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Applications of Common Ion Effect

The document discusses the common ion effect and how it can be used to control ion concentrations from weak electrolytes, suppress the ionization of chemicals, and allow for selective precipitation during qualitative analysis. It also explains how the common ion effect is utilized in buffer solutions, controlling solubility in precipitation reactions, qualitative chemical analysis, and several other industrial and biological applications.

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Veena Vipinkumar
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235 views

Applications of Common Ion Effect

The document discusses the common ion effect and how it can be used to control ion concentrations from weak electrolytes, suppress the ionization of chemicals, and allow for selective precipitation during qualitative analysis. It also explains how the common ion effect is utilized in buffer solutions, controlling solubility in precipitation reactions, qualitative chemical analysis, and several other industrial and biological applications.

Uploaded by

Veena Vipinkumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APPLICATIONS OF COMMON ION EFFECT

 The common ion effect helps control ion concentrations from weak electrolytes.
 In qualitative mixture analysis, dilute HCl is added before precipitating second group cations.
 HCl suppresses the ionization of H2S, reducing the concentration of S2-, but enough remains to precipitate second
group sulphides.
 In the third group, ammonium chloride suppresses NH4OH dissociation to control OH- ion concentration.
 This method allows for selective precipitation of specific groups of ions during qualitative analysis.
1. Buffer Solutions: Common ion effect is utilized in buffer solutions to maintain a stable pH. By adding a
common ion to a weak acid or base solution, the ionization of the weak acid or base is suppressed, preventing
large changes in pH when acids or bases are added.
2. Solubility Control: In precipitation reactions, the common ion effect is employed to control the solubility of
salts. Adding a soluble salt containing an ion common to the slightly soluble salt reduces the solubility of the
latter, facilitating precipitation.
3. Qualitative Analysis: In qualitative chemical analysis, the common ion effect helps in selective precipitation
of ions from a mixture. By introducing a common ion, the solubility of certain ions is reduced, allowing for
the selective separation and identification of specific ions.
4. Industrial Processes: The common ion effect is used in various industrial processes. For example, in the
production of certain chemicals, controlling the solubility of salts can aid in the separation and purification of
products.
5. Biological Systems: In biological systems, the common ion effect plays a role in maintaining ion
concentrations within cells and tissues. It influences processes like enzyme activity and ion transport across
cell membranes.
6. Environmental Chemistry: Common ion effect is relevant in environmental chemistry, particularly in
understanding the solubility and mobility of ions in natural water bodies and soils. It affects processes such as
mineral dissolution and precipitation.

SOLUBILITY PRODUCT
 In a saturated solution of a salt, a dynamic equilibrium exists between the excess solute and the ions dissolved in
the solution.
 For example, in a saturated solution of sparingly soluble salt like AgCl in water, a small amount of AgCl dissolves
while the rest remains solid.
 The solution remains saturated as long as undissolved salt is present and temperature is constant.
 An equilibrium is established between the dissolved ions and ions in the solid phase of the undissolved salt.
 This dynamic equilibrium ensures that the rate of dissolution equals the rate of precipitation, maintaining
saturation.

APPLICATION OF SOLIBILITY PRODUCT REFER TEXT


Determination of pH-Indicator Method
 The pH indicator method is used for determining pH, relying on the color change of indicators.
 A known quantity of universal indicator, containing various dyes with different color responses to pH, is added to
the solution under test.
 The resulting color is compared to a series of colors from standard buffer solutions with known pH values.
 If the colors match, the pH of the unknown solution is inferred to be the same as the standard solution.
 A colorimeter can enhance accuracy by precisely measuring color intensity.
 This method is suitable only for colorless solutions and offers moderate accuracy.
HENDERSON EQUATION – pH OF BUFFER SOLUTION

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