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Network - SLide - Lec - 2

The document discusses fundamentals of information and communication transmission including different transmission media, encoding techniques, data types, analog and digital signals, and electromagnetic spectrum. It also covers basic communication models and terminology related to data transmission between transmitter and receiver via transmission systems.

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9 views9 pages

Network - SLide - Lec - 2

The document discusses fundamentals of information and communication transmission including different transmission media, encoding techniques, data types, analog and digital signals, and electromagnetic spectrum. It also covers basic communication models and terminology related to data transmission between transmitter and receiver via transmission systems.

Uploaded by

y.y.kersh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3/1/2024

Transmission Fundamentals

Information & Communication


 Generation and transfer of information
is critical to today’s businesses
 The exchange of information between
two devices using an electronic
transmission system.
 Networks are the enabling technology
for this process

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Transmission of Information
 Transmission and transmission media
 e.g. twisted pair, fiber, wireless, coax
 Communication Techniques
 encoding, interface, protocols
 Transmission efficiency
 multiplexing, compression

Data Communication Terms


 Data - entities that convey meaning, or
information
 Signals - electric or electromagnetic
representations of data
 Transmission - communication of data by
the propagation and processing of signals

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Data Examples
 Analog data
 Voice
 Images
 Digital data
 Text
 Digitized
voice or
images

Acoustic Spectrum (Analog)

A Generic Communication Model

 Source
 Generates data to be transmitted
 Transmitter
 Converts data into transmittable signals
 Transmission System
 Carries data
 Receiver
 Converts received signal into data
 Destination
 Takes incoming data

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Simplified Communications
Model - Diagram

Simplified Data Communications Model

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Transmission Terminology
 data transmission occurs between a
transmitter & receiver via some medium
 guided medium
 eg. twisted pair, coaxial cable, optical fiber
 unguided / wireless medium
 eg. air, water, vacuum

Electromagnetic Signals
 Function of time
 Analog (varies smoothly over time)
 Digital (constant level over time, followed
by a change to another level)
 Function of frequency (more important)
 Spectrum (range of frequencies)
 Bandwidth (width of the spectrum)

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Electromagnetic Spectrum
• It is the entire range of frequencies and wavelengths of
electromagnetic radiation.
• It has all the different types of light, from the highest-
energy gamma rays to the lowest-energy radio waves.

Frequency and Time domain


Concepts
 analog signal
 various in a smooth way over
time
 digital signal
 maintains a constant level
then changes to another
constant level
 periodic signal
 pattern repeated over time
 aperiodic signal
 pattern not repeated over
time

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Analog Signals
 A continuously varying electromagnetic wave that
may be propagated over a variety of media,
depending on frequency
 Examples of media:
 Copper wire media (twisted pair and coaxial cable)
 Fiber optic cable
 Atmosphere or space propagation
 Analog signals can propagate analog and digital
data

Digital Signals
 A sequence of voltage pulses that may be
transmitted over a copper wire medium
 Generally cheaper than analog signaling
 Less susceptible to noise interference
 Suffer more from attenuation
 Digital signals can propagate analog and
digital data

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Analog Signaling

Digital Signaling

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Figure 4-4 Periodic Signals

WCB/McGraw-Hill

Figure 4-5 Aperiodic Signals

WCB/McGraw-Hill

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