MASS PRODUCTION

⦾ single purpose machines are used bcz products are standardized

Combining of the FOP in order to produce the right product at the right
place and time, in the quantity and at the price the consumer is willing to pay ⦾ conveyer belts are used to make an assembly line - easier and quicker
⦾ Demand must exist before mass production takes place
⦾ balance machine capacity & speed of production to avoid bottle necks

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Advantages Disadvantages JOBBING

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Inflexible: machine can break then there's more expenses and One job must be finished before another can start
Lowers the CPU delays and bottle necks are formed

Products are standard ∴ work done faster and Single purpose machines are expensive and require large Uses multipurpose machines
cheaper bcz machines are used to their max potential capital investment

Conveyor Belts ensure the handling of material and Expensive to make changes to these single use machines as Jobs done according to customers request
spare parts is reduced ∴ less wastage they are built only for a specified purpose, thus to alter or
change their use will be costly. Higher level of skill is required

&

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FACTORY LAYOUT

activities
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Machines must be placed in a logical flow of product

To prevent unnecessary movement, work stations must

be placed near material storage
Production
Business Functions
BATCH: in between jobbing and mass production
Products made in batches but one batch must be
completed before starting a new one
Interruption ( machines must be changed according to
the batch)

Use horizontal and vertical floor planning in order to

use all space on floor

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Layout must comply with legal safety regulations

FACTORY SAFETY FACTORY LEGISLATION:

Must be registered with the
Design and layout of the factory must create favourable working conditions department of manpower
for the workers as better working conditions promote higher productivity.
f
• Installation, operation and use if
machines will be inspected
HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS FIRE PROTECTION • Safety and health precautions (E.g.
Ventilation = gets rid of stale air and PROTECTION OF WORKERS
• Every room must have at least two exits AGAINST MACHINERY air conditioning, sanitisation and light
dangerous fumes in the factory)
• Provide the correct clothes
Temperature and humidity must be controlled • Fire escapes must be provided (E.g. Helmets, boots, welding • Clothing, safety equipment and
gloves and goggles) protective devices to be provided for
Good lighting, prevents strain on the eyes • Fire fighting equipment must be available workers
• Floors must have a non-slip • Details of First Aid equipment
Canteen = workers can buy refreshments, could • Fire prevention measures
help boost productivity • Flammable materials (E.g. fuel) must be stored surface
underground and have visible warnings displayed
First aid kit must be on hand
 EQUIPMENT & MACHINES
Lrg Capital investment
Inflexible : cannot be moved around easily ∴
must be planned b4 operating

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DECISIONS ON PURCHASING THE
MACHINES ARE INFLUENCED BY:
Production System : Mass, batch , jobbing
Purchase price and maintenance cost

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AUTOMATION
Availability of spare parts
- Advantages Disadvantages
Life span of the machine
Lower Labour Costs Unemployment
More machines = faster production time
Better quality bcz less mistakes
High capital investment
Addition cost to train workers
Production Safety of workers
Resale value
Less labour laws Relays on electricity Business Functions

TYPES OF MAINTENANCE
Remedial : machine broken down and needs to be
fixed
Preventative: performed to avoid breakdown ( if
MACHINE UTILIZATION there is a problem it will be serviced)
Conditional: inspections and maintenance of machines
at regular intervals

y
Can be done by:
Avoiding bottlenecks
The number of hours per day the machine is used
Machines should be utilized to their full capacity plan the maintenance carefully as this will affect production speed. Schedule a
and have spare parts available should there be a faulty part.