PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES TOWARD

HEALTH AND FITNESS 4

(Team Sports)
PE 4 – PATHFit 4

Module 3
(6 hours)
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Module 3

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF BASKETBALL AND
THE RULES OF THE GAME

Introduction

The current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic time can pose a significant

challenge for remaining physically active. Inactivity can have negative effects on our
health. During this time, physical activity, like playing sports, can be a valuable tool
to help you to protect your health.
This module introduces you to a team sport which all Filipinos love –
Basketball. This sport will help you to become fit and healthy. If you are more active,
you feel more energetic and healthier.

Learning Outcome

At the end of the module, you will be able to:

• discuss appropriately the history of Basketball and identify the different
terminologies used in the game;
• show knowledge of the different facilities and equipment, rules of the game
and safety principles;
• enumerate the fundamental skills in basketball; and
• explain the mechanics of the game.

Learning Content

History

Basketball was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian of Scottish

descent at Springfield College Massachusetts. The college was the International
YMCA Training School and the game was invented to provide an indoor activity for
trainee YMCA leaders. When the game was first played, peach baskets were nailed
up at each end of the gymnasium as “goals”, hence the origin of the name
“basketball”.

The first set of rules was published and distributed through the YMCA movement in
1892 and this resulted in the game spreading rapidly throughout Canada and the
USA. 1892 also saw the game played in England for the first time at Birkenhead
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YMCA after the Club President was the game played whilst on a business trip to
Canada. In 1893 the game was introduced into the Physical Training College in
Hampstead (now Dartford College of PE) by Madame Berman Osterberg. Changes
to the game to suit the girls led to the first rules of netball being published in 1901.

Terminologies

In order to contribute to basketball conversations, you’ll need to learn the language.

Below is a list of the most common basketball terms and phrases alongside their
definitions.

Assist - A pass directly leading to a made basket.

Block - Touching a ball before it reaches the hoop, preventing a made basket.

Blocking - A foul committed by obstructing an offensive player with your body.

Boxing out - Using your body to prevent another player from gathering a rebound.

Center - Typically the tallest player on the court who plays closest to the basket.

Charging - A personal foul for when an offensive player runs over a stationary
defensive player.

Crossover - Switching the ball from one hand to the other while dribbling.

Defense - The team without possession of the ball.

Dribbling - Bouncing the ball off the floor repeatedly without picking it up.

Dunk - When a player jumps and throws the ball through the hoop from close range.

Field goal - When the ball goes through the hoop on any shot other than a free
throw, worth either two or three points.

Forward - The 2nd tallest players on the floor after the Center.

Free throw - A shot awarded after a player is fouled, worth one point.

Guard - The smaller players on the court who handle the ball most and play away
from the basket.

Key - The painted area close to the basket.

Offense - The team in possession of the ball.

Pass - To throw the ball to one’s teammates.

Rebound - To gather the ball after a missed shot.

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Shot - An attempt to throw the ball into the hoop.

Three-point-line - The semi-circle surrounding the key. Shots made from beyond this
line count for three points.

Travelling - A violation for moving without dribbling the ball.

Turnover - When a team loses possession of the ball.

Facilities and Equipment

The Court

Courts come in different sizes based on the level and type of basketball being
played. A professional NBA court is 94 x 50 feet or 28 x 15 meters. Courts are
comprised of several foundational components: the baskets, the three-point arcs,
free-throw (foul) lines, and the half court line. Indoor courts are usually made with
polished wood (often maple), while outdoor courts are typically made from paving,
concrete, or asphalt.
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The Ball

The first step in choosing a basketball is to determine what size is ideal for your level
of play. Playing with an incorrectly sized ball can have long-term negative effects on
a player’s technique. Additionally, different leagues have various restrictions
regarding size, material, and color for game balls they permit.

The Backboard and Hoop

A backboard is a piece of basketball equipment. It is a raised vertical board with an

attached basket consisting of a net suspended from a hoop. It is made of a flat, rigid
piece of, often Plexiglas or tempered glass which also has the properties of safety
glass when accidentally shattered. It is usually rectangular as used in NBA, NCAA
and international basketball.

The top of the hoop is 10 feet (305 cm) above the ground. Regulation backboards
are 72 inches (6 feet) wide by 42 inches (3.5 feet) tall. All basketball rims (hoops) are
18 inches in diameter. The inner rectangle on the backboard is 24 inches (61 cm)
wide by 18 inches (46 cm) tall, and helps a shooter determine the proper aim and
banking for either a layup or distance shot.
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Players

A basketball team consists of five players per side and is divided into different
positions. Like most sports the team has very clear roles to support their overall
success:
• Point guard - this is usually the smallest player on the team and has
outstanding passing and handling skills. Their role requires them to move the
ball up court and begin all attacking positions.
• Shooting guard - this player is normally quite tall in stature but is required to
have great distance-shooting skills. A basketball team will usually try to set an
attacking screen and allow the shooting guard to come off teammates and
shoot, pass, or drive at the basket.
• Small forward - this player has a versatile role and is required by the team to be
strong, athletic, have good handling skills, and the ability to shoot effectively
from short and long range.
• Power forward - as the name suggests this player is required to be very
explosive and powerful to ensure they are able to catch passes and hit shots
near the basket.
• Centre - this player is usually the tallest player and is required to post up in
attacking positions. Their height allows them to receive the ball with their back
to the basket and deploy basic skills to make a shot.

Two Primary Categories of Basic Skills

1. Offensive Skills

a) Shooting – is putting the ball in the basket to score points.

i. Layup
ii. Dunk
iii. Mid-range jump shot
iv. Three-points
v. Free throw

b) Passing – is when a player throws the ball to another player on his

team. If that pass directly led to a basket, it is called an assist.
i. Bounce
ii. Overhead
iii. Drop
iv. Baseball

c) Dribbling – is also called ball handling, is the method of bouncing the

ball up and down the floor with one hand to advance it.

d) Offensive Rebounding – is a rebound that you collect from the misses

of your own team.

2. Defensive Skills

a) Stealing – is taking the ball away from an offensive player.

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b) Blocking – is one of the rarest stats of Defensive Skills. It happens

when a defensive player swats a shooting attempt from an offensive
player, preventing \the ball’s trajectory to the basket.

c) Defensive Rebounding – is collecting and securing a missed shot from

an opponent.

Scoring and Rules of the Game

Scoring
In a game of basketball there are three clear ways to score points.
1. Three points - if a shot is successfully scored from outside of the three-point
line.
2. Two points - if a shot is successfully scored from inside of the three-point line.
3. One point - a team is awarded a technical foul then they will receive between
one and three free shots. Each shot scored will be awarded with one point.

Rules
1. A basketball team can have a maximum of five players on the court.
2. Player substitutions can be made at any time and there is no restriction on the
number of substitutions made.
3. A ball can travel through dribbling or passing.
4. A player is no longer able to dribble with the ball once the player puts two hands
on the ball. This does not include catching. At this point, a player must either
pass or shoot.
5. If a team wins possession back in their own half, they have ten seconds to get it
into their opponent's end or a foul will be called.
6. An attacking team has 24 seconds from gaining possession of the ball to shoot
at the basket.
7. After the shot is taken, the clock is restarted for another 24 seconds.
8. After a team scores a basket, the ball is returned back to the opposition to start
again.
9. All fouls that are committed throughout a game are to be accumulated and
when a certain number is reached, the umpire will award a free throw.
10. Depending on where a technical foul is committed, the umpire may award a
number of free throws a player will receive.
11. Violations can be awarded by the officials in basketball for player handling
errors. These include travelling, double dribble, goal-tending and back court
violation.

Safety Principles

To stay as safe as possible, follow these tips.

Safe Basketball Gear:

• a mouthguard to prevent broken teeth and mouth and tongue injuries (this is
required in some leagues)
• protective eyewear
• basketball sneakers that are supportive and fit well
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• an athletic supporter (for guys)

• a supportive sports bra (for girls)

Safe Basketball Training:

• be in good shape before starting the season.
• always warm up and stretch before practice and games.
• stop training if you get hurt or feel pain. Get checked by an athletic trainer,
coach, doctor, or nurse before going back to training.
• play different sports throughout the year to prevent overuse injuries.

Safe Play:
• knowing the rules of the game
• making sure the court is in good condition
• having a first-aid kit available at all practices and games

References

Alvarez, M. et.al., (2011). Physical education 4 : team sports. MandaluyongCity :

Books Atpb. Publishing.

Crean, T. and Pim R. (2007). Coaching team basketball : develop winning players
with a team-first attitude. New York : McGraw-Hill.

Davis, B. (2005). Physical education and the study of sport. USA: Jan Roscoe
Publication.

Fahey, T.D. (2009). Fit & well (8th ed.). New York: The McGraw Hill Companies.

Kenny B. and Gregory C. (2006). Volleyball : steps to success. Champaign, IL :

Human Kinetics

LeBoeuf, M. (2008). Fit & active. USA: Human Kinetics, Inc.

Waite, P. (2009). Aggressive volleyball. Champaign, ILL : Human Kinetics.

Wuest, D &Fisette J. (2009). Foundations of physical education, exercise, science,

and sport. New York: The McGraw Hill Companies