UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL & BIOENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

CLB 10703 March 2024 SESSION 2023/2024

Assignment
Instruction:

The task consists of Parts A and B, which focus on the determination of chemical
equilibrium. Equilibrium is defined as the state of no changes observed on the reaction in the
prolonged time as long as the reaction stays undisturbed. Part A studies Le Chatelier’s
principle to minimize the effect of external stress on the chemical equilibrium of the reaction,
while part B of the study is on the determination of the Kc value for the hydrolysis of ethyl
acetate.
In a group of 3/4, you are required to perform good laboratory techniques such as planning,
running, observing, recording, interpreting, evaluating, and data reporting based on the
following task 1.

Write a full report study by including the following in your content:

1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Results and discussions
4. Conclusion
5. References
7. Solution of pre-lab and post-lab questions.

Report:

Refer to the Assignment Rubric form (Appendix 1) for the arrangement and content of the
essay. Use Arial, font 11. you may write up to a maximum of 15 pages of A4 size paper
including diagrams and a list of references. Be clear and concise.

Your report is due on May 30, 2024 (Week 11).

GOOD LUCK!!!
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Task 1: DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

1.0 Objectives:

i. To study the effects of solubility and complex ion on the equilibrium position and relate with
the Le Chatelier’s Principle.
ii. To determine the equilibrium constant, Kc for hydrolysis of ethyl acetate.

2.0 Materials

Part A: The effect of solubility and complex ion on equilibrium position

1. Saturated sodium chloride solution
2. 6 M Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
3. 1 M Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
4. Complex ion solution of [FeSCN]2+
5. 0.1 M Ferric chloride (FeCl3)
6. 0.1 M Potassium thiocyanate (KSCN)
7. 0.1 M Silver nitrate (AgNO3)

Part B : Determination of Equilibrium Constant

1. 1 M Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
2. 3 M Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
3. Ethyl acetate solution
4. Phenolphthalein indicator

3.0 Equipment / Apparatus

Part A: The effect of solubility and complex ion on equilibrium position

1. Test tubes
2. Pipette 5 ml
3. Dropper

Part B: Determination of Equilibrium Constant

1. Erlenmeyer flask 100 ml

2. Burette 50 ml
3. Erlenmeyer flask 50 ml
4. Pipette 5 ml
5. Small beaker
6. Dropper
7. Retort stand and clamps
4.0 Procedure

Part A: The effect of solubility and complex ion on equilibrium position

i) Effect of Solubility
1. Obtain two dry test tubes and label as Test tube 1 and Test tube 2.
2. Pipette 5 ml of saturated sodium chloride solution into each of the test tube.
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 3. Add 3 ml of 6 M HCl into the Test tube 1 and 3 ml of 1 M HCl into the Test tube 2.
4. Let the mixture in both test tubes to stand for 30 minutes while observing the changes.
5. Discard the mixture and record the observation.

ii) Effect of Complex Ion

1. Obtain four dry test tubes and label as A, B, C & D.
2. Pipette 5 ml of complex ion solution of [FeSCN]2+ into each of the test tube.
To be prepared by the Technician:
Mix 2 ml of 0.1 M FeCl3 solution with 2 ml of 0.1 M KSCN solution. Then dilute the
solution to 100 ml with distilled water in 100 ml volumetric flask.

3. For test tube A : Pipette 1 ml of 0.1 M FeCl3 solution and observe the changes.
4. For test tube B : Pipette 1 ml of 0.1 M KSCN solution and observe the changes.
5. For test tube C : By using a dropper, slowly add 0.1 M AgNO3 solution until no further
change is observed.
6. For test tube D : This tube will act as a control for comparison of color intensity with test
tube A, B & C.
7. Discard the mixture in the test tubes. Record the observation in a proper table.

Part B: Determination of Equilibrium Constant

i) Preparation of samples (to be prepared by the technician during pre-lab)

1. Prepare three different mixtures of HCI solution, distilled water, and ethyl acetate
according to the following combinations.

2. Cap the sample bottles immediately after adding the ethyl acetate and swirl the contents
slowly. Two immiscible layers will remain inside the bottles.

ii) Standardization of 3 M Hydrochloric Acid (HCI)

1. Obtain a dry 50 ml burette and clamp it on a retort stand. Fill the burette with 1 M NaOH
solution.
2. Obtain a clean 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask and pipette exactly 5 ml of 3 M HCl into it. Then
add 20 ml of distilled water and 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Swirl carefully to
mix the solution.
3. Titrate the HCI solution with NaOH solution until a persistent pale pink appears. Record
the volume of NaOH solution used.
4. Discard the mixture in the flask.
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 iii) Titration of samples with 1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

1. Pipette 10 ml of Sample 1 (from Part B(i)) into a clean 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask and add
20 ml of distilled water.
* the added water will not have a rapid effect on the reaction equilibrium and will not be included
in the calculation.

2. Then put 3 drops of phenolphthalein into the flask and swirl the solution carefully.
3. Titrate the sample in the flask with 1 M NaOH solution until a persistent pale pink
appears (same as the previous steps on the standardization of HCI).
4. Record the volume of NaOH solution used.
5. Repeat the steps 1 – 4 for Sample 2 and Sample 3.

5.0 Observation and Data

1. State your observations when 6 M HCl and 1 M HCl were added into the sodium chloride
solution. Explain how that happened according to the Le Chaterlier’s Principle.

2. State your observations as the following ions were added into the complex ion solution of
[FeSCN]2+. Explain and relate with the Le Chaterlier’s Principle.

a) Addition of Fe3+ ions

b) Addition of SCN‾ ions
c) Addition of Ag+ ions

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References:

1. Robert J. Silbey, Robert A. Alberty, George A. Papadantonakis, Moungi G. Bawendi (2021)

Physical Chemistry, 5th edition.