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Tempest + hagseed context

english advanced (James Ruse Agricultural High School)

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The Tempest
Context Research
Focus Area Facts and findings What does this Evidence of this in
suggest about the text
societal beliefs,
values, and
attitudes?
Humanism vs. Christian Humanism: Renaissance Humanism stresses We see this in the
Providentialism humanism was an intellectual the importance of text where Prospero
● What is movement of the 15th century, human values and values virtue over
Renaissance where there was a new interest in dignity. It proposes vengeance. We see
Humanism? the classical world and studies that people can that characters such
What are the which focused less on religion and resolve problems as Ariel, Miranda and
core beliefs? more on what it means to be through science and Ferdinand exist as
How does it human. reason. Rather than the embodiment of
differ from the looking to religious empathy and the
Christian faith? Core values: the idea of traditions, ideal human.
● Helpful reading: self-reliance, civic virtue, humanism focuses Characters such as
http://irishfreethi uniqueness, dignity and value of on helping people Caliban, Antonio and
nkers.com/filesto human life live well, achieve Sebastian are
re/ personal growth criticised and the
file/shakespeare Humanism vs Christianity: and make the world consequences of
%20humanism.p Christians believe that we can only a better place. Thus, their harmful actions
df be good humanists because God there was a towards others are
● Christian helps us learn morality and guides generally held exaggerated to the
Humanism in the ethical thinking however disdain towards audience as a means
th
late 16 Century humanists believe that it is those that did not to warn against those
possible to live a happy life uphold the values of who do not believe in
without the help of God. humanism - those virtue and dignity, a
who inflicted values humanist value.
Humanism emphasised the that were
importance of self-knowledge and antithetical to However,
the autonomous nature of dignity, virtue and Shakespeare
humankind. Whereas humanism empathy. incorporates several
was a primarily secular philosophy, Christian and biblical
Christian Humanism united the allusions within his
humanist quest for self-knowledge text as well, where
with the teachings of Jesus Christ. Ferdinand alludes to
Many Christian Humanists Christ, so on and so
believed that individuals could forth.
grow closer to God through their
intellect.

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Age of Discovery causes: religious, scientific, The motif of masters

● British cultural curiosity, economics, and servants explores
colonisation imperial dominance, and riches the idea of the
● Fascination with the age of discovery served as a importance of power
the exotic stepping stone for geographic in governing
● John Florio’s knowledge relationships.
translation into
English of Michel Colonisation ‘The Tempest’
de Montaigne’s seens as a means of conquering depicts not only the
Essayes, new lands and imposing the conflict between the
originally colonizer’s culture on the native coloniser and the
published in peoples colonised, but
French in 1580 – Great Britain started colonising questions the
particularly ‘Of through maritime expansion, ideologies of
the Caniballes’ driven by commercial ambitions colonisation.
and by competition with France ● This is
exploration and colonisation led explored in
directly to slavery and the Prospero’s
conquering of native peoples capture of
Sycorax’s land
Exoticism and his
a factor that lead to colonialism, treatment of
and is explored in colonial the natives
literature ● Caliban’s
a trend where mainly the British protest
became fascinated with ideas and against
styles from distant regions and prospero
cultures depicts his
resistance to
Essayes colonial
Montaigne is known for power
popularizing the essay as a literary ● ‘this thing of
genre. His work is noted for its darkness, i
merging of casual anecdotes and call my own’ -
autobiography with intellectual prospero
insight. description of
https://www.bl.uk/collection-item caliban
s/montaignes-essays-translated-by ● The character
-florio of Caliban
dramatises
otherness and
exoticism.
As soon as Stephano
and Trinculo meet

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Caliban, they seek to

capture him and
enslave him,
mirroring the idea of
exoticism. Stephano
refers to caliban as
‘servant monster’,
‘man-monster’ and
‘mooncalf’.
Great Chain of Being Define: This suggests that The characters in the
and Divine Right of ● god set out an order for people could not Tempest can be seen
Kings everything in the universe move up social attempting to disturb
● Define Great ● known as the Great Chain orders, and thus the ‘Great Chain of
Chain of Being of Being i.e hierarchical those in the lower Being’.
and Divine Right structure of all matter and orders, such as the
of Kings life peasants, would 12 years ago Antonio
● Impact on social ● God created a social order remain in those had overthrown
hierarchy and ● God + angels at the top, to orders. Prospero as the Duke
order humans, to animals, to of Milan along with
plants, to rocks and People were willing Alonso’s help. This
minerals at the bottom to do anything in unnatural change of
● you were what you were order to gain power power causes a chain
because that was where over others and of events to come
God had placed you elevating their towards Antonio and
● the Divine Right of Kings status by any means Alonso, such as
asserted that kings derived necessary. Prospero causing
their authority from God their ship to crash
● As God’s chosen It also suggests that into the island.
representative on earth, should a higher
the King was the supreme power be On the island,
upholder of order on overthrown, it Antonio plots with
earth. As has been noted if would be a direct Sebastian to kill
his position was violated it offense against God Alonso, allowing
would destroy the perfect and should not be Sebastian to become
order in the universe and done, but if they the King of Naples,
bring strife and chaos to were not punished which would have
the world. for it, then it would been another
mean that God had unnatural change of
chosen for them to power, disturbing the
Impact on social hierarchy and be in that power. social order created
order by God.
● this meant that you
remained where you were

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in the Great Chain of

Beings
○ e.g a peasant could
not become the
king or a pope
○ these positions
were supposedly
decided by God
● any actions taken against
the king were seen as
directed against God
himself and was seen as a
SIN
John Dee
● His achievements
and role in 15th
Century English
society
● How he inspired
the Tempest

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Hag-seed
Context Research
Focus Area Facts and findings What does this Evidence of this in
suggest about the text
societal beliefs,
values, and
attitudes?
Postmodernism Postmodernism is a late Societal beliefs, Hag-Seed is a
● As a literary 20th-century style and concept in values, and postmodernist text in
movement and the arts, architecture and criticism attitudes are far less its self-consciousness
features of which represents a departure from concrete in and intertextuality as
texts modernism and is characterised by postmodern texts, it re-envisions,
● Post the self-conscious use of earlier and there is a depth structurally and
structuralism styles and conventions. to them that are not thematically, a prior
There is a sense of skepticism explored in other work.
towards the “grand narratives” of texts. Intertextuality →
modernism → a rejection of constant return to
universally held truths. the original text - The
Tempest

There is a general
disagreement with
the classical values of
Shakespeare’s text,
i.e that
Interest in the Psyche Contemporary beliefs: 21st century Characters such as
● Contemporary attitudes around Leggs are portrayed
beliefs about Mental health is believed to be mental health are in a sympathetic
mental health maintained by achieving balance in more open, light, whereby his
● Changes in one’s emotional, social and accepting and position as a criminal
psychiatry and psychological well being. By coping sympathetic. As a is overlooked by his
cognitive well with stress, for example, one is result, there is traumatic past in the
behaviour able to establish a sense of control greater awareness Afghanistan war that
therapy within their lives, which enables in sharing matters of left him to deal with
their perseverance during times of mind. This includes his own PTSD.
change. Furthermore, having a good how one can
support system that fosters maintain their Felix suffers with
meaningful relationships and mental health and grief due to the
communication is believed to be a the encouragement death of his
necessity in encouraging individual of individual daughter, leading to
introspection. introspection. the tendency of
theatre becoming a

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Social stigmas regarding mental means of

health are still prevalent in the fact escapism/coping.
that individuals with mental
illnesses are perceived as
dangerous. However, such stigmas
are more overlooked by the
acknowledgement that these
individuals often bring more harm
to themselves than to others.

Changes in psychiatry + cognitive

behaviour therapy
Symptoms that were previously
associated with mental illnesses
such as being depressed, anxious
and obsessive are no longer seen as
‘impaired functioning’. Rather, the
impairment of function occurs when
these normal feelings being to
control one’s lifestyle.

Whereas various mental illnesses

was grouped together by ‘madness’
in the past (Shakespheare’s time), it
is now defined to be alterations in
thinking, mood or behaviour and
impaired function over an extended
period of time. Contemporary
psychiatry studies have proven the
prevalence of mental illnesses
within society, and identified
contributing factors to be personal
experiences and genetics. This
differs from the 3 general theories
of the etiology of mental illness
upheld in the pase: supernatural,
somatogenic and psychogenic.

Modern cognitive behaviour therapy

involves efforts to change thinking
patterns, with strategies including
recognising one’s distortions in
thinking that are creating problems
and reevaluating them in the light of

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reality. This ultimately allows

patients to gain a deeper
understanding of the behaviour and
motivations of others. This has
progressed from internal thought
processes being viewed as targets.

Incarceration Rates Number of inmates in Canada and Society has put a We see evidence of
● Number of the US negative view upon this in Hag-seed
inmates in ● Canada: 32,261 (31/3/2021 - inmates, believing when Felix decides to
Canada and the includes pre-trial detainees / them to be teach the literature
US remand prisoners) ‘dangerous’ and program in Fletcher
● Rates and ● US: 1,675,400 (2020) ‘should be kept Correctional Facility.
demographics locked up’, making The literature
of incarceration Rates and demographics their reintegration program was started
over the last Canada: into society much in order to teach
decade Rates (per 100,000 of national harder, as we paint inmates literature,
● Programs population) a picture of them, and Felix decides to
available to inevitably do this through
support and pressuring them to Shakespeare plays, as
rehabilitate act how we believe the class studies and
inmates or want them to act. performs one of his
plays every year.
Yet, many nations
offer support and The correctional
US: rehabilitation facility is also where
Rates (per 100,000 of national programs to its Felix stages his own
population) inmates in order to version of the
help them join back Tempest, with Sal O’
into the community, Nelly being Alonso
even after a and Tony being
sentence. Antonio, as both of
them conspired to
In Hag Seed, remove Felix as the
Atwood humanises Artistic Director and
Available programs
the inmates, place Tony in that
Canada:
focusing on their position himself.
https://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/002/002-
determination to
index-en.shtml
become better
Correctional programs for men:
through the
- the model is based on what
literature program
works in correctional
and thus depicting
rehabilitation, including
them in a positive
style, similar to how

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cognitive-behavioural Shakespeare depicts

approaches Caliban as a
- allows offenders to address innocent victim
all of their criminal rather than a
behaviour under one ‘savage’ which is
program umbrella what the audience
the program focuses on: would have viewed
- commonalities that lead to him to be at the
criminal behaviour time.
- common interests
- individual circumstances and
application of skills
the program begins by identifying
the criminogenic risk factors for
each offender
- then reframed into personal
targets which are the goals
identified to work towards
their successful reintegration
- the model teaches offenders
a broad range of skills to
target multiple risk factors
offenders start to work towards
successful reintegration by learning
skills to address their risk factors
and achieve their personal targets
- problem solving
- goal setting
- social
- communication and
interpersonal
- emotional arousal-reducing
- skills to identify, challenge
and replace thinking which
supports risky and criminal
behaviour
- self-management, including
self-monitoring
program method:
- program uses a mix of
- group discussions
- exercises
- role plays
- opportunities to practice

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- homework assignments
a culturally-appropriate program is
also provided for offenders with
indigenous backgrounds

the stream is done in 3 programs:

primer program, main program,
maintenance program

primer program:
- identify the factors that led
to the offender’s criminal
activity
- set personal targets to
address these factors
- motivate offenders to see
the benefits of participation
in a correctional program
- teach offenders basic
self-management skills to
cope with challenges
main program
- main obejectives are to
teach skills that help reduce
risky and/or harmful
behaviour
- assist in changing
anti-fragilesocial attitudes,
beliefs and associates
- the skills taught include:
- goal setting
- problem solving
- interpersonal and
communication skills
- coping skills
- arousal-reducing strategies
- self-management skills
- also focuses on
- building therapeutic
alliances
- fostering offender
motivation to achieve
meaningful, crime-free goals
maintenance program

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- reviewing core
self-management skills
- applying skills to real-life
situations
- gaining, rehearsing, and
maintaining the skills learned
throughout their sentences

correctional programs for women

canada offers programs for female
offenders wintin a women-centered
perspective to ensure that social
realities and the context of their
lives are recognized.
the programs include:
- engagement programs
- moderate intensity programs
- high intensity programs
- self-management programs
- women’s modular
intervention
- women’s sex offender
program
engagement program
- focuses on
- welcoming women to the
institutional community
- engaging them in their own
rehabilitation
- raising their awareness of
problematic behaviours
linked to crime
- offenders learn
- a variety of integrated skills,
which encompass strategies
for change
- how to manage their
emotions, set goals, and
problem solve
- how to communicate with
others
moderate + high intensity programs
- encourages women to

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- take part in their own

rehabilitation
- focus on changing
behaviours and
- work towards short and long
term goals
- teaches skills such as
- emotion management
- problem-solving
- conflict
resolution]communication
skills
- learn the importance of
positive and healthy
relationships
- develop self-management
plants, which include skills
and strategies to help thm
adopt a positive lifestyle
self-management programs
- supports women as they
continue to make and
maintain changes in their
lives
- focuses on
- enhancing strengths
- solidifying skills and
strategies
- increasing self-awareness
- identifying obstacles
- set goals
- problem solve

Available programs
US:

Federal Bureau of Prisons

Residential Re-entry Centers (RRC)
- provides assistance to
inmates who are near
release
- RRC provide a structures,
supervised environment and

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counceling, job placement,

and other services
- helps inmates to gradually
rebuild their ties to the
community and facilitate
supervising offenders;
activities during the
readjustment phase

Federal Bureau of Prisons Life

Connections Pilot Program
- 18 month program
- mission is to reduce
recidivism and bring
reconciliation to victim,
community and inmate
- done through
reentry-related subjects
from inmates religious or
philosophical perspective
- e.g ethical
decision-making,
anger management,
victim restitution
- participants are matched
with volunteer mentors of
their faith or philosophy
- participants from the same
faith study together in small
groups

Fourth Wave
Feminism
● The first three
waves and
what
distinguishes
them
● When it began
and what
women are
fighting for
● Atwood as a
feminist

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Political Landscape In Germany, Siemens (a company) Corruption in the Tony Price, a

● Prominent paid bribes to government officials higher social sphere prominent antagonist
examples of and civil servants around the world of politics erodes in the novel, utilises
political to evade tax. (discovered in 2006) the general moral bribery and
corruption in Sani Abacha was a Nigerian army values of integrity, deception in gaining
the decade officer and dictator who served as honesty and political power to fire
leading up to the president of Nigeria. He took accountability. The Felix and become the
2015 between US $3 and 5 billion of prominence of Artistic Director - the
public money during his 5-year rule. political corruption catalyst for Felix’s
Former Ukrainian president Viktor suggests that it is revenge. He utilises
Yanukovych syphoned off Ukrainian not surprising in the the position for
public funds for personal benefit, 20th century, political power, and
accepting bribes from outsiders. depicting how his persona as a
In 2009, the government of attitudes towards virtuous public
Malaysia set up a development fund politics are one of servant conceals the
called 1MDB. This was originally anger and untrust. fact he has been
meant to boost the economy, but using his power for
instead boosted the bank accounts his own gain. His
of a few individuals. Through a corruptive behavior
network of shell companies and ends once Felix
layers of transactions. records his
The Gurtel case in Spain: a scheme murderous ploys.
which funnelled illicit donations and
bribes to the then-ruling party in Abuse of power is
exchange for rigged government depicted in various
contracts. settings in the novel,
In the Maldives, approximately with there always
US$1.5 billion was laundered being one ‘leader’.
through fake tourism investments in ● Characters
a scheme where money was come to
transported in cash, and transferred abuse power
to private companies. in their own
In Myanmar, in 2015, it was prisons: ‘Boot
revealed in a report that corrupt in the
military officials and drug lords had kidneys,
been illegally exploiting jade mines homemade
in northern Myanmar and smuggling blade in the
the stones to China. The amount of neck, blood in
jade stones retracted amounted to the shower.’
half of Myanmar’s GDP that same ● Desire for
year. power impairs
ability for
meaningful
relationships:

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‘When he was
following
their antics
on the
Internet…she
was always
out of the
room.’
Decolonisation and
Rise of Revisionist
History
● Examples of
decolonisation
throughout the
20th century
(E.g. India in
1947)
● Changing
nature of the
relationships
between the
colonisers and
the colonised
● Nature of
Revisionist
History and
role in
changing the
colonisation
narrative

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