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Ch.6 Applications of Differentiation (6.1-6.2)

The document provides lesson material on applications of differentiation, including finding equations of tangents to curves, determining if functions are increasing or decreasing, locating local extrema, and using the first derivative test. Examples and practice problems are provided for each topic.

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74 views16 pages

Ch.6 Applications of Differentiation (6.1-6.2)

The document provides lesson material on applications of differentiation, including finding equations of tangents to curves, determining if functions are increasing or decreasing, locating local extrema, and using the first derivative test. Examples and practice problems are provided for each topic.

Uploaded by

hinchosy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2023-2024

F.4 Mathematics Module II


Ch.6 Applications of Differentiation
Lesson WS
Name:____________________( )
6.1 Tangents to Curves
Tangent to the Curve

The slope of tangent to the curve y = f (x) at point is given by or

Thus, the equation of the tangent L to the curve y = f(x) at is given by:

Example 6.11
For each of the following, find the equation of the tangent to the curve at point P.
(a)
(b)
Quick Practice 6.11
For each of the following, find the equation of the tangent to the curve at point P.
(a)
(b)
Example 6.12
Find the equations of the tangents to the curve which is perpendicular to the straight line
.
Quick Practice 6.12
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve which is parallel to the straight line .
Example 6.13
Find the equations of the tangents to the curve which pass through the point (2, –1).
Quick Practice 6.13
Find the equations of the tangents to the curve which pass through the point (1, 0).
6.2 Local Extrema and First Derivative Test
Notations of intervals

Increasing Functions

Let f(x) be a function defined on an interval, and and be two values in that interval.
If (or ), whenever , then f(x) is increasing (or strictly increasing) on
that interval.
Decreasing Functions

Let f(x) be a function defined on an interval, and and be two values in that interval.
If (or ), whenever , then f(x) is decreasing (or strictly decreasing) on
that interval.
Theorem 6.1

Let f(x) be a differentiable function on the interval (a, b) and continuous on the interval [a, b].

(a) If for all x in (a, b), then f(x) is increasing on [a, b].
If for all x in (a, b), then f(x) is strictly increasing on [a, b].

(b) If for all x in (a, b), then f(x) is decreasing on [a, b].
If for all x in (a, b), then f(x) is strictly decreasing on [a, b].

The converse of the above statements also hold.

Example 6.21
Let f (x) = 4x3 – 3x + 2. Find the range of values of x for which f (x) is
(a) decreasing,
(b) increasing.
Quick Practice 6.21
Let f (x) = –2x3 + 15x2 – 36x + 12. Find the range of values of x for which f (x) is
(a) decreasing,
(b) increasing.
Local Extrema

A function f (x) is said to have a local maximum(relative maximum) at x = if for all x in


an interval (a, b) containing .
The point ( , f ( )) is called a maximum point of the graph of y = f (x).

A function f (x) is said to have a local minimum(relative minimum) at x = if for all x in


an interval (a, b) containing .
The point ( , f ( )) is called a minimum point of the graph of y = f (x).

Remarks:
1. All the maximum points and the minimum points of the graph of a function are called turning
points or extreme points.

2. A function may have more than one local maximum or local minimum.

3. A local extremum is the largest or the smallest value relative to the function values nearby only.
An extreme point does not have to be the highest or the lowest point on the entire graph.

Stationary Point of a Function


A stationary point of a function f (x) is a point where the derivative of f (x) is equal to 0. These points are
called “stationary” because at these points the function is neither increasing nor decreasing. Graphically,
this corresponds to points on the graph of f (x) where the tangent to the curve is a horizontal line.
i.e. slope of tangent to the curve = 0,
First Derivative Test
Let f (x) be a differentiable function on an interval containing .

(a) If f’(x) = 0 and the sign of f’(x) changes from positive to negative as x increasing through , then
f ( ) is a local maximum.

(b) If f’(x) = 0 and the sign of f’(x) changes from negative to positive as x increasing through , then
f ( ) is a local minimum.

Example 6.22
Find the local maximum and local minimum of f (x) = 2x3 + 3x2 – 36x + 5.
Quick Practice 6.22A
Find the local maximum and local minimum of f (x) = 4x3 – 9x2 + 6x.
Quick Practice 6.22B
It is given that f (x) = –x3 + 5x2 – 3x + 1. Find the turning points of the graph of y = f (x).
Example 6.23
It is given a curve .
(a) Find all the stationary points of the curve.
(b) Determine whether each of them is a maximum point or a minimum point.
Quick Practice 6.23
It is given a curve .
(a) Find all the stationary points of the curve.
(b) Determine whether each of them is a maximum point or a minimum point.

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