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Fdma Note

The document discusses multiple techniques for wireless communication including FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, and SDMA. It provides details on each technique such as logical separation and examples of cellular systems that use each technique. Key aspects of each multiple access technique are also outlined.

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ggi2020.1940
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© © All Rights Reserved
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20 views

Fdma Note

The document discusses multiple techniques for wireless communication including FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, and SDMA. It provides details on each technique such as logical separation and examples of cellular systems that use each technique. Key aspects of each multiple access technique are also outlined.

Uploaded by

ggi2020.1940
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Multiple Access Techniques for

Wireless Communication

FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
SDMA

A Presentation by Schäffner Harald


Introduction
• many users at same time
• share a finite amount of radio spectrum
• high performance
• duplexing generally required
• frequency domain
• time domain
Frequency division duplexing (FDD)
• two bands of frequencies for every user
• forward band
• reverse band
• duplexer needed
• frequency seperation between forward band
and reverse band is constant

reverse channel forward channel


frequency seperation f
Time division duplexing (TDD)

• uses time for forward and reverse link


• multiple users share a single radio channel
• forward time slot
• reverse time slot
• duplexer is required

reverse channel forward channel


t
time seperation
Multiple Access Techniques

• Frequency division multiple access (FDMA)


• Time division multiple access (TDMA)
• Code division multiple access (CDMA)
• Space division multiple access (SDMA)

Grouped as:
• narrowband systems
• wideband systems
Narrowband systems

• Narrowband FDMA
• Narrowband TDMA
• FDMA/FDD
• FDMA/TDD
• TDMA/FDD
• TDMA/TDD
Logical separation FDMA/FDD

forward channel
user 1
reverse channel

... f

forward channel
user n
reverse channel

t
Logical separation FDMA/TDD

user 1
forward channel reverse channel

... f
user n
forward channel reverse channel

t
Logical separation TDMA/FDD

forward forward
channel channel
user 1 ... user n f
reverse reverse
channel channel

t
Logical separation TDMA/TDD

user 1 user n

forward reverse ... forward reverse f


channel channel channel channel

t
Wideband systems
• CDMA/FDD
• CDMA/TDD
Logical separation CDMA/FDD

user 1
forward channel reverse channel

... code
user n
forward channel reverse channel

f
Logical separation CDMA/TDD

user 1
forward channel reverse channel

... code
user n
forward channel reverse channel

t
Multiple Access Techniques in use

Multiple Access
Cellular System
Technique
Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) FDMA/FDD
Global System for Mobile (GSM) TDMA/FDD
US Digital Cellular (USDC) TDMA/FDD
Digital European Cordless Telephone (DECT) FDMA/TDD
US Narrowband Spread Spectrum (IS-95) CDMA/FDD
Frequency division multiple access FDMA

• one phone circuit per channel


• idle time causes wasting of resources
• simultaneously and continuously
transmitting
Time Division Multiple Access

• time slots
• one user per slot
• buffer and burst method
• Non-continuous transmission
Repeating Frame Structure
One TDMA Frame
Preamble Information Message Trail Bits

Slot 1 Slot 2 Slot 3 … Slot N

Trail Bits Sync. Bits Information Data Guard


Bits

The frame is cyclically repeated over time.


• Preamble 🡪 Address and synchronization
information for base station and subscriber
identification
• Guard times 🡪 Synchronization of
receivers between different slots and
frames
Features of TDMA
• a single carrier frequency for several users
• transmission in bursts
• low battery consumption
• very high transmission rate
• guard slots necessary
Space Division Multiple Access

• Controls radiated energy for each user in space


• using spot beam antennas
• base station tracks user when moving
Space Division Multiple Access

• primitive applications are


“Sectorized antennas”

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