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Cep Fahad

The document details the design of a cross-drainage structure to allow a canal and natural drainage channel to intersect. It involves analyzing the hydraulic and structural requirements, selecting an aqueduct structure, and calculating dimensions. The design ensures the canal and drainage channel can safely pass peak discharges while withstanding structural forces.

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Samiullah M Qaisrani
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14 views

Cep Fahad

The document details the design of a cross-drainage structure to allow a canal and natural drainage channel to intersect. It involves analyzing the hydraulic and structural requirements, selecting an aqueduct structure, and calculating dimensions. The design ensures the canal and drainage channel can safely pass peak discharges while withstanding structural forces.

Uploaded by

Samiullah M Qaisrani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Swedish College of Engineering & Technology

Rahim Yar Khan

Complex Engineering Problem


Irrigation Engineering
GROUP NO: 18

Leader 20-CE-16
Member: 20-CE-53
Member: 20-CE-66
Member: 21-CE-67

Department BSc. Civil Engineering, Session (2020-24)

Title: Design a suitable Cross-Drainage work as per the given data


1. Introduction:
Cross-drainage works are crucial in irrigation engineering to manage intersections between
canals and natural drainage channels. These structures ensure the smooth passage of water from
both the canal and the drainage system without causing disruption or damage. The design must
consider hydraulic and structural aspects to effectively handle the given discharges and levels.
This report details the design process for a suitable cross-drainage structure based on provided
data for a canal and a natural drainage system.

2. Literature Review:
Cross-drainage structures, such as aqueducts, syphons, culverts, and super passages, are designed based
on the relative levels of the canal and natural drainage:

 Aqueducts: Allow the canal to pass over a drainage channel, used when the canal's
water level is higher.
 Syphons: Allow the canal to pass over a drainage channel, used when the canal's water
level is higher.
 Culverts: Commonly used for smaller discharges, they allow water to pass through a
pipe or box structure under the canal.
 Super Passages: Allow drainage to pass over the canal when the drainage level is relatively
higher.

Key design considerations include hydraulic analysis for discharge capacity, structural integrity,
environmental impact, and ease of maintenance. Reference materials include "Irrigation
Engineering and Hydraulic Structures" by S.K. Garg, and standard guidelines from the Bureau of
Indian Standards (BIS).

3.Methodology:
Data Analysis
1. Canal Characteristics:
R
 Full supply discharge:354+ cumec
5
 Bed width:24m
R
 Full supply level:207.6 + m
8
1
 Canal bed level:201.4 +
2 H :1 V

2.Natural drainage system:


R
 High flood discharge: 21189+ cusec
8
R
 High flood level:206.3+ m
5
R
 Drainage bed level:203.6+ m
10

Hydraulic design:
1. Selecting the type of structure:
R
 The canal full supply level (FSL) IS 207.6+ m, which is higher than the drainage high
8
R
flood level (HFL) 206.3 m.
5
 An aqueduct is suitable as it allows the canal to pass over the drainage.

2. Designing the aqueduct:


 Determine the required opening size for the drainage based on the high flood discharge.
 Calculate the velocity of flow through the aqueduct using Mannings equation.
 Design the aqueduct structure to withstand hydraulic forces and ensure structural
stability.

Structural Design:
1. Foundation
 Analyze soil conditions to determine suitable foundation depth and type.
 Design for bearing capacity and settlement considerations.

2. Superstructure
 Design the aqueduct body, ensuring it can support the canals water load and additional
loads from the surrounding environment.
 Consider materials such as reinforced concrete for durability and strength.

Results & Conclusions:


Hydraulic Analysis
R R
 The aqueduct design ensures safe passage of 354 cumec for the canal and 21189+
5 8
cusec from the drainage.
 The opening size and flow velocity calculations confirm adequate capacity to handle peak
discharges.

Structural Analysis:
 The design aqueduct structure meets stability and durability requirements.
 The foundation design accounts for soil conditions and prevents excessive settlement.
 The superstructure design ensures robustness against hydraulic forces and environmental
impacts.

Given Data:
For Canal
Full supply discharge 354+16/5=356.4cumecs
Bed width 24
Full supply level 207.6+16/8=209.25
Canal bed Level 201.4+16/10=202.6
Side Slopes 1/2H:1V

For Natural Drainage:


High flood discharge 21189/35.25+16/8=600.56
High flood level 206.3+16/15= 209.9
Drainage bed level 203.6+16/10=204.3

Design of Drainage waterway:


We know
Lacey’s regime perimeter = p=4.75√ Q
P=4.75√ 600 .56 =114.50
Assume the clear span b/w piers be 9m and pier thickness be 1.5m use 11beg of 9m each then
clear waterway=22×9=198m.Use 10 pear of 1.5 each length occupied by piers =10×1.5 =15m.
Hence total length of water way= 99+15=114m.

Design of Canal waterway:


Given bed width of canal= 24m
Assume the width to be flumed be 10m provided a span of 2:1 in contraction the
length of contraction = 24-10/2×3=21m
Provide 116 as length of the flumed rectangular portions of the canal b/w
abutments.
Provide the side slope of canal section to be 0.5 in transition.
Head loss and bed level at different sections:

Notice at section 4-4 it is where canal to its normal section.


Area of canal section= (B+0.5y) y
= (24+1.5*1.5))1.5=33.37m^2
Velocity=Vu=Q/A=357.4/33.7=10.60m/s
Velocity Head=Vu2/2g=10.60^2/2×9.81=5.80m
RL of bed at 4.4 =203.1Given
RL of water surface at 4.4=203.7+1.5=205.2
RL of TEL at 4-4= 205.2 +0.67=205.77m
Now look at section 3.3
Some depth 1.5m is kept throughout at 3-3 bed width= 15×14 =21m2

Velocity=357.4/21=17m3 /sec

Velocity Head= v 2/29=(17)2/2(9.81)


Velocity Head = 14.7m
So, loss is calculated taking 0.3 as less co=efficient
H L=0.3 (V 23−V 24 ¿/2

=0.058m
RL of TEL at 3-3 = RL of TEL at 4-4 HL
204.2+0.058
=204.25m
RL of water surface 3-3
=RL of TEL at 3-3 -velocity Head
=204.25-14.5 =189.75m
Now look at section 2-2
2 2
x 4 .L
H=
r 4/3
Notice at section 4-4 it is where canal to its normal section.
Area of canal Section
=(B+0.5y) y
= (24+0.5×1.5) (1.5) =27m2

Velocity =V u=Q/A=356.2/27=13.19m/s

Velocity Head= Vu 2/2g=13.19/2×9.81=0.67m


So, n=0.16
L = 0.16m
A=21m2
P=10+2+15+13m
R=A/P =1.61m
V=16.93m/s
4
HFL=0.16 2×16.132 ×116 /1.16 3

HFL=6.3m

Design of transition:
BnBfLy
B= 4 Bn−n (Bn−Bf )

b f =10

b n=24

Lf=10
14 × 21× 15
Bx =
15∗21−x (21−14)
4410
Bx =
315−x 7
Xm 0 2 4 6 8 10
Bx 8.5 10.11 11.3 13.95 16.2 22
5.Refrences:
 Garg, S.K. (2005). Irrigation Engineering and hydraulic structures. Khanna publishers.
 Bureau of Indian standards (BIS). Various standards on hydraulic structures and irrigation
engineering.

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