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Introduction To DBMS

This document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS), including data models, database architecture, SQL, database design principles, normalization, transactions, security, backup and recovery, and emerging trends. A DBMS is software that enables creation, management and manipulation of databases to store and retrieve data efficiently through a structured approach.

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parkashvermaji46
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

Introduction To DBMS

This document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS), including data models, database architecture, SQL, database design principles, normalization, transactions, security, backup and recovery, and emerging trends. A DBMS is software that enables creation, management and manipulation of databases to store and retrieve data efficiently through a structured approach.

Uploaded by

parkashvermaji46
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

DBMS
A database management system (DBMS) is a software application that
enables the creation, management, and manipulation of databases. It
provides a structured way to store, organize, and retrieve data efficiently.

by Parkash Verma Ji
Data Models

Conceptual Models Logical Models Physical Models


These define the high-level These specify the data These describe the actual
structure and relationships of structures, relationships, and physical storage and access
data independent of constraints within a database mechanisms used to store and
implementation details. while still abstracting from retrieve data efficiently.
physical storage.
Database Architecture

Database Servers Client-Server Model Data Storage


Database servers are the core The client-server architecture Databases utilize various storage
components of a DBMS, separates the database technologies, from hard drives to
responsible for storing, management tasks, with clients solid-state drives, to optimize
managing, and processing data requesting data and servers performance and reliability for
efficiently. handling the storage and data storage.
processing.
SQL and Relational Databases
SQL Relational Querying Data Data
Fundamentals Model Manipulation
SQL's SELECT
SQL (Structured Relational databases statement allows SQL's INSERT,
Query Language) is store data in users to retrieve UPDATE, and DELETE
the standard language interconnected tables, specific data from one statements enable
used to interact with with rows or more tables, users to add, modify,
relational databases. representing filtering, sorting, and and remove data from
It provides a powerful individual records and aggregating the the database,
set of commands to columns representing results as needed to ensuring it remains
create, manage, and different attributes. answer complex accurate and up-to-
query data stored in This structured business questions. date.
tables. approach enables
efficient data storage
and retrieval.
Database Design Principles

Identify Requirements
1 Understand the business needs and user expectations

Conceptual Design
2
Map out the high-level entities and relationships

Logical Design
3
Translate the conceptual model into a database schema

Physical Design
4 Optimize the database for performance and
scalability

Effective database design is crucial for building robust, efficient, and scalable data-driven applications. The
process starts by thoroughly understanding the requirements, then progresses through conceptual, logical,
and physical design stages to create a well-structured database that meets the needs of the business and its
users.
Database Normalization
Eliminating Redundancy Maintaining Integrity
Normalization removes duplicate data, Normalization enforces data integrity by
ensuring efficient storage and reduced data establishing relationships between tables and
redundancy across a database. eliminating anomalies like update, insertion,
and deletion issues.

Improving Query Performance Enhancing Flexibility


Normalized databases simplify queries by Normalization makes it easier to modify the
breaking down complex data structures into database schema without affecting existing
smaller, more manageable parts. applications and data.
Database Transactions and
Concurrency Control
Atomicity
1
Database transactions must be all-or-nothing

Consistency
2
Transactions must preserve database integrity

Isolation
3
Transactions are independent of each other

Durability
4
Committed transactions persist even on failures

Database transactions ensure data integrity by enforcing the ACID properties - Atomicity, Consistency,
Isolation, and Durability. Concurrency control mechanisms like locks, timestamps, and multi-version
concurrency control enable multiple transactions to access the same data simultaneously without
compromising these properties.
Database Security and Access Control

1 User Authentication 2 Access Privileges


Implement robust authentication Establish a system of roles and permissions
mechanisms like passwords, biometrics, or to control what actions users can perform on
multi-factor authentication to verify user the database, limiting access to only what is
identities and prevent unauthorized access. necessary.

3 Data Encryption 4 Auditing and Monitoring


Encrypt sensitive data stored in the Implement comprehensive logging and
database to protect it from unauthorized monitoring to track all activities performed
access, even if the physical storage is on the database, enabling detection of
compromised. suspicious behavior.
Database Backup and Recovery
Backup Strategies
Implement comprehensive backup plans,
Recovery Procedures
including full, incremental, and differential Develop robust recovery procedures to swiftly
backups, to safeguard your data against restore your database from backups in the
accidental loss or corruption. event of a system failure or data loss incident.

1 2 3

Backup Scheduling
Automate your backup processes to run at
regular intervals, ensuring the latest data is
consistently preserved and easily restorable.
Emerging Trends in DBMS
Database management systems are evolving to meet the demands of big
data, cloud computing, and IoT. Emerging trends include NoSQL databases,
in-memory databases, and self-driving database management systems that
automatically optimize performance and security.

Blockchain technology is also transforming how data is stored and shared,


enabling decentralized, secure, and transparent databases. Artificial
intelligence and machine learning are being integrated into DBMS to
automate tasks and provide intelligent insights.

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