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Laboratory Report - Parallel Operation

The document discusses parallel operation of single-phase transformers. Two or more transformers can be connected in parallel to share a common load. For parallel operation to work successfully, the polarities and voltage ratios of the transformers must be equal. Having equal internal impedances and winding reactance-to-resistance ratios is also desirable for efficient load sharing.

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Mark Jomel Mangampo
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32 views

Laboratory Report - Parallel Operation

The document discusses parallel operation of single-phase transformers. Two or more transformers can be connected in parallel to share a common load. For parallel operation to work successfully, the polarities and voltage ratios of the transformers must be equal. Having equal internal impedances and winding reactance-to-resistance ratios is also desirable for efficient load sharing.

Uploaded by

Mark Jomel Mangampo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BICOL STATE COLLEGE OF APPLIED

SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY


COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND DEVICES


MARK JOMEL MANGAMPO
20-47186
BSEE3A
BICOL STATE COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
City of Naga
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND DEVICES

LABORATORY REPORT NO.: 4


Parallel Operation

OBJECTIVES:
1. To understand the concept of Parallel Operation in Single-Phase transformers.
2. To analyze the connection of a Single-Phase transformer through parallel configuration.
3. To study power, voltage and current between two Single-Phase transformers operated in parallel.

DISCUSSION:
When two or more transformers' primary windings are connected to a common voltage supply
and their secondary windings are connected to a common load. The transformers are then said to be
connected in parallel, implying that they operate in parallel. The figure depicts two parallel-connected
transformers T1 and T2.

Reasons for Parallel Operation:


The following are the primary reasons for running transformers in parallel:

 For large loads, a single large transformer may be impractical or uneconomical, so many small
transformers are paralleled to meet the load demand.
 The spare capacity of the substation can be reduced by running standard-size transformers in
parallel at the substations.
 There is always the possibility of future substation expansion to supply a load with a capacity
greater than that of the transformers already installed. As a result, the total capacity of the
substation can be increased in the future by connecting a new transformer in parallel with existing
transformers.
 If a transformer in a parallel system is damaged and removed for repair and maintenance, there is
no interruption in power supply for essential services.

Conditions for Parallel Operation of Single-Phase Transformers

Necessary Conditions
Two major conditions must be met for the transformers to operate satisfactorily in parallel.

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BICOL STATE COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
City of Naga
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND DEVICES

 The polarities of the parallel connected transformers must be the same. Otherwise, enormous
circulating currents flow through the windings.
 The voltage ratios of the parallel connected transformers must be equal. If the voltage ratios arzze
not the same, even if the primaries are connected to the same voltage supply, the secondaries will
not show the same voltage. As a result, a current circulates in the secondary side, and thus
currents circulate on the primary side. As a result, even when there is no load, the transformers
draw a significant amount of current.

Desirable Conditions
The following conditions are desirable for efficient parallel operation of transformers.
 Internal impedances of parallel connected transformers must be equal.
 The winding reactance-to-resistance ratios should be the same for all parallel-connected
transformers. This ensures that the transformers use the same power factor, sharing the active and
reactive powers based on their ratings.

PROCEDURE:
1. With the Primary windings in unenergized state, connect a common load across the secondary
windings of both transformers.
2. Input a rated voltage across the primaries of each transformer.
3. Record:
- Primary currents of each transformer.
- Secondary currents of each transformer.
- Load current
- Load voltage
4. Calculate the apparent delivered to the load by each unit.
5. Compare the experimental and analytical results.

DATA/MEASUREMENTS:

Transformer 1 Transformer 2

Primary Current 296.9 mA 296.8 mA

Secondary Current 149.8 mA 148.4 mA

Load Voltage 7.63 V 7.63 V

CONCLUSION:

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