Chapter Two
Chapter Two
Social media platforms are defined as digital tools that enable users to create, share, or exchange
information, ideas, pictures, and videos in the virtual network. Due to the convenience of its use,
and the quality of features and services offered by social media platforms, it offers an
entertaining and rewarding user experience. Its challenging nature is the lure for youngsters to
communicate and share, as the platforms incessantly implement updates to encourage frequent
interactions, messages and other real-time activities among members. According to a survey,
approximately 27 percent of youth spend up to 5 hours a day on their mobile devices for non-
academic activities.
Forty years since the inception of the first social network site in 1978, a global fusion of over
200 social media platforms exist today, connecting over 3 billion people. In 2017, approximately
2.82 billion people (or 37% of the global population) are users of these social media networks,
which is expected to grow to 4.80 billion users by 2025. In 2017, the global use of social media
among young people aged 18-29 years is 90%. This surge in social media use is consequent upon
the instantaneous popularity of social media, facilitated by innovations, lower costs, easy
accessibility of smartphones and better connectivity.
2.1 Introduction
In the field of social media research, two clear streams of academic thought have developed. One
stream focuses on investigating social media addiction, adopted from similar concepts to
internet-related addictive behaviors, and adolescents are particularly targeted due to their heavy
use. The other stream focuses on examining the associations between social media use and
mental health outcomes, with depression and anxiety being the most salient. Despite high
popularity among adolescents and emerging adults, scholars continue to puzzle over the
relationship between social media and mental health. This is because both researchers and
psychologists speculate whether we are in the middle of a severe "mental health crisis" among
youth even though social media provides adolescents with a platform to gain access to social
support, a sense of belonging and help during challenging times.