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Mendelian Genetics & Pattern of Inheritance

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34 views

Mendelian Genetics & Pattern of Inheritance

Uploaded by

fatema.alshehabi20
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mendelian

Genetics & Pattern


of Inheritance
Made by Ms.Fatema Shehab
Basics Genetics Vocabulary

chromosome:
can be categorized to: 1-autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) 2-sex
chromosomes
humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

DNA: genetic code that is unique to every individual.


chromosomes

01
Gene:
segment of DNA that contains code for one trait occur
in pairs (one from each parent)

Allele:
One of two or more versions of a genetic sequence at a
particular region on a chromosome. An individual inherits
two alleles for each gene, one from each parent
Genome: all of an organisim’s genetic material
01 Objectives
Genotype: genetic makeup (the letters)
ex: BB,Bb,bb

phenotype: describes the appearance


ex:brown eye
Homozygous:
having identical genes (one from each parent )for a prticular
chracteristics ex:BB,bb
Heterozygous:
having different genes (one from each parent )for a prticular
chracteristics .ex:Bb

Dominant:
the allele of a gene that masks the expression of an alternate
allele. ex:B (capital letter)
Recessive:
an allel that masked by a dominant allele.ex: b(small letter)
punnet square
the punnett square predict the probablity of traits in
offspring if you know the genotype of the parent

genotype :
B b BB=1
Bb=2
bb=1
B BB Bb Genotype ratio:1:2:1
phenotype:
3 brown eyes
b Bb bb 1 blue eyes
phonotype ratio:3:1
https://youtu.be/Gd09V2AkZv4?si=FOk1kZQuqFpx9XDG
Monohybrid cross
in cats allele for short hair (H) is dominant to the allele for long
hair(h). A heterozygous short-hair cat is crossed with a long hair
cat. what percentage of the offspring is expected to be
heterozygous for hair length

Ans:50% Ratio 2:2


Monohybrid cross
many farmers prefer cattle without horns because it is safer.the allele for
no horns (N) is dominant to the allele for the presence of horns (n).A
farmer mates a homozygous male with no horns to a heterozygous
female without horns.what is the chance to have no horns.

Ans:100%
Dihybrid crosses
examination of two seperate RY Ry rY ry
traits in a single cross
Ex:RrYy,rrYy
rY
R round (Dominant)
r wrinkled (recessive)
ry
Y yellow (Dominant)
y green (recessive)
rY

ry
Dihybrid crosses
pigs black hair (B) is dominant
to brown (b) and short hair is
dominant to long hair (h)

a black long hair pig (Bbhh) is


crossed with a brown short hair
pig (bbHh).what percentage of
the offspring will be black with
long hair?

Ans:25%
Pedigree Symbol:
Pedigree:
problems in human genetics
1-Nancy and the members of her immediate family have attached
earlopes.Her maternal grandfather has unattached earlopes what is the
genotype of her maternal grandfather?
.................Nancy’s maternal grandmother is no longer living.what could
have been the genotype for her grandmother?...............

2-Joe does not have a bent little finger, but his parents do.what is the
expected ratio among the parent’s children?

3-The only color blind member of Arlena’s family is her brother.What is


her brother genotype?..............what is her father genotype
?.................what is her mother genotype?.............what is Arlen’s
genotype if she later has a color blind son.
There are four of mendalian
inheritance patterns:
-Autosomal dominant
-Autosomal recessive
-X-linked dominant
-X-linked recesisive
Autosomal dominant
Autosomal traits are associated with single gene on an autosome (non-sex chromosome) they are
called dominant
because a single copy inherited from either parent is enough to cause this trait to appear.
Ex:Huntington’s disease,Dwarfisim,polydactyly (extra fingers or toes)

key points:
affected children will
usually have an
affected parent
heterozygotes (Aa)
are affected
two affected parents
could have unaffected
offspring
Autosomal recessive
inheritance:
autosomal recessive inheritance should be displayed two copies of the allele needs to
be presented . Ex:sickle cell anemia , cystic fibrosis, and albinism

key points:
most affected children have
unaffected parents
heterozygotes (Aa)have an
unaffected phenotype
two affected parents will always
have affected children
close relatives are most likely to
have affected children
can skip generation
https://youtu.be/pBxWFwx7WaE?si=-EX7vCnWTqsBIVdc
Beyond Mendelian Genetics
codominant alllele: alleled will both be completely expressed
they are neither dominant or recessive Ex:ABO blood type
The human ABO blood group
A man with type AB blood is married to a woman with type O
blood.They have two natural children and one adopted
the children blood types are:A,B, and O which children was adopted?

Ans:O is adopted
The human ABO blood group
A person who is heterozygous type B has children with a type AB.
what blood types are possible among their children?

Ans:A,B,AB
Thank you

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