L2Fi

nenceandaccount
ingdepar
tment

Mi
ssLemou.A

Subj
ect
:readi
ngandwr
it
ing

Chapt
erI
:Fr
om wor
dst
osent
enses

Lesson03:cl
ausesconnect
ors

Whatar
ethecl
auseconnect
ors?

Therear
etwot ypesofwordst
hatcanbeusedasconnector
sat
thebegi
nningofanclause,
markerwor
dsandcoordi
nati
ng
conj
uncti
ons:

1.coor
dinat
ingconj
unct
ions:

Thesevencoor
dinat
ingconjunct
ionsusedasconnecti
ngwordsat
thebegi
nni
ngofanindependentclausear
eand,but
,for
,or
,nor,
so,
andyet.

I
nhar
dwarepr
ogr
ammingy
ouneedanautomati
onfr
amewor
k
f
ort
esti
ng,
andPyt
honi
spr
obabl
ythemostfav
ored.

I
ftherequi
rementofcodi
ngi
ncr
easessothenumberofj
obs
basedoncodingwil
lal
sobei
ncreased.

 Eachlett
erornumbert
ell
sthecomput
ert
omodi
fysomet
hing
wit
hinthememor y
.

 Basi
cpr ogrammingi diomsarepresentedi
ncl
udingnotonly
cont
rolstruct
uresanddat atypesint
roduct
orypri
nciples
ofel
ectronicci
rcuit
s, y
etoperati
onalampli
fi
ersarealsoof
si
gni
ficanceinthisprocedure.

 Whenlear
ningcodi
ngnei
thert
heski
llf
orel
ectr
ical
engi
neer
s
nort
hebasicsofpr
ogr
ammi ngcanbeski
pped.
  Butcanbeusedi
nthef
oll
owi
ngway
s:

 Asaconjuncti
on(connect
ingtwophrasesorclauses):She'
s83but
shest
il
lgoesswimmi ngeveryday.
 Asapreposit
ion(
foll
owedbyanoun) :Ther
e'sbeennot hi
ngbut
tr
oubl
esincehecame.
 Asanadverb:Wecanbuthopet hatthi
ngswill
impr ov
e.

2.mar
kerwor
ds

I
ndependentmar
kerwor
ds:

Anindependentmar kerwordisaconnecti
ngwor dusedatthebeginni
ng
ofanindependentclause.Thesewordscanalwaysbeginasentencethat
canstandalone.Whent hesecondindependentcl
auseinasentencehas
anindependentmar kerword,asemicol
onisneededbefor
et he
i
ndependentmar kerword.

Ji
m st
udi
edintheSweetShopforhi
schemist
ryqui
z;howev
er,
itwas
har
dto concent
rat
ebecauseofthenoi
se.

Somecommoni ndependent
marker s: al
so, consequently,fur
ther
mor e,however,moreover,nev
ert
hel
e
ss,andt heref
or e.
Connect i
ngdependentandi ndependentclauses
Subordi natingconj uncti
onsal l
owwr i
terstoconstructcomplex
sentences, whichhav eani ndependentclauseandasubor dinate(
or
dependent )clause.Eitherclausecancomef i
rst
.
Thest udent sact eddiffer
ent l
ywhenev erasubsti
tutetaughtthecl
ass.

DependentMar
kerWor
d

Adependentmarkerwordi
sawor daddedt
othebeginni
ngofan
i
ndependentcl
ausethatmakesi
tint
oadependentcl
ause.

WhenJi
m studi
edi
ntheSweetShopforhischemist
ryqui
z...
(
Whathappenedwhenhest
udied?Thethoughti
sincompl
ete.
WhenJi
m studi
edi
ntheSweetShopf
orhi
schemi
str
yqui
z,i
twas
ver
ynoi
sy.

Somecommondependentmar kers:aft
er,al
though,as,as
i
f,because,bef
ore,evenif
,ev
ent hough,if
,inorder
to,si
nce,t
hough,unless,
unti
l,
what ever
,when, whenever,
whet
her
,
andwhile.