Ch.

#7
Designof PressWorking Tools
 Outline

Power Presses
Cutting Operations
Type of die cutting operations & their design
Evaluation of
Blanking
Progressive Blanking
Power Presses
Power Presses

A press is a machine with a stationary bed and a

guided slide (or ram) that reciprocates toward and
away from it.
Presses are stroke-controlled devices.

Presses can be:

 Manual (arbor press, screw press, kick press)
 Power (mechanical or hydraulic)
Mechanical Power
Presses

Mechanical - Energy is stored in flywheel

Fast Production Rates
Capacity to 6,000 tons
Mechanical Press
Parts
Press
Capacity

Tonnage
Shut Height
Physical Size Bed
to
Stroke
Ram
Adjustment of Ram
Speed - SPM
Press
Capacity
The distance from the top of
the bolster to the bottom of
the slide (SDAU) is
sometimes called the “shut
height” but “die height” is
the better term.
Drive Configurations

 Direct Drive

 Single
GearReduction

 Multiple
GearReduction
 Hydraulic
Press
 Controlled Stroke
 Smooth operation
 Full tonnage available at top of stroke
 Easy to control
 High Capacity
 50,000+ tons, longer & variable stoke
enabling deep drawing. Hydraulic presses can
reverse mid-stroke
Hydraulic
Press
Air/Oil presses
Press Styles Gap or C-
Frame

Gap Frame Presses

OBI - Open-Back Inclinable
OBS - Open-Back Stationary
ABS - Adjustable Bed Stationary
Deflection

C-Frames will deflect.

The result is
misalignment of
punch and die.

How much they deflect

is the question.
Cont’d
Classification Basedon the Number of Slidesin
Action
 Mechanisms in operation of the presses are :-
a. Single-action press has one reciprocating slide
acting against a fixed bed. -used in metal
stamping operations such as blanking,
embossing, coining and drawing.

b. Double action- two reciprocating slides acting in

the same direction, deep drawing operations

c. Triple-action -two slides working in the same

direction. In addition, the third slide works in the
opposite direction, facilitates reverse drawing,
forming or beading operation
 Cont’d

single action and double action, while the third sketch

represents the inverted double-action variety.
Press Styles (Straight Side Press)

-basically mechanical presses that

work on the principle of eccentric
shaft or eccentric gear drive, provided
with die cushion cylinder.
deflects less under off-center loads
less die wear, deflection is in the
direction of punching

limits die accessibility.

 Double Action Presses
For deep drawing operations
Have separate slides for
Drawing
Blankholding
Press Feeding
Die sets may be designed to accept
blanks or coil stock.
Ancillary Press equipment
Straighteners Apply alternating
compressive and tensile
stresses on the material
to relieve the plastic
deformation that was
developed during
coiling.
Die Cushion or Pressure Pads

Can be used for blank holder pressure

Can be used for liftout

or knockout purposes
to remove stampings
from the die.
 Cutting Operations
Cutting, which includes shearing, is one of the
most common pressworking operations.
• Blanking, Punching & Piercing, Trimming, shaving,
Notching, Perforating , Slitting, Lancing

Blanking or
Piercing die
b. Inverted die

c. Combination die (compound

dies) –in one station, may be
used, as shown
 Types of Cutting Operations

Punching

Lancing
 Slotting- rectangular tool cuts rectangular slot in the
sheet metal.
 Lancing- the workpiece is sheared & bent with one
strike of lancing tool. (tabs, vents & louvers)
 Nibbling –uses overlapping punches. It cuts complex
shapes using round or rectangular punch tools.
 Perforation-involves cutting a large number of closely-
spaced holes in Sheet metal. Specialized tools and
machined are used.
 Notching –remove material from the workpiece in
sheet metal bending section
 shaving, Slitting, etc.
Trimming and Deburring
 What is PressTool Clearance?
The amount of space between punch cutting edge and the die-
cutting edge is known as clearance. For better understanding,
“Clearance is the amount of extra space required in the hole of the
die to allow the punch to pass through to punch a hole in the
material”.
 Cutting Operations
Cutting, which includes shearing, is one of the
most common pressworking operations.
• Blanking, Punching & Piercing, Trimming, shaving,
Notching, Perforating , Slitting, Lancing

Blanking or
Piercing die
 What is Press Tool Clearance?
The amount of space between punch cutting edge and the die-
cutting edge is known as clearance. For better understanding,
“Clearance is the amount of extra space required in the hole of
the die to allow the punch to pass through to punch a hole in the
material”.
 Clearance
• When correct clearances are used, a clean break would appear as a
result of the extension of the upper and lower fractures towards each
other.

• With an insufficient clearance additional cut bands would appear

before the final separation.

• Ductile materials require smaller clearances and longer penetration of

the punch compared to harder materials.
The greater the clearance, the closer the condition approaches
forming instead of cutting

Effect of
certain
clearances
Shearing Operation Force Requirement

Fig. 4-7. Clearance location

related to part, punch and
dimensions: (A) slug is desired
part; (B) slug is scrap.

Fig. 4-8. How to apply

clearances
 Clearance
This clearance depends essentially on the material and
thickness of the sheet metal.
This clearance can be approximated per side C, as

where, t = sheet thickness, mm and ζ= material shear

stress, MPa
Sheet metal tensile strength anddie clearance
 For Example
Piercing a hole of ∅ 20 mm out of 2 mm thick MS sheet.
Punch diameter will be the same as hole size i.e 20 mm.
Die clearance at 2.5% of sheet thickness = 2.0 x 0.025
⇒ 0.05 each side
⇒ Die bore = 20 + 2 x 0.05 = ∅20.10 mm
 Punching / Shearing Force
 The force required to be exerted by the punch in order
to shear out the blank from the stock can be estimated from
the actual shear area and the shear strength of the material.

 P= Lt ζ where

 P= punch force, N

 ζ= shear strength, MPa

 L= Length of cut
 Stripper

 Due to the release of the stored elastic energy in the s tock

left on the die, the stock tends to grip the punch as the punch
moves upward.

 This necessitates the use of a stripper to separate the punch

from the stock.

 The force depends on factors such as position and size of the

punch hole in addition to the material
 Center of Pressure
 Irregularity in the shape of a blank, may result in a bending moment
in the press ram and undesirable deflections and misalignment.
 This is because the summation of shearing forces on one side of the
center of the ram may greatly exceed the forces on the other side.
 Center of pressure= Center of gravity of the perimeter of the blank,
not the area
 A point about which the summation of shearing forces will be
symmetrical.
G
Why is it important to find this point?
The press tool will be designed so that Perimeter of the blank

the center of the pressure will be on

the central axis of the press ram
when the tool is mounted in the
press.
 Center of Pressure

 Calculate the distance X, of the center of pressure C from the axis Y-Y by:

L1x1  L2 x2  L3 x3  L4 x4
X
L1  L2  L3  L4

Calculate the distance Y, of the center of pressure C from the axis X-X by:

L1 y1  L2 y2  L3 y3  L4 y4
Y
L1  L2  L3  L4
 Center of Pressure, Example
 In the following figure, the elements are shown and numbered 1, 2, 3,
etc. Find the center of the gravity.
Element L x y Lx Ly
1 4 0 6.25 0 25 2
2 4.71 1.5 9.25 7.05 43.33
1.5R
3 3.21 4.00 7.00 12.80 22.4
4 2.5 4 5 10 12.5
5 3 1.5 4.25 4.5 12.75 2.5
3
6 1.57 1 0 1.57 0 1
Total 18.98 35.92 115.98

1.5
For semicircle 2: y 
2r 5 4
 3 2
4.25
35.92
X  1.89in (48 mm)
18.98 6
115.98
Y  6.11in (155 mm) 1 0.5 D
18.98
 Peak Cutting Force
Important for determining press size (tonnage)

Fs = S s . L . t
Thickness t
Where
Fs = Shear force
S s = shear strength of metal
L = length of cut edge
t = stock thickness

S s ≈ 0.7 St Length of cut edge or L =

perimeter of this rectangular
St= Tensile strength shape

(F = Stress x Area of material cut = σ. A)

 Peak Cutting Force
Shear strength and tensile strength of
various materials are written in
this table.
 Stripping Force

http://www.diesupplies.com/catalog/accessories/35bbr_a.html

 A properly designed tool needs to have

a method for holding the work while the
punch is pulled back through the t
material.
 This stripping procedure can be either
by a fixed-bridge or spring-loaded
stripper.
Length of cut edge or L =
 Thinner material deforms easily when perimeter
punch is withdrawn from a hole, so the of this rectangular shape
spring loaded stripper should be used.

4
 Stripping Force

 Stripping force depends on:

 Type of material being cut,
 Area of the cut,
 Clearance between punch & die,
 Spring position, etc.
 Rough empirical equation:
 A general estimate of stripping force
F = 1.5 L t may vary from 2.5 to 20 % of the
L and t are in in and F in ton. punch force but 5 to 10% is good for
most application
F = 20,600 L t
L and t are in mm and F in kN.

47
 Press Tonnage
 The sum of all the forces required to cut and form.
 In many cases, the stripping forces must be added to the cutting force.

This is while the spring-

loaded stripper is used.
Because, the springs are
compressed while cutting
the material.
Any other spring forces
for forming, draw pads,
etc will have to be added.
Fixed or tunnel strippers
will keep the press load
to a minimum, but they
will not control the stock
as well as spring-loaded
ones.
 Reducing Cutting Forces
 Cutting forces are characterized by very high forces exerted
for very short periods. It is desirable to reduce these forces.
 The likelihood of design difficulties and outright tool failure
increases if:
 we have punch contours of large perimeters,
 we have many smaller punches,
 high tonnage requirements are concentrated in a small
area.
 Reducing Cutting Forces
Two methods reduce cutting forces and smooth the shock impact of heavy
loads:
1- Adding shear to the die or punch equal to one-third of the material
thickness reduces the tonnage required by 50% for that area being cut
with shear applied.

2- By adjusting the height of the punches so they differ in

length by one-third the material thickness. (they can
cut in sequence rather than all at once). This reduces
the tonnage to one-third!

Relation of Forces to Amount of Shear

Reducing Cutting Forces
 Cont’d

Preferred method of providing

shear on a punch
 Cont’d

cli
p

Angular part of punch shears

tab of the part and curls it; then
the flat part of the punch blanks
the completed piece.

When shear is applied so that

the die face is concave, cutting
progresses from outside to
center.
Type of die cutting operations & their design

The operation of die cutting (shearing) of work materials are

classified as follows:-
• Piercing (Punching)- a round( other contour) cuts a hole in
the work material which is supported by a die having an
opening corresponding exactly to the contour of the punch
• Blanking –the part cut from the work material is usable,
becoming a workpiece
• Lancing- combines bending and cutting along a line in the
work material. It doesn’t leave bent portion or detached slag.
• Cut-off- complete separation of the work material
Typical Single-station Piercing Die
Blanking Die Design page
Compound Die
 SCRAP – STRIP LAYOUT FOR BLANKING

t = specified thickness of the material B = 1.25 t when C is less than 64 mm

B = 1.5 t when C is 64 mm or longer C = L + B, or lead of the die
This Fig shows: Single scrap-strip layout: t is the stock thickness;
B is the space between part and edge of strip; C is the lead of the
die, i. e., the distance from a point to the corresponding point on
the next point; L is the length of the part; H is the part width; W is
the width of the scrap strip.
 SCRAP – STRIP LAYOUT FOR BLANKING

Minimum Scrap-Strip Allowance: If the material to be blanked is 0.6

mm thick or less, the formulas above should not be used.
Instead, dimension B is to be as follows:
Strip width W Dimension B
0 - 75 mm 1.3 mm
76 – 150 mm 2.4 mm
150 – 300 mm 3.2 mm
Over 300 mm 4.0 mm
Allowances for one-pass layouts
 SCRAP – STRIP LAYOUT FOR BLANKING

View A
Single-row layout intended for two passes through the die B = 1.5 t
View B
Double-row layout of blanks with curved outlines: B = 1.25 t
View C
Double-row layout of parts with straight and curved outlines B = 1.25 t

Allowances for one-pass layouts

 SCRAP – STRIP LAYOUT FOR BLANKING
Percentage of Stock Used

If the area of the part is divided by the area of the scrap strip used, the
result will be the percentage of stock used.

If A = total area of strip used to produce a single blanked part, then

A = Pitch x Strip Width, and a = area of the part = L H.
If P = 11.5 mm and W = 32 mm then A = 11.5 X 32 = 368 mm²
If L X 9.5 mm and H = 27 mm then a = 29.5 X 27 = 256.6 mm²
Percentage of stock used:

a 256.5
= = 70% approx.
A 368

Allowances for one-pass layouts

Single Station Dies
Transfer Dies
Workpieces are separate units that are transferred from
one die station (or press) to another)
Die Components
See: The Fabricator
“Die Basics”

Simplest
http://commons.wikimed Case...
ia.or
g/wiki/File:ProgressiveD
ieToy ota-strip-
scrap.jpg
Die Set
Die set model:
http://grabcad.com/stan.wile

See: ANSI B5.25

Posts
Bearings
Die Shoe
Punch Holder
Pin
Die Set Anatomy

Die Shoe
Guide Posts
Pins
Die Block
Strip Guide
Stops
Stripper Plate (fixed) & Perforator Punches
Blanking punch, Punch retainers, Internal
Pilots (stripper removed)
(stripper in place)
Punch retainer hardware in place
Punch Holder in place
 Die Components
See: Danley.com for
spring selection
Springs guidelines (pp 4- 5)
JIS Die Spring Color Code

http://www.lempco.com/PDFs/
AD-JIS-
DieSprings.pdf
Spring Principles

Hooke's Law
https://www.daytonlamina.com/sites/default/fil
Fatigue/endurance limit es/doc/IE M-DieMaxSprings.pdf

Less Travel = Longer Life

Protect surface finish of springs
Use spring cages
Do not alter springs
Keep springs pre-loaded, reduces shock
1/16 of travel or .125 inches minimum
Replace all springs at the same time
Punches and Retainers

Headed (http://www.daytonprogress.com/catalogs/pdf/29.pdf)
 Punches and Retainers

Ball Lock Retainer

http://www.anchorlami
http://www.daytonprogress.co na.co
m/cata m/pdf.d/Punchrite-
logs/pdf/28.pdf Retainers.pdf
Punches and Retainers

Pilots

http://www.daytonprogress.com/catalog
s/pdf/28. pdf
Die Buttons

http://www.daytonprogress.com/catalogs/
pdf/19.pdf
 Screws and Dowels

Dowels – alignment

Screws – Joining

Two dowels are required for proper alignment.

Die Block General Design
Overall dimensions will be determined by:

q Minimum wall thickness required for

Depends upon the
strength, thickness of the stock
q by the space needed for screws and dowels to be cut.
and for mounting the stripper plate.

Stock Die Stock Die

Thickness in (mm) Thickness in (mm)* Thickness in (mm) Thickness in (mm)
0.1 (2.5) 0.03 (0.8) 0.6 (15.2) 0.15 (3.8)
0.2 (5.1) 0.06 (1.5) 0.7 (17.8) 0.165 (4.19)
0.3 (7.6) 0.085 (2.2) 0.8 (20.3) 0.18 (4.6)
0.4 (10.2) 0.11 (2.8) 0.9 (22.9) 0.19 (4.8)
0.5 (12.7) 0.13 (3.3) 1.00 (25.4) 0.20 (5.1)
* For each ton per sq in of shear strength

Die thickness per ton of pressure

 Die Block

The die block size essentially depends on the

workpiece size and stock thickness. Though
sometimes, the type of blank contour and the type
of die may also influence the choice of die block
size.

A number of thumb rules are available which

are essentially based on practical experience.

The die block should be able to withstand the

impact of the punch striking the material.

The value of A should be 1.25 times the die

thickness for smaller dies and 1.5 to 2.0 times for
larger dies.
 Punches
Plain punches
Pedestal punches
Punches mounted in punch plates
Perforator punches
Quill punches
Backup plate
Punches mounted in punch plates
Slug ejection
Plain Punch
 Punches Dimensioning
Determination of the punch dimensions -Diameter of a pierced
round hole equals stock thickness. The unit compressive stress
on the punch is 4 times the unit shear stress on the cut area

The diameters of most holes are greater than stock thickness a value for the
ratio d/t of 1:1 is recommended. Max. allowable length of punch can be
 DESIGN OF PRESS TOOLS
Design of Press tool involves the following steps
a. Determination of force (press tonnage) required for the operation
b. Selection of press for requisite force, workpiece size and shape
c. Determination of shut height of the tool
d. Computing die thickness , and margins (minimum cross-section)
e. Drawing strip layouts and comparing material utilization
f. Design of locating elements
g. Selection of hardware
h. Drawing die plan and selection of pillar die set
i. Deciding punch length and mounting
j. Finding center of pressure and checking scrap disposal
k. Detail drawing
EVOLUTION OF A BLANKING DIE

Die Set Selection

Die Block

Design Punch

Design Stripper

Design Stock

Stops
EVOLUTION OF A BLANKING DIE
Part to be blanked
 EVOLUTION OF A BLANKING DIE
Die Set Selection
A commercially available standardized two-post die set
with 150 mm overall dimensions side-to-side and front-to-back
allows the available 76 mm. wide stock to be fed through it. It is
large enough for mounting the blanking punch on the upper
shoe (with the die mounted on the lower shoe) for producing
the blank shown in the previous slide, since the guideposts can
be supplied in lengths of from 100 to 225 mm.
Since the stock, in this case was available only in a width
of 76 mm the length of the blanked portions extended across the
stock left a distance between the edges of the stock and the ends
of the blank of 6 mm or twice the stock thickness; this allowance
is satisfactory for the 3.2 mm stock.
 EVOLUTION OF A BLANKING DIE
Die Block Design
By the usual ‘rule-of thumb’ method, die block thickness
should be a minimum of 20 mm for a blanking perimeter up to 75 mm
and 25 mm for a perimeter between 75 and 100 mm. For longer
perimeters, die block thickness should be 32 mm. Since the perimeter
of the blank is approximately 178 mm a die block thickness of 38 mm
was specified, including a 6 mm grinding allowance.
There should be a margin of 32 mm around the opening in the
die block; its specified size of 150 x 150 mm allows a margin of 45
mm in which four M10 cap screws and dia. 10 mm dowels are located
at the corners 20 mm from the edges of the block
 EVOLUTION OF A BLANKING DIE
Punch Design
The shouldered punch (57 mm) long is held against a 6 mm
thick hardened steel backup plate by a punch plate 20 mm thick)
which is screwed and doweled to the upper shoe. The shut height of
the die can be accommodated by a 32-ton (JIC Standard) open-back
inclinable press, leaving a shut height of 240 mm. For the conditions
of this case study, shear strength S = 42 kg/mm², blanked perimeter
length L = 178 mm approx. and thickness T = 3.2 mm.
From the equation P = S L T
The pressure P = 42 kgs. X 178 mm X 3.2 = 23.92 tons.
This value is well below the 32-ton capacity of the selected press.
The shut height is 178 mm less the 1.6 mm travel of the punch into the
die cavity.
 EVOLUTION OF A BLANKING DIE
Stripper Design
The stripper that was designed is of the fixed type with a channel or slot
having a height equal to 1.5 times stock thickness and a width of 80 mm to allow for
variations in the stock width of 75 mm. The same screws that hold the die block to
the lower shoe fasten the stripper to the top of the die block.
If, instead of 3.2 mm stock, thin (0.8 mm) stock were to be blanked, a
spring-loaded stripper would firmly hold the stock down on top of the die block and
could, to some extent, flatten out wrinkles and waves in it.
A spring-loaded stripper should clamp the stock until the punch is withdrawn from
the stock. The pressure that strips the stock from the punch on the upstroke is
difficult to evaluate exactly. A formula frequently used is
Ps = 2.5 x L x t kgs.
Where Ps = stripping pressure, in kgs.,
L = perimeter of cut, in mm.
t = stock thickness, in mm.
 EVOLUTION OF A BLANKING DIE
Stock Stops
The pin stop pressed in the die block is the simplest method for
stopping the hand-fed strip. The right-hand edge of the blanked
opening is pushed against the pin before descent of the ram and the
blanking of the next blank. The 4-8 mm depth of the stripper slot
allows the edge of the blanked opening to ride over the pin and to
engage the right-hand edge of every successive opening.
The design of various types of stops adapted for manual and
automatic feeding is covered in a preceding discussion.
EVOLUTION OF A BLANKING DIE
Die Design

A Blanking Die
EVOLUTION OF A PROGRESSIVE BLANKING DIE

Part Specification
Scrap-Strip
Development Press
Tonnage Calculation of
the Die Calculation of
Punches springs
Piloting
Automatic
Stops
EVOLUTION OF A PROGRESSIVE BLANKING DIE
Part Specification

Linkage case
cover
EVOLUTION OF A PROGRESSIVE BLANKING DIE
Product study
Step 1, Part Specification
1. The production is of medium class; therefore a second-class die will
be used.
2. Tolerances required: Except for location of the slots, all dimensions
are in fractions. The slot locations, though specified in decimals, are
not very close. Thus a compound die is not necessary; a two or
three-station progressive die will be adequate.
3. Type of press to be used: Available for this production are presses
of 5-ton, 8-ton, or 10-ton capacity, with a shut height of 175 or 200
mm.
4. Thickness of material: Specified as 3.2 mm standard cold rolled
steel.
EVOLUTION OF A PROGRESSIVE BLANKING DIE
Step 2, Scrap-Strip Development

B = 1.25t = 1.25 x 3.2 = 4 mm

W = H + 2B = 60 + 8 = 68 mm
C = L + B = 60 + 4 = 64 mm

Scrap-strip development for part

EVOLUTION OF A PROGRESSIVE BLANKING DIE
Step 3, Press Tonnage
It is now in order to determine the amount of pressure needed. Only
the actual blanking in the fourth stage need be calculated, since the work
in the first three stages will be done by stepped punches.
From Table, the shear strength S of cold rolled steel is 40 kgs/mm². The
length L of the blanked perimeter equals 60 x 4 = 240 mm. The depth of cut
(stock thickness t) equals 3.2 mm.
From the equation P = S L t
P = 40 kgs./mm² x 240 mm x 3.2 mm
= 30,720 kgs. Or 30.7 tons.
An available press only a 30-ton press with a 190 mm shut height
and a 50 mm stroke. This press is selected. The bolster plate is found to be
300 mm deep, 140 mm from centerline of ram to back edge of bolster, and
600 mm wide. Shank diameter is 64 mm.
EVOLUTION OF A PROGRESSIVE BLANKING DIE
Step 4, Calculation of the Die
The die. The perimeter of the cut equals 240 mm and therefore the
thickness of the die must be 25 mm. The width of our scarp-strip opening is
60 mm with 32 mm extra material on each side of the opening, it will be 60
mm + 64 mm = 124 mm or 130 mm width. The distance from the left side of
the opening in stage 4 to the edge of the opening in stage 1 equals 3 C + 30 + 6
= 192 + 30 + 6 = 228 mm and plus 62mm = 290 mm or 296 mm long.
Therefore the die should be 25 x 130 x 296 mm long.
The die plate. As a means of filling in between the die and the die
shoe, a die plate of machinery steel is used. To secure the die plate to the die
shoe M12 cap screws and dowels are used. A minimum of twice the size of
the cap screw for the distance from the edge of the die to the edge of the die
plate is needed, which will equal 25 mm. Twice this distance = 50 mm and 50
mm added to the size of the die will result in a die plate of 25 x 180 x 346 mm.
Figure in the next slide shows the die and die plate fitted together and with
the holes, which show the sharpening portion and the relief portion.
EVOLUTION OF A PROGRESSIVE BLANKING DIE

The fitting of the die and die plate. Note the shear on stage
4, also the straight edge and the relief at die opening.
EVOLUTION OF A PROGRESSIVE BLANKING DIE
Step 5, Calculation of Punches
Good practice requires 10 per cent of the metal thickness
to be removed from the basic dimension of the blanking punch.
This same value is used on the die opening, since holes are to
be pierced in the blank. The clearance rule will be applied to
the die opening in Stages 1, 2, and 3, and to the punch in Stage
4 (see fig.).
For Stage 4: Blank to be 60 mm. square,
Stock thickness = 3.2 mm; 10% = 0.32 mm.
Punch = 60 –0.32 = 59.68 mm.
Therefore the die opening will equal 60.01 to 60 mm and
the punch will equal 59.68 to 59.67 mm.
EVOLUTION OF A PROGRESSIVE BLANKING DIE

For Stage 2: Slot to be 8 mm wide by 34 mm long .

Die = 8 + 0.32 + 8.32 mm long = 34.32 to 34.33 mm.
Punch will equal 33.99 to 8.00 mm. wide, and 33.99 to 34.00 mm.
long.
The punch and the die opening will have straight sides
for at least 3 mm for sharpening, and then will have a taper
relief of about 1½ deg. to the side. Figure 3-43 also shows a 3
mm shear for the die at Stage 4 and a 3 mm shear for the
punches of Stage 2, and also the stepped arrangement of the
punches for all stages.
EVOLUTION OF A PROGRESSIVE BLANKING DIE

Illustrates calculation of clearance. Shear on punches, Die and

Stepped arrangement of punches to reduce cutting pressure.
EVOLUTION OF A PROGRESSIVE BLANKING DIE

Step 6, springs
A solid stripper plate can be used for this job.
Step 7, Piloting
Figures 3in the previous slide illustrate the arrangement
for piloting. In this case it is direct piloting. However, if the
part did not have a center hole, and the slots and other holes
were too small, indirect piloting would have to be provided.
Step 8, Automatic Stops
Finger stops, illustrated in Fig., will act as stops when a
new scrap strip is being inserted but, after that, an automatic
spring drop stop must be used to halt the scrap strip. Figures in
the next slide illustrate details of the completed drawing of the
die.
EVOLUTION OF A PROGRESSIVE BLANKING DIE

Top and front sectional view of completed die.

Thank You