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Hydrostatics & Manometry Lab Report

This document describes a laboratory experiment on hydrostatics and manometry. The experiment involves using a differential manometer to measure static pressure differences at different points in a fluid system. Students are instructed to collect data by measuring fluid heights at various points and calculating the pressure differences using hydrostatic equations.

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Matauka.F. Mufungulwa
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151 views6 pages

Hydrostatics & Manometry Lab Report

This document describes a laboratory experiment on hydrostatics and manometry. The experiment involves using a differential manometer to measure static pressure differences at different points in a fluid system. Students are instructed to collect data by measuring fluid heights at various points and calculating the pressure differences using hydrostatic equations.

Uploaded by

Matauka.F. Mufungulwa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

LABORATORY 2
TITLE: HYDROSTATICS AND MANOMETRY

NAME: MATAUKA F. MUFUNGULWA


COMPUTER NUMBER: 2019075822
MAJOR: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
COURSE: CEE 3311( FLUID MECHANICS)
LECTURER: MR. L HANDIA
LAB DATE: 20TH MAY, 2022
REPORT DUE DATE: 27TH MAY, 2022

TABLE OF CONTENT

Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..
Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………..

Theory………………………………………………………………………………………

Equipment………………………………………………………………………………….

Procedure……………………………………………………………………………………..

INTRODUCTION

Hydrostaics is a branch of physics that deals with the characteristics of fluids at rest and especially with
the pressure in a fluid or exerted by a fluid on an immersed body. Hydrostatic forces are the resultant
force caused by the pressure loading of a liquid acting on submerged surfaces. Calculation of the
hydrostatic force and the location of the center of pressure are fundamental subjects in fluid mechanics

OBJECTIVES

1. To learn to use differential manometers to measure static pressure at a point in a liquid


2. To measure static of pressure differences within a fluid system.
3. To Estimate relative errors in measuring pressure differences by different methods will also be
made.

THEORY

Hydrostatics, Branch of physics that deals with the characteristics of fluids at rest, particularly with
the pressure in a fluid or exerted by a fluid (gas or liquid) on an immersed body. In applications, the
principles of hydrostatics are used for problems relating to pressure in deep water (pressure increases
with depth) and high in the atmosphere (pressure lessens with altitude). (Robert Curley, 2009)

Useful Equation:

F = pgh

where F is hydrostatic force, p is density of fluid, g is gravity and h is height of fluid.

F = PA,

where F is hydrostatic force, P is pressure, and A is surface are the fluid acts upon.
Manometers: Manometers are used for measuring pressures by balancing the fluid column of fluid
against another column of fluid of known specific gravity. The instrument used to carry out the complete
process is termed a Manometer. Manometers use the relationship between pressure and head to measure
pressure

Types of Manometers:

 Barometer,
 Piezometer
 U-tube Manometer.

The simplest manometer is a piezometer which is an open tube. This is attached to the top of a container
with liquid at pressure.The tube is open to the atmosphere, the pressure measured is relative to
atmospheric so it measures gauge pressure.

EQUIPMENT

 Differential manometer setup


 Measuring tape

PROCEDURE

For five different static configurations, the pressures, the pressures PA and PB at junctions A and B,
respectively, and the pressure difference PA-PB will be calculated by measuring the heights of the fluids
in the manometer tulies relative to the common datum line shown in Fig. 1

Before the initial data are recorded, the supply valve is opened to obtain a controlled maximum height of
water above junction B, while the drain valve is closed. The supply valve is then closed after the initial
height of water h3 has been set, and it remains closed for the remainder of the experiment.

For each setting, measure the fluid heights indicated in Fig. 1 relative to the common datum line by
means of a meter stick. Record the heights of the junction points A and B, as well as all fluid heights, by
using the suggested data sheet in the Appendix.

After recording data for the maximum height b3, adjust the settings by opening and closing the drain
valve to obtain 5 incremental changes of the pressure difference PA PB, and repeat the data collection
sequence described above.
DATA COLLECTION

Initial Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial5

b1 16.9 16.6 16.2 15.9 15.6 15.2

b2 11.5 11.9 12.3 12.7 13.0 13.4

b3 85.4 75.4 65.4 55.4 45.4 35.4

b4 14.8 15.1 15.4 15.9 16.3 16.7

bB 28.5 28.5 28.5 28.5 28.5 28.5

aA 49.5 49.5 49.5 49.5 49.5 49.5

a4 14.7 14.4 14.0 13.5 13.3 12.8

a3 85.4 85.4 85.4 85.4 85.4 85.4

a2 11.9 11.0 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.9

a1 16.2 16.4 16.4 16.4 16.4 16.4


The pressure difference being measured in this lab is the difference from point A and point B. The first
equations comes from using the heights of the water, simply being:

pA−pB=γW ( a3−b3 )+γ W ( bB−aA )

The following equation was used for the mercury:

PA=γW ( b3−b4) + γHg ( b4−a4 ) − γW ( aA−a4)

PA=γW ( b3−bB) + γW (bB−b4 ) + γHg (b4−a4 ) − γW (aA−a4 )

PA=PB+γW (bB−b4 )+SHg γ W ( b4−a4 )−γW ( aA−a4 )

PA−PB=SHg γW ( b4−a4 )+γ W ( bB−aA+a4−b4 )

PA−PB=γW ( SHg−1) (b4−a4 )+γ W ( bB−aA )

REFERENCES
1. Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia Robert Curley. (2009, April 29). hydrostatics.
Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/hydrostatics
2. The University of Zambia, EG365-Fluid Mechanics Lab 1: Hydrostatics and Manometry Lab
Manual.
3.

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