Scribd
Upload
8 views

PHYS102 Chp21 Part1

Uploaded by

MA MammL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

PHYS102 Chp21 Part1

Uploaded by

MA MammL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Chapter 21

Electric Charge and Electric Field


Chapter 21

• study electric charge and charge conservation

• see how objects become charged

• calculate the electric force between objects using Coulomb’s law

• learn the distinction between electric force and electric field

• calculate the electric field due to many charges (discrete and continuous cases)

• visualize and interpret electric fields


Electric charge
• Two positive or two negative charges repel each other. A positive charge and a negative
charge attract each other.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.


Electric charge and the structure of matter
• The particles of the atom are the negative electron,
the positive proton, and the uncharged neutron.

• Protons and neutrons make up the tiny dense


nucleus which is surrounded by electrons

• The electric attraction between protons and


electrons holds the atom together.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.


Atoms and ions
• A neutral atom has the same number of protons as electrons.

• A positive ion is an atom with one or more electrons removed. A negative ion has gained
one or more electrons.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.


Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Conductors and insulators

• A conductor permits the easy movement of charge through it.


• An insulator does not.
Charging by induction
• The negative rod is able to charge the metal ball without losing any of its own charge.
This process is called charging by induction.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.


Coulomb’s law

• Coulomb’s Law: The magnitude of the electric force between two point charges is directly proportional

to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.


Coulomb’s law

exp: Three charged particles are arranged in a line, as shown. Calculate the net
electrostatic force on particle 3 due to the other two charges.

‐ + ‐
Coulomb’s law
Coulomb’s law

‐ ‐
Find the position and the charge
of the third charge for the first
two to be in equilibrium
Electric field

• A charged body produces an electric field in the space around it

• We use a small test charge q0 to find out if an electric field is present

• The electric field is defined as the force on a small charge, divided by the
magnitude of the charge:
Electric field
Electric field
Electric field lines
An electric field line is an imaginary line or curve whose tangent at any point is the
direction of the electric field vector at that point.

 Lines point in the same direction as the field.

 Density of lines gives the magnitude of the field.

 Lines begin on + charges; end on – charges


Electric field lines of a point charge

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.


Electric field lines of two charges

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.


Electric field lines of two charges
Electric field & conductor

Electric field inside a conductor is ZERO in the static situation


(that is when the chrages are at rest)

Any net charge on a conductor distributes itself on the surface

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.


Electric field & conductor

Electric field inside a conductor is ZERO in the static situation


(that is when the chrages are at rest)

Any net charge on a conductor distributes itself on the surface

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.


Electric field & conductor

𝟑𝑸

𝟐𝑸

You might also like