver module in the circuit, we construct a device
which can automatically detect a person and rings the bell without the need of the person to press the button.
The doorbell would be automatically turned ON whenever a person stands next to it.

vi. Methodology:-
The circuit diagram shows the circuit diagram of an automatic doorbell system with the object
detection.

NISHA ASLAM, MUBASHRA ZAMAN, SUHAIB AWAN, HAMMAD AHMAD 4

 Automatic Doorbell Ringer May 20, 2021

The components used in this circuit are discussed below.

• Ultrasonic Sensors:
The circuit consists of an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver modules are used to detect the person.
If the person is detected by the IR sensor, then the doorbell will be automatically producing the sound.
The frequency of ultrasonic transmitter is about the 40KHz which we can consider that the ultrasonic waves
can transmit continuously about 40KHz. The range of the transmitter is about the one or two meters and the
power supply will be moderate. If the transmitter power is less than the one meter, if the person is away from
the one meter, then there is a chance to undetected the person. If the rage is very high then it may be cause to
false triggering, we can say that if the person is far away from the door, then it is considered as a visitor and
produce the sound of the alarm. To overcome this problem the transmitter power is kept to an optimum level.
• Resistors:
In the circuit the 500kohm variable resistor is used for tuning the sensitivity of the receiver and if we
turn this properly then the result will be desired. The output of the circuit is given to the buzzer circuit, which
produce the beep sound and act as a doorbell in our case.
• IC LM324:
In the receiver module, the circuit uses the IC LM324 and it has internally four op-amps. From the
four op-amps we are using only three op-amps and the other one is not used, but the requirement is needed
in our case. The three op-amps are in the cascaded arrangement to produce high gain and noise free output.
There should be a distance between the circuit and doorbell, by using the Opto-coupler the distance between
the circuit and doorbell are considered.

vii. Results:-
▪ In this method we explained the methodology to automatically detect an object in the range of detection
area using ultrasonics.
▪ If a person is standing near the door and he is not able to ring the bell, then this circuit automatically
rings the doorbell if the person is detected.
▪ The circuit consists of low-cost components and it is simple in implementation.

NISHA ASLAM, MUBASHRA ZAMAN, SUHAIB AWAN, HAMMAD AHMAD 5