Name:Janella Matarong Course/Year&Section:BSED-1ENGLA

Subject: EDUC 1203 Instructor: Isaac Montajes Medilo

MODULE 1: PHILOSOPHIES AND HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

LESSON 1. EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES

ACTIVITY 1.1

Direction: Read each item carefully and provide your answers. (3 pts each)

1. According to John Locke. "The learner is an active agent of his own learning". What does it mean and
what does it imply in the teaching process?

 Education, according to John Locke, is not the accumulation of knowledge through the Great
Books. It is Learners interacting with real-world experiences, comparing and reflecting on them
comparison and experience The learner is a proactive rather than a passive participant in his or
her own education. Citizens participate actively and wisely in education from a social
perspective. forming their government and choosing among themselves who will lead them
because they believe that no single individual is meant to reign indefinitely.

2. What does the philosophy of empiricism mean in education?

 Empiricism is a philosophical notion that your understanding of the universe is dependent on

your experiences, especially your sensory experiences.

3. How would you relate the concept of utilitarianism and Spencer's utilitarian education?

 Principles of Teaching and Learning He believed that people in an industrialized society needed a
utilitarian education in order to learn useful scientific skills and subjects. Learning should be a
sensory experience where a student interacts within his/her environment; a slow, gradual, and
inductive process.
4.The modern explosion of knowledge has led to an age of specialization with this concomitant quip:

A specialist knows more and more about less and less.

An expert knows more and more about less and less

until he or she knows everything about nothing.

A related joke cleverly twists this saying:

A generalist knows less and less about more and more

until he or she knows nothing about everything.

Should students be generalists or specialist? Defend your answer.

 Students should become specialists because they do better in disciplines that change quickly,
whereas generalists perform better in fields that change slowly.

5. "Survival of the fittest" is a rule of reality, what are the disadvantages of this fact in classroom setting?
As an educator, what interventions can you do?

 Teaching in groups is not always effective. Some teachers have fixed personalities or are
devoted to a certain teaching technique. Some professors on the team are just disliked by
others.

6. Discuss the relationship of Dewey's "learning through experience" and "Outcome-Based Education
(OBE)

 According to Dewey, powerful educational experience are the outcome of two key principles:
continuity and interaction. Continuity describes how previous and present experiences influence
the future, whereas interaction describes how one's current situation influences one's
experiences.
7. Explain the quotation and discuss the role of schools in this - "The Egyptians had their horses.
Modern man has his jets but today it is still the same moral problems that plague humankind."

 Powerful educational experiences, according to Dewey, are the outcome of two key principles:
continuity and interaction. Continuity describes how previous and present experiences influence
the future, whereas interaction describes how one's current situation influences one's
experiences.

8. Social constructionists firmly commit to have equality or equity in education. Do you think the current
educational system of the Philippines in this time of pandemic upholds to this aim? What is the basis of
your assessment? Defend.

 Yes, because equal chances in education are required for kids to begin with excellent
educational results, and equity helps to ensure that those equal possibilities are adjusted to
make room for students who may require additional aid and attention.

9. What do you know about the "Banking Model of Education? How would you respond to this idea as
an educator?

 Educators responded as likely to be in the Banking Model of Education; teachers act and
students watch. The curriculum is set by the teacher and the pupils adapt to it. The teacher
professes control over the students in order to oppress them. The topic is the teacher and the
students are the objects.

10. Explain why critical pedagogy is characterized by a horizontal type of relationship.

 The teacher-student connection is a democratic approach to education in so far as both the

instructor and the student are open to the prospect of learning from each other, which is made
possible by the critical pedagogy that Freire advocates.
ACTIVITY 1.2

Direction: Present what you have learned about the different educational philosophies in a table
summary.

Educational Philosophy Aim/s and Method/s of Education Classroom Application

1. Locke-Empiricist View He is the defender of modern Philosophy of virtue

empiricism, which is concerned Developmentally Appropriate
with figuring out the boundaries of student-centered learning process
what humans can learn about a
wide range of subjects. Experience
is necessary for education to
effectively develop and acquire
knowledge.

2. Spencer-Utilitarian Education Utilitarianist Engaging real life situation in every

discussion in which they can learn
Human have their own purpose moral values.

3. Dewey-Learning through Learning through experience Engaging Psycho-motor skills in

experience learning

4. Counts-New Social Order Building new social order Open the mind of every students
about the issues happening around
them.

5. Brameld-Social Social reconstructionist Technological education is the new

Reconstructionism trend.

6. Freire-Critical Pedagogy Critical Pedagogy Vs. Banking Challenge the students to become
Method productive and participate actively.

ACTIVITY 2.1

Direction: Read each item carefully and provide your answer. (3 pts each)

1. Why do you think did educational goals differ in the different time periods?

 Because of the curriculum change and how our environment is evolving. The curriculum is
modified to adapt over time as a result of the numerous social developments. Our curriculum
 has been modified to reflect the numerous changes in the world around us and the people we
will need to achieve in the future. That's why the educational goals differ in the different time
period.

2. How should schools function in the society?

 Schools serve a number of crucial roles in modern society. Socialization, social integration,
placement in social groups, and social and cultural innovation fall under this category. Since
education serves so many overt and covert purposes for society, issues with education
eventually affect society.

3. Are the schools effective this time of pandemic especially here in our country? Are you in favor of
academic freeze? Explain

 No, because not all students are capable of blended learning, not all students have laptops and
wifi to use for online classes and not all students are fast learners. In this time of pandemic it is
unfair to those who do not have anything to use. So, for this school year, I support an academic
freeze.

4. Do you think the educational goals of primitive societies, like for survival skills, suffice living in 21st
century?

 No, because in the 21st Century they knew very little to facilitate or survive and change their
lifestyle at that time. Nowadays there are many ways for you to survive.

5. What makes the family the most important agent of socialization?

 Families are considered to be the most essential fundamental socialization agents. Children are
frequently completely reliant on their relatives to provide their fundamental requirements.

6. If a child comes from an extremely deprived home, can schools change the socializing effect of the
family?

 Yes, school alters how children interact with one another, and improved socialization in families
is facilitated by communication between instructors, parents, and children.

ACTIVITY 2.2

Direction: Interview a number of people you know in your area regarding the value of education in
21" century, especially this time of pandemic. Write their responses in the right side of the table.
Attach below pictures as evidences. Follow safety protocols in conducting your Interview.

For your output, be guided by the table below.

Name of Respondents/Year Level How important is education in 21st Century?

Elementary student For me, Education in 21st century is important because
it helps me enhanced my skills and abilities.
Name & Grade: Niño Angelo Constantino

Highschool student As a high school student with this 21st Century it helps
us fosters innovation, promotes teamwork, demands
Name & Grade: Hanah Marie Nobleza and rewards critical thinking, and teaches students the
value of successful communication as well as
communication skills.

College student As we all know in today's generation, innovation has

been one factors in our educational systems. It helps
Name & Year: Marjorie Bughao us understand how to command the digital and
informational world.

Reflection: For you, how important is education in 21st century?

 For me, as a 21st century learner education is very important because it gives us the knowledge
and abilities we need to thrive in the modern world while also fostering our confidence and
abilities. With so much information at our fingertips, 21st century skills are more focused on
making sense of it, sharing it, and using it wisely.

ACTIVITY 2.3

MAJOR OUTPUT: SCRAP BOARD

Direction: In a ⅛ sized illustration board, create a TIME MAP of the key periods of educational history
presented in this lesson, provide each period a brief description which highlights them in the history.
Use scraps to decorate your output.

Be guided by the following rubrics: CONTENT- 50%, CREATIVITY-30%, CLEANLINESS-20%.

 Different Characteristics of Education from different Periods in
Philippine History

LESSON 3: THE HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

ACTIVITY 3.1

Direction: Create graphic organizer illustrating the different characteristics of education from different
periods in Philippine History.
 American Regime Post-colonial
Spanish Period Japanese Regime period up to the
There were three
Pre-Colonial Primary Under the present
levels of education
instruction was Japanese regime,
During the pre during the Postcolonial
made free and the teaching of
colonial period, American period. philosophies of
the teaching of Tagalog, Philippine
most children The "elementary" education in the
Spanish was History, and
were provided level consisted of Philippines
compulsory. This Character
with solely four primary years emerged from a
was ten years Education was
vocational and 3 newly
before Japan had reserved for
training, which intermediate independent
a compulsory Filipinos. Love for
was supervised years. The government's
form of free work and dignity of
by parents, tribal "secondary" or desire to unite
modern public labor was
tutors or those high school level disparate
ACTIVITY education and emphasized. On
assigned for 3.2 consisted of four populations
forty years before February 27, 1945,
specific, years; and the under a common
Direction: Read theeach item carefully and provide your answer.the
American 1. Was equal access
Department of to quality educstion
specialized roles third was the national identity,
met during the:government
(10 points) Instruction was
within their "college" or which was heavily
started an made part of the
communities (for access to quality education
1. Was equal tertiary level. the: (10 points)
met during influenced by
English-based Department of
example, the Religion was not Western
a.) Pre-colonial, public school Public Instruction.
babaylan). part of the conceptions of
system in the
curriculum of the personhood and
 No, because education during this time was informal, unstructured, and decentralized. Fathers
Philippines.
schools. patriotism.
taught their sons how to look for food and other sources of support, while mothers taught their
daughters how to take care of the home. They place less emphasis on academics while ignoring
the child's cognitive development.
b) Spanish period,

 When Spaniards arrived, their main goal was to propagate Christianity. Along with it, the
educational system also fits in. Accessibility is still not universal, though.

c) American regime,

 The country's high school and college education systems were reinforced by American
occupation. It becomes centralized and is modeled after their institutional framework.

d) Japanese regime, and

 It brought an equal education in its own way but its not that focused on the quality. It gives
much effort to fostering a new culture, diffusion of their Language, and eradication of the idea
of the reliance to western states. For me, Japanese did not give the knowledge to survive the
daily aspects of life but their just pushing and forcing the Filipinos for their own motives.

e.) Post-colonial period up to to the present?

 It expanded and included more components of education, like livelihood, in the post-colonial
period.

2. DepEd's mission is "to protect and promote the right of every Filipino to quality, equitable, culture-
based, and complete basic education."Has the Philippine eduactional system from pre-colonial to
present given equal access to quality, culture-based and complete basic education? Or was it a privilege
of a few? Explain your answer. (5 points)

 Yes, I agree that is fair. Sex is not a factor in discrimination, ethnicity, mental capacity, and race.
Both sexes have access to academic opportunities. In addition to encouraging people to
complete their primary and high school educations, the government and families also stress the
importance of earning a college or university degree.

3. In the Philippines, was education a privilege enjoyed by all Filipinos since the pre colonial period? Why
or why not? (5 points)
  The Spaniards mentioned when they came that a large portion of the natives—including men,
women, children, commoners, and servants—were "literate." However, it's extremely unlikely
that they picked it up through formal institutional education. It simply means they could read
and write using their native script, Baybayin. It's most likely that they learnt to read and write
through tutoring or homeschooling.

4. Was the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) in support of equal access to quality
education? Why was it abolished when it did exactly what Filipinos then wanted? (5 points)

 You may be familiar with the SAT as a term for college entrance exams. The ACT and Subject
Tests are involved. These assessments, often known as college entrance exams, are made to
gauge students' abilities and assist universities in determining whether or not they are prepared
for college-level work. The National Common Entrance Examination (NCEE) is given to students
in their sixth year of basic education for admission into Federal Unity Colleges. The NCEE was
abolished in 1994 by then Education Secretary Raul Roco, who stated that he wanted all high
school students to be able to enter college and have a chance of a better career in the future.
Every year, there are two exams.

5. In the Philippines, education from elementary to secondary education is free. What law made tertiary
education free? Research on the tertiary education of other countries. Is it also free, or "only in the
Philippines?" Share your findings. (5 points)

 In August 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte signed into law Republic Act 10931, often known as
the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act, giving impoverished Filipino students the
chance to earn college degrees through free tuition and exemption from other fees in SUCS.