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Cs 1 Lab Report 12 and 13

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mubasiranwar70
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Spring 2024

CSE103L Circuits & Systems-I Lab

Submitted by:SABAHAT TUFAIL


Registration No. : 23PWCSE2236
Class Section: C

“On my honor, as student of University of Engineering and Technology, I have neither given nor
received unauthorized assistance on this academic work.”

(10 May, 2024)

Department of Computer Systems Engineering


University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar

Student Signature: ______________

Submitted to:
Dr. Muniba Ashfaq
LAB 12 &13
THEVENIN AND NORTON THEOREM
OBJECTIVES :
This lab deals to simplify complex circuit using two techniques
 Thevenin theorem
 Norton therom

THEVENIN THEOREM :
Thevenin’s Theorem states that any complicated network across its load terminals can be
substituted by a voltage source with one resistance in series. This theorem helps in the study of
the variation of current in a particular branch when the resistance of the branch is varied while
the remaining network remains the same.

PROCEDURE :

1. Open the "Schematics" application by conducting a search and initiating the launch
process.
2. Navigate to the "Get new part" option to access the "Part Browser Basics" interface.
3. Input "r" to search for resistors, then place them accordingly by clicking once and
pressing "esc" to confirm.
4. Input "IDC" to search for current source and position it within the schematic layout.
5. Customize the number of resistors based on specific observational requirements.
6. Select the "VDC" option and position it within the schematic layout.
7. Utilize the "draw wire" function to establish connections between components.
8. Input "GND-EARTH" to designate grounding connections.
9. Modify component values by double-clicking on them and making necessary
adjustments.

Figure 1 Orignal Circuit


Figure 2 General circuit

FRIST STEP
I made the circuit open at terminal point ab.

Figure 3 Open circuit at point ab

Finding Vth (Voltage across point ab)


We will consider first loop of circuit as there is no current in second loop.
As 12ohm and 4Ohm are in series .
Req=12+4
Req=16

Calculating I
I=V/R
I=15/16
I=0.9375A
So
Vth would be would be voltage drop across 4ohm resistor beacause it is parallel to point ab.
Vth=(0.9375)(3.75)
Vth=3.75 V
SECOND STEP
Finding Rth
1. Voltage source will be short
2. Current source will be open

Figure 4 Voltage source short

As 12Ω and 4 Ω are in parallel and both are in series with 8 Ω so we will calculate equivalent resisitance
in this way.
PARALLEL RESISTORS
1/Req=1/12+1/4
Req=3 Ω
SERIES RESISTORS
Rth =3 Ω+8 Ω
Rth=11 Ω

Figure 5 Final circuit by thevnin theorem


NORTON THEROM :
Norton's Theorem states that a linear active network consisting of independent or dependent
voltage or current sources and the various circuit elements can be substituted by an equivalent
circuit consisting of a current source in parallel with a resistance.
.

Figure 6 Orignal circuit

FRIST STEP
I removed the resistor from terminal ab and short that.

Rn
The Rn(nortons) would be same as Rth as we calculated above .
RTH=11Ω

Figure 7 short the load


SECOND STEP
I1 is current in first loop and I2 is current in second loop.I2 is required current.
Now to calculate I by mesh analysis
15=12I1 + 4(I1-I2)
0=8I2 + 4(I2-I1)
BY Solving
I2=15/44
I2=0.34 A
I1=1.0225 A
IN is 0.34 A and RN is 11Ω.

Figure 8 Nortons circuit

CONCLUSION :
In this lab, Thevenin and Norton Theorems were employed to simplify complex circuits, revealing crucial
insights for circuit analysis. By systematically open-circuiting and short-circuiting terminals, equivalent
parameters such as Thevenin voltage, Norton current, and resistances were determined.
LAB RUBRICS: (CSE103L: Circuits & Systems-I Lab)
Criteria & Outstanding Acceptable 3 Considerable Below Marks
Point 4 2 Expectations Obtained
Assigned 1
Attendance Attended Attended Attended late Attended late not
and in proper in proper but attentive in attentive in Lab
Attentiveness Time and Time but not Lab
in attentive in Lab attentive in Lab
Lab

Equipment Right selection Rightselection Needs guidance Cannot


/ and operation of of for right appropriately
Instruments appropriate selection of select and
Selection and equipment appropriate appropriate operate
Operation and equipment equipment and equipment and
instruments and instruments instruments to
to instruments to perform
perform to perform experiment.
experiment. perform experiment and
experiment but to
with minor
issues in overcome errors
operation in
operation
Result or 100% target has 75% target has 50% target has None of the
Output/ been completed been completed been completed outputs are
Completion of and well and well but not correct
target formatted. formatted. well
in Lab formatted.

Overall, Demonstrates Demonstrates Has partial idea Has poor idea


Knowledge excellent good knowledge about the Lab about the Lab
knowledge of lab of and and procedure
lab procedure followed
followed
Attention to Submission of Submission of Late Late Submission
Lab Report Lab Report in Lab Report in Submission Very poor
Proper Time i.e. proper time but with proper documentation
in next day of not with proper documentation.
lab., with proper documentation.
documentation.
Instructor Signature: ________________________________

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