CHATBOT IN PYTHON

Phase 3
Introduction

➢ In the ever-evolving landscape of healthcare, the

integration of artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing
patient care and promoting proactive health management.

➢ This project aims to create an AI-powered diabetes

prediction chatbot that leverages machine learning
algorithms to analyze medical data and predict an
individual's likelihood of developing diabetes.

➢ The primary objective of this chatbot is to offer early risk

assessment and personalized preventive measures,
empowering individuals to take informed actions to
safeguard their health.

➢ To kickstart this ambitious project, we need to lay the

groundwork and set up a robust environment for developing
and deploying the chatbot. Here's a brief overview of the
initial steps:
Given data set:

Necessary step to follow:

1.Import Libraries:
Start by importing the necessary libraries:

Program:
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
from tensorflow.keras.layers import TextVectorization
import re,string
from tensorflow.keras.layers import
LSTM,Dense,Embedding,Dropout,LayerNormalization

2.Load the Dataset:

Load your dataset into a Pandas DataFrame. You can typically
findhouse price datasets in CSV format, but you can adapt this code
to otherformats as needed.

Program:
df=pd.read_csv('Chatbot.txt',sep='\t',names=['question','answer'])
print(f'Dataframe size: {len(df)}')
df.head()

3. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA):

Perform EDA to understand your data better. This includes checking

for missing values, exploring the data's statistics, andvisualizing it to
identify patterns.

Program:
# Check for missing values
print(df.isnull().sum())
# Explore statistics
print(df.describe())
# Visualize the data (e.g., histograms, scatter plots, etc.)

4. Feature Engineering:

Depending on your dataset, you may need to create new features or

transform existing ones. This can involve one-hot encoding
categorical variables, handling date/time data, or scaling numerical
features.

Program:
# Example: One-hot encoding for categorical variables
df = pd.get_dummies(df, columns=[' Avg. Area Income ', ' Avg.
AreaHouse Age '])

5. Split the Data:

Split your dataset into training and testing sets. This helps you
evaluateyour model's performance later

X = df.drop('price', axis=1) # Features

y = df['price'] # Target variable
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2,
random_state=42)
6. Feature Scaling:
Apply feature scaling to normalize your data, ensuring that all
features have similar scales. Standardization (scaling to mean=0
andstd=1) is a common choice.

Program:
scaler = StandardScaler()
X_train = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test = scaler.transform(X_test)

Importance of loading and processing dataset:

❖ Loading and processing datasets is of paramount importance in

data-driven fields like machine learning and data analysis. A
well-handled dataset serves as the foundation for accurate
modeling, decision-making, and insights. Proper loading
ensures data integrity, preventing errors in subsequent
analyses.

❖ Data processing, which includes cleaning, normalization, and

feature engineering, enhances data quality, making it more
suitable for algorithmic applications.

❖ Effective handling of datasets enables researchers, data

scientists, and AI systems to uncover valuable patterns, trends,
and hidden information, thus facilitating informed decision-
making, predictive modeling, and the advancement of various
domains, from healthcare to finance and beyond.
Challenges involved in loading and preprocessing
chatbot dataset:

1.Data Variety:

➢ Chatbot datasets often contain a wide variety of data formats,

including text, images, and audio. Handling and processing these
diverse data types can be challenging.

2.Data Volume:

➢ Chatbots interact with a large number of users, resulting in

substantial amounts of data. Managing and processing large
volumes of data efficiently is a challenge.

3.Data Cleaning:

➢ Cleaning text data is vital to remove noise, correct spelling errors,

and standardize formats. However, chatbot data often includes
user-generated content with typos, slang, and colloquial language,
making cleaning and normalization challenging.

4.Context Understanding:

➢ To provide relevant responses, chatbots need to understand the

context of a conversation. This involves tracking user history,
recognizing intent, and maintaining context, which can be
complex.
5.Privacy and Security:

➢ Chatbot data often contains sensitive information, such as health

data or personal details. Ensuring data privacy and security while
processing and storing this information is crucial and presents
significant challenges.

How to overcome the challenges of loading and

preprocessing Chatbot dataset:

To overcome the challenges of loading and preprocessing a chatbot

dataset, you can implement the following strategies and best
practices

Data Cleaning and Normalization:

❖ Implement text preprocessing techniques to handle spelling

errors, slang, and colloquial language.
❖ Use libraries for text cleaning, stemming, and lemmatization to
standardize text data.

Data Collection and Annotation:

❖ Gather a diverse and representative dataset to ensure the chatbot

can handle a wide range of user queries.
❖ Annotate the data with intent labels and entities to aid intent
recognition.
Context Management:

❖ Develop context management systems that track user

conversations and maintain context for more coherent
interactions.

Multilingual Support:

❖ Implement language identification techniques to handle

multilingual data.

❖ Use translation services or models to convert non-English queries

into a common language for processing.

Data Privacy and Security:

❖ Anonymize or pseudonymize sensitive user data to protect privacy.

❖ Ensure compliance with data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR)

through robust security measures.

1.Loading the dataset:

➢ Loading the dataset using machine learning is the process of

bringingthe data into the machine learningenvironment so that
it can be usedto train and evaluate a model.
➢ The specific steps involved in loading the dataset will vary
depending on the machine learning library or framework that is
being used.

➢ However, there are some general steps that are common to

most machine learning frameworks

a.Identify the dataset:

➢ The first step is to identify the dataset that you want to load.

➢ This dataset may be stored in a local file, in a database, or in

a cloud storage service.

b.Load the dataset:

➢ Once you have identified the dataset, you need to load it

into the machine learning environment.

➢ This may involve using a built-in function in the machine

learning library, or it may involve writing your own code.

c.Preprocess the dataset:

➢ Once the dataset is loaded into the machine learning

environment, you may need to preprocess it before you can
start training and evaluating your model.

➢ This may involve cleaning the data, transforming the data

into a suitable format, and splitting the data into training and
test sets.
Here, how to load a dataset using machine learning in Python

Program:

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

import seaborn as sns

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler

from sklearn.metrics import r2_score,
mean_absolute_error,mean_squared_error

from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression

from sklearn.linear_model import Lasso from sklearn.ensemble

import RandomForestRegressor

from sklearn.svm import SVR import

xgboost as xg
%matplotlib inline
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")

/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/scipy/__init__.py:146:
UserWarning: A NumPy version >=1.16.5

warnings.warn(f"A NumPy version >={np_minversion}

and<{np_maxversion}"

Loading Dataset:
dataset = pd.read_csv('E:/USA_Housing.csv')

Data Exploration:

Dataset:
Output:

2.Preprocessing the dataset:

▪ Data preprocessing is the process of cleaning, transforming,
and integrating data in order to make it ready for analysis.
▪ This may involve removing errors and inconsistencies,
handling missing values, transforming the data into a
consistent format, and scaling the data to a suitable range.

Segmentation:
In [1]:
data=open('/kaggle/input/simple-dialogs-for-chatbot/dialogs.txt','r').
read()
In [2]:

QA_list=[QA.split('\t') for QA in data.split('\n')]

print(QA_list[:5])

Out [1]:
[['hi, how are you doing?', "i'm fine. how about your
self?"], ["i'm fine. how about yourself?", "i'm prett
y good. thanks for asking."], ["i'm pretty good. than
ks for asking.", 'no problem. so how have you been?']
, ['no problem. so how have you been?', "i've been gr
eat. what about you?"], ["i've been great. what about
you?", "i've been good. i'm in school right now."]]

In [3]:

questions=[row[0] for row in QA_list]

answers=[row[1] for row in QA_list]
In [4]:

print(questions[0:5])
print(questions[0:5])

Out [2]:
['hi, how are you doing?', "i'm fine. how about yourself?", "i'm pretty
good. thanks for asking.", 'no problem. so how have you been?', "i'v
e been great. what about you?"]
["i'm fine. how about yourself?", "i'm pretty good. thanks for asking."
, 'no problem. so how have you been?', "i've been great. what about
you?", "i've been good. i'm in school right now."]
Normalization:

In [5]:

def remove_diacritic(text):
return ''.join(char for char in unicodedata.normalize('NFD',text)
if unicodedata.category(char) !='Mn')

In [6]:

def preprocessing(text):

#Case folding and removing extra whitespaces

text=remove_diacritic(text.lower().strip())

#Ensuring punctuation marks to be treated as tokens

text=re.sub(r"([?.!,¿])", r" \1 ", text)

#Removing redundant spaces

text= re.sub(r'[" "]+', " ", text)

#Removing non alphabetic characters

text=re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z?.!,¿]+", " ", text)

text=text.strip()

#Indicating the start and end of each sentence

text='<start> ' + text + ' <end>'

return text
In [7]:

preprocessed_questions=[preprocessing(sen) for sen in questions]

preprocessed_answers=[preprocessing(sen) for sen in answers]

print(preprocessed_questions[0])
print(preprocessed_answers[0])

Out [3]:
<start> hi , how are you doing ? <end>
<start> i m fine . how about yourself ? <end>

Tokenization:
In [8]:

def tokenize(lang):

lang_tokenizer = tf.keras.preprocessing.text.Tokenizer(
filters='')

#build vocabulary on unique words

lang_tokenizer.fit_on_texts(lang)

return lang_tokenizer
Some common data preprocessing tasks include:
Data cleaning:

➢ This involves identifying and correcting errors and

inconsistencies in the data. For example, this may involve ere
moving duplicate records, correcting typos, and filling in
missing values.

Data transformation:

➢ This involves converting the data into a format that is suitable

for the analysis task. For example, this may involve converting
categorical data to numerical data, or scaling the data to a
suitable range.

Feature engineering:

➢ This involves creating new features from the existing data. For
example, this may involve creating features that represent
interactions between variables, or features that represent
summary statistics of the data.

Data integration:

➢ This involves combining data from multiple sources into a

single dataset. This may involve resolving in consistencies in the
data, such as different data formats or different variable names.

➢ Data preprocessing is an essential step in many data science

projects. By carefully preprocessing the data, data scientists can
improve the accuracy and reliability of their results.
Conclusion:

➢ In conclusion, the process of loading and preprocessing data for

Diabetes Prediction in a chatbot is a critical and foundational
step in building an effective and accurate predictive model.
Proper data handling sets the stage for the success of the entire
project.

➢ loading and preprocessing data for diabetes prediction in a

chatbot is a multifaceted process that requires careful
consideration and attention to detail.

➢ Ensuring data quality, feature engineering, proper scaling, and

ethical handling of sensitive health data are all critical
components of this process.

➢ A well-prepared dataset lays the foundation for an accurate

and reliable diabetes prediction model within your chatbot,
contributing to its overall effectiveness in assisting and
educating users about their health