5/11/2024

The Hashemite University

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering

CE 211 : Statics

Chapter 9: Center of Gravity & Centroid

Dr. Ra’ed Al-Mazaidh

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Cross section of beams

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9.1 Centroid of an Area

The centroid, is a point defining the geometric center of an object.
This point coincides with the center of mass or the center of gravity only if the material
composing the body is uniform or homogeneous.

Required X’, and Y’ Select deferential element

xi

y
y/2

dx

dA = y dx = f(x) dx

xi =x
yi =y/2 = f(x)/2
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The centroid location (x’ , y’)

dA = y dx = x2 dx
x’ = x
y’ = y / 2 = x2/ 2

= = = 0.333

= = = 0.25

0.25 = = = 0.10
= 0.75 𝑚
0.333

0.1
= 0.3 𝑚
0.333
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Find the support reactions if the unit weight of the material is  = 20 kN/m2

A=

Weight W= 0.333x 20 = 6.67 kN

B
A

6.67 kN
0.75

1.67 kN 5kN
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The steel plate is b= 0.3 m thick and has a density of 7850 kg/m3.
find the reactions at the pin and roller support.

W=  g volume =  g A b
W1= 7850x9.81x0.3x0.5x2x2) = 46205.1N = 46.2 kN
60.1 b

1.2

46.2
A2 = (2)0.5  (x )0.5 dx = (2(1.5)/1.5) x 20.5 =2.67m2
Ax W2= 7850x9.81x0.3x2.67) = 60066.63N = 60.1 kN

1.33
= (2)0.5  (x3 )0.5 dx = (2(2.5)/2.5) x 20.5 =3.2/2.67 = 1.2 m
Ay
2.67
FB = 47.9

45 Ax = 33.9
FB

Ay =73.9
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9.2 composite body : consists of a series of connected “simpler” shaped

bodies, which may be rectangular, triangular, semicircular
Procedure of Analysisfor Analysis
The location of the center of gravity of a body or the centroid of a composite geometrical object
represented by area
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• Locate reference axes
• Divide the area into several simple shapes.
• Find the area of each shape then sum all the areas  A. 2
• If a composite body has a hole, or a geometric region having no material, then consider the 3
composite body without the hole and consider the hole as a negative area
• Determine the coordinates x , y , z of the center of gravity or centroid of each part.
• Determine X Ȳ by applying the center of gravity equations,

If an object is symmetrical about an axis, the centroid of the object lies on this axis.
If desired, the calculations can be arranged in tabular form

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Locate the centroid of the plate area from the given axes

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Determine the location of the centroid from the given axes.

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9.6 Fluid Pressure

According to Pascal’s law, a fluid at rest creates a pressure p at a
point that is the same in all directions

The magnitude of p, depends on the specific weight  or mass density  of

the fluid and the depth z of the point from the fluid surface
w = 1000 kg/m3
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fptop.only.wip.la%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.watervision.co.nz%
2F&psig=AOvVaw20GQgmSH5obuun80XaGWFg&ust=1586409226065000&source=
images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCIC9gpeJ2OgCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

for water or w= w .g = 9810 N/m3 = 9.81kN/m3

fluid surface

Any Free surface open to the atmosphere has atmospheric pressure z

p=0 fluid surface

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Draw the hydrostatic forces on the surfaces shown

w h1b
h

P= w hb h

P= w hb

w h2b

b….. If b not given … assume b = 1 unit length 14

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Determine the magnitude and location of the resultant hydrostatic force

acting on the submerged rectangular plate AB shown
The plate has a width of 1.5 m; w= 1000 kg/m3
w= 1000x9.8=9800 N/m3 =9.81 kN/m3

wA= 9.81 x1.5 x2 = 29.43 kN/m

wB= 9.81 x1.5 x5 = 73.58 kN/m
F1 = 29.43x3 = 88.29 kN
F2 = (73.58- 29.43) x3/2 = 66.23 kN
FR = 88.29 +66.23 = 154.5 kN

h= = ( 88.29 x1.5 +66.23x 1)/ 154.5 = 1.29 m FR=154.5 kN

h=1.29
m

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When the tide water A subsides, the tide gate automatically swings open to drain the marsh B.
For the condition of high tide shown, determine the horizontal reactions developed at the hinge C
and stop block D. The length of the gate is 6 m and its height is 4 m. w= 1000 kg/m3
Cy
Cx

𝑭𝟐 =117.72 x2/2 =120 kN

𝟏
𝑭 =176.58x3/2 =264.87 kN
Dx
𝑤 1 = 9.81 × 3 × 6 =176.58 kN/m 𝑤 2 = 9.81 × 2 × 6 =117.72 kN/m

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The 2-m-wide rectangular gate is pinned at its center A and is prevented from rotating by
the block at B. Determine the reactions at these supports due to hydrostatic pressure.
w = 1000 kg/m3.

w2 w1

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Determine the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the gate ABC due to hydrostatic
pressure. The gate has a width of 1.5 m. w = 1000kg/m3

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