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Notes Grade-8 Physics

The document provides notes on reflections and refraction of light. It explains that mirrors reflect light according to the law of reflection, where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. It also discusses how light bends, or refracts, when moving between different transparent materials like air and water.

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155 views

Notes Grade-8 Physics

The document provides notes on reflections and refraction of light. It explains that mirrors reflect light according to the law of reflection, where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. It also discusses how light bends, or refracts, when moving between different transparent materials like air and water.

Uploaded by

yaserismail7922
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AL-RASHID INDIAN SCHOOL


FARWANIYA, KUWAIT
GRADE-8
PHYSICS NOTES
TERM-2(2022-23)

12.3 HOW REFLECTIONS FORM


NOTES

When you look in a mirror, you see a clear reflection


of yourself. The picture you see in a mirror is called
an image.

Mirrors reflect light. White paper reflects light.


Why do we see a clear image in a mirror but not in a sheet of paper?
✓ A sheet of paper has a rough surface. When rays of light strike the paper, they are
scattered in all directions.
✓ A mirror has a very flat, smooth surface. Rays of light bounce off a mirror without being
scattered.

Predicting the path of light


• If you shine a ray of light at a mirror, it reflects off the mirror. The law of reflection tells
us about the direction in which the ray is reflected.
• Smooth surfaces reflect light according to the law of reflection.
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• The mirror is represented by a straight line; the


shading shows the back of the mirror.
• The ray of light coming in is called the incident
ray. The ray of light going out is the reflected ray.
• To predict the direction of the reflected ray, we
need to draw the normal to the surface of the
mirror. The normal is a straight line drawn at right
angles (90 °) to the mirror at the point where the
ray is reflected.

The law of reflection of light says that the two angles marked in the diagram are equal.
(Note that each of the angles is measured from the normal to the ray, not from the ray to
the mirror.)
LAW OF REFLECTION
ANGLE OF INCIDENCE = ANGLE OF REFLECTION

12.4 HOW LIGHT BENDS


NOTES

• Light will bend when it travels from one


medium to other.
• Bending of light is called as refraction.
• Light is refracted when it enters or leaves a
transparent material.

• A light ray bends towards the normal when it


passes from air into a transparent material.
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• A light ray bends away from the normal when


it passes from a transparent material into air.

Best example for refraction - The hidden coin


The picture shows a trick you can perform that makes use of refraction. A coin is placed in
the bottom of a can. Move your head so that the coin is just hidden behind the rim of the
can. Now ask someone to carefully pour water into the can. The coin appears!

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