Chapter 16

The p-Block Elements

(Group-13 to Group-18)

Solutions

SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (one option is correct)
1. The correct structural representation of diborane is

H H ⎦
| | H H H ⎥H H⎤
(1) [BH2]+ [BH4]– (2) H·B – B·H (3) B B (4) ⎤ B=B ⎥ H2
| | H H H H H⎦
H H

Sol. Answer (3)

Diborane is an electron deficient compound to minimize electronic deficiency it forms. 2 electron- three center
bond.

Banana Bond
or 3c–2e– bond

H H H

B B
H H H

2. The following sequence of reactions is used to convert Borax into Boron (B)

X  Y
Na 2 [B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 ].8H2 O H3BO 3  B 2O 3  B
Borax Boron

Reagents X and Y are respectively

(1) Acid, Al (2) Base, C (3) Base, Fe (4) Acid, Mg
Sol. Answer (4)
Borax in acidic medium give Boric acid, which on heating forms B2O3. B2O3 when reduced with some reactive
metal forms boron.

Na
B2O3   B  MgO
or
Mg

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42 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

3. Which of the following reaction represents the correct product formation?

(1) Al 4 C 3  H2O  CH4 (2) Mg2C 3  H2O  CH  CH

(3) CaC 2  H2O  C 2H4 (4) Be 2C  H2O  CH3 – C  CH

Sol. Answer (1)

Al4C3 + H2O  CH4 + Al(OH)3

4. Stability of trivalent cation of group 13 will be in order

(1) Ga3+ > In3+ > Tl3+ (2) Tl3+ > In3+ > Ga3+ (3) In3+ > Ga3+ > Tl3+ (4) In3+ > Tl3+ > Ga3+
Sol. Answer (1)
As we go down the group higher oxidation states becomes less stable due to inert pair effect.

5. Ionisation of boric acid in aqueous medium gives which one of the following?
(1) [B(OH)4]– (2) [B(OH)2O]– (3) [B(OH)O2]2– (4) [BO3]3–
Sol. Answer (1)
B(OH)3 + OH–  B(OH)4–

6. Carbon and silicon belong to (14) group. The maximum coordination number of carbon in commonly occurring
compounds is 4, whereas that of silicon is 6. This is due to
(1) Availability of low lying d-orbitals in silicon
(2) Large size of silicon
(3) More electropositive nature of silicon
(4) Both (2) & (3)
Sol. Answer (1)
Silicon can show a coordination number of six because of availability of low lying d orbitals for hybridization.

7. Shortest C – O bond is present in

(1) Carbon monoxide (2) Carbon dioxide (3) Carbonate ion (4) Acetone
Sol. Answer (1)

⎛ 1 ⎞
Bond order in Carbon mono-oxide is 3. Therefore, C — O bond is shortest in CO. ⎜⎜ B.O.  Bond length ⎟⎟ .
⎝ ⎠

8. Boron compounds behave as Lewis acids because of their

(1) Ionisation property (2) Electron deficient nature
(3) Acidic nature (4) Covalent nature
Sol. Answer (2)
Boron compounds behave as Lewis acid because of their electron deficient nature.

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 43
9. In graphite, electrons are
(1) Localised on each carbon-atom (2) Localised on every third C-atom
(3) Delocalised within the layer (4) Present in anti-bonding orbital
Sol. Answer (3)
Graphite forms sheet like structure where each carbon is sp2 hybridized and it has conjugated  bonds which
result into delocalization of electrons and hence graphite conducts electricity.

10. From B2H6 all the following can be prepared, except

(1) H3BO3 (2) B2(CH3)4H2 (3) B2(CH3)6 (4) NaBH4
Sol. Answer (3)
From B2H6, only four terminal hydrogen can be substituted by (CH3) group, so we cannot prepare B(CH3)6. While
other compounds can be prepared.

11. Thermodynamically the most stable form of carbon is

(1) Diamond (2) Graphite (3) Peat (4) Coal
Sol. Answer (2)
Graphite is taken as thermodynamically most stable.

12. The type of hybridisation of boron in diborane is

(1) sp-hybridisation (2) sp 2-hybridisation (3) sp3-hybridisation (4) sp3d 2-hybridisation
Sol. Answer (3)
sp3 hybridisation is present in B2H6.

13. Specify the co-ordination geometry around and hybridisation of N and B atoms in a 1 : 1 complex of BF3 and NH3
(1) N is tetrahedral, sp3 ; B is tetrahedral, sp3 (2) N is pyramidal, sp3; B is pyramidal, sp3
(3) N is pyramidal, sp3; B is planar, sp2 (4) N is pyramidal, sp3; B is tetrahedral sp3
Sol. Answer (1)

H H
H N B H
H B

Both are tetrahedral and sp3 hybridised.

14. Carbon dioxide is used for extinguishing fire because

(1) It has a relatively high critical temperature
(2) In solid state, it is called dry ice
(3) It is neither combustible nor a supporter of combustion
(4) It is a colourless gas
Sol. Answer (3)
CO2 is neither combustible nor a supporter of combustion.

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44 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

15. Boron nitride on reacting with steam gives

(1) NH3 (2) N2O (3) Na2BO2 (4) NO2

Sol. Answer (1)

(BN)x decompose with steam under high pressure to from ammonia.

16. Borax is written as

(1) Na2[B4O5(OH)4]·8H2O (2) Na2B4(OH)7O2·3H2O

(3) Na2OB4O8H2 (4) Na2B4O17H2O

Sol. Answer (1)

Na2 [B4O5 (OH)4]. 8H2O.

17. General oxidation state shown by group 13 elements is

(1) +1 and +3 (2) +1, +2 and +3 (3) +2, +3 and +4 (4) +1 and +4

Sol. Answer (1)

18. Which one of the following elements of group 13 can react with alkali solutions to give H2 gas?

(1) Boron (2) Aluminium (3) Gallium (4) All of these

Sol. Answer (4)

19. Order of boiling point of boron trihalides is as follows

(1) BI3 > BBr3 > BCl3 > BF3 (2) BF3 > BCl3 > BBr3 > BI3

(3) BCl3 > BF3 > BBr3 > BI3 (4) BI3 > BBr3 < BF3 < BCl3

Sol. Answer (1)

20. When we heat borax strongly then it will yield the following compound

(1) NaBO2 (2) B2O3 (3) Na2B4O7 (4) Both (1) & (2)

Sol. Answer (4)

21. Which one of the following elements forms double or triple bond involving p-p bonding?

(1) Carbon (2) Silicon (3) Germanium (4) Tin

Sol. Answer (1)

22. Allotropy is due to

(1) Difference in the number of atoms in the molecules

(2) Difference in the arrangement of atoms in the molecules in the crystal

(3) Difference in physical properties

(4) All of these

Sol. Answer (4)

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 45

23. Which one of the following elements of group 14 have maximum allotropes?

(1) Tin (2) Germanium (3) Silicon (4) Lead

Sol. Answer (1)

24. Organosilicon polymers containing Si—O—Si linkage is called

(1) Silicates (2) Silicones (3) Glass (4) Silica

Sol. Answer (2)

25. Number of points at which tetrahedral units are linked in pyrosilicates is

(1) Five point (2) Six point (3) Two point (4) One point

Sol. Answer (4)

26. In brown ring test for nitrate ions, brown ring is formed due to complex

(1) [Fe(H2O)6]2+ (2) [Fe(H2O)5NO]2+ (3) [Fe(H2O)5NO]3+ (4) [Fe(H2O)5NO2]2+

Sol. Answer (2)

27. Which has bleaching action due to reducing property and it is temporary?

(1) H2O2 (2) O3 (3) SO2 (4) Cl2

Sol. Answer (3)

Others has bleaching action due to oxidising property.

28. On reaction of moist SO2 with potassium permangnate, (Acidic) which is correctly observed?

(1) Colour of KMnO4 is decolourised (2) SO2 is oxidised to SO3

(3) MnO4 is reduced to MnO2 (4) All of these

Sol. Answer (1)

SO2  MnO 4  H2O  SO24  H  Mn2

29. S–S bond is present in

(1) H2S2O7 (2) H2S2O8 (3) H2S2O6 (4) H2SO5

Sol. Answer (3)

O O

S S
O O
HO OH

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46 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

30. In the reaction

Cu  H2SO4  CuSO4  SO2  H2O

(conc.)

H2SO4 behaves w.r.t. Cu as

(1) Dehydrating agent (2) Oxidising agent (3) An acid (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (2)

31. Radioactive element of group 17 is

(1) Polonium (2) Francium (3) Astatine (4) Radium
Sol. Answer (3)

32. Deacon’s process of manufacture of chlorine is represented by the equation

(1) MnO2 + HCl  MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
(2) KMnO4 + HCl  KCl + MnCl2 + H2O + Cl2

CuCl2
(3) HCl  O 2   Cl2  H2O

(4) NaCl + MnO2 + H2SO4  Cl2 + MnCl2 + NaHSO4 + H2O

Sol. Answer (3)

33. The colour shown by halogen is incorrectly given by

(1) F2 = Yellow (2) Cl2 = Colourless (3) Br2 = Red (4) I2 = Violet
Sol. Answer (2)
Cl2 is greenish yellow.

34. Which is incorrectly given according to order indicated?

(1) F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2 ; Oxidising power
(2) HI > HBr > HCl > HF ; Acidic strength
(3) F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2 ; Bond dissociation enthalpy
(4) HF > HI > HBr > HCl ; Boiling point
Sol. Answer (3)
Bond dissociation enthalpy = Cl2 > Br2 > F2 > I2.

35. Cl2 on reaction with excess of NH3 gives

(1) NH4Cl + N2 (2) NCl3 + HCl (3) NH4Cl only (4) NH4Cl + NCl3
Sol. Answer (1)

36. Cl2 on reaction with cold and dilute NaOH gives NaCl and
(1) NaOCl (2) NaClO3 (3) NaClO4 (4) NaClO2
Sol. Answer (1)
It is disproportionation reaction.

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 47
573 K
37. Cl2  F2  A
  
(excess)

Shape of compound A is
(1) Linear (2) Tetrahedral (3) Bent T shape (4) Trigonal bipyramidal
Sol. Answer (3)

A is CIF3 =

38. The correct order of acidic strength is

(1) HClO4 > HClO3 > HClO2 > HClO (2) HClO3 > HBrO3 > HIO3
(3) H3PO2 > H3PO3 > H3PO4 (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)

39. The one with maximum oxidising power is

(1) Hypochlorous acid (2) Chlorous acid (3) Chloric acid (4) Perchloric acid
Sol. Answer (1)
HClO

40. Total number of F–I–F bond angles which are 90º, present in IF7 is
(1) Zero (2) Two (3) Five (4) Ten
Sol. Answer (4)

F F

I F
F

F
F

41. In general interhalogen compounds are more reactive than halogens, except
(1) F2 (2) Cl2 (3) Br2 (4) I2
Sol. Answer (1)

42. Cl2 is used in preparation of poisonous gases, one of them is mustard gas, which can be represented by the
formula
(1) CHCl3 (2) COCl2
(3) CCl3NO2 (4) ClCH2CH2SCH2CH2Cl
Sol. Answer (4)

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48 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

43. Anamolous behaviour of fluorine in group 17 is due to

(1) Small size
(2) High electronegativity
(3) Low F–F bond dissociation enthalpy and absence of vacant d orbital
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)

44. Noble gases are inert to chemical reactivity. This is due to

(1) Completely filled electronic configuration (2) High ionisation enthalpy
(3) More positive electron gain enthalpy (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)

573 K, 60 70 bar

45. Xe  F 
?
2
(1 : 20)

The compound formed in above reaction is

(1) XeF2 (2) XeF4 (3) XeF6 (4) XeOF2
Sol. Answer (3)

46. Which is mismatched regarding the shape?

(1) XeF4 = Square planar (2) XeOF4 = Square pyramidal
(3) XeF6 = Distorted octahedral (4) XeO3 = Bent T shape
Sol. Answer (4)

XeO3 = pyramidal Xe

O O
O

47. Structure of XeO2F2 is correctly represented by

F
O
O F

(1) Xe (2) Xe

O F O
F

O
F

Xe
(3) (4) Both (2) & (3)

F
O

Sol. Answer (2)

More electronegative element placed on axial position.

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 49
48. Ease of liquefaction of noble gases is correctly represented by
(1) He > Ne > Ar > Kr > Xe (2) Xe > Kr > Ar > Ne > He
(3) Ne > Ar > Kr > Xe > He (4) He = Ne = Ar = Kr = Xe
Sol. Answer (2)
Down the group size and molecular mass increases, hence ease of liquefaction increases.

49. Noble gases are slightly soluble in water, it is due to which type of interactions?
(1) London forces (2) Dipole-dipole interaction
(3) Dipole-induced dipole interaction (4) Ion-dipole interaction
Sol. Answer (3)

50. Which has maximum number of lone pair of electrons present on central atom i.e., xenon?
(1) XeF4 (2) XeO2F2 (3) XeF2 (4) XeOF4
Sol. Answer (3)

+ –
51. A + SbF5    [XeF3] [SbF6]

Compound A is
(1) XeF2 (2) XeF4 (3) XeF6 (4) Both (1) & (2)
Sol. Answer (2)

52. P4O10 when treated with cold water gives

(1) Ortho phosphoric acid (2) Meta phosphoric acid
(3) Pyrophosphoric acid (4) Hypophosphorous acid
Sol. Answer (1)
P4O10 + H2O H3PO4

53. Which of the following trihalides of nitrogen behaves as weakest base?

(1) NF3 (2) NCl3 (3) NBr3 (4) NI3
Sol. Answer (1)
Due to high electronegativity of fluorine.

54. The order of bond angle of hydrides of chalcogens in decreasing order is

(1) H2Te > H2Se > H2S > H2O (2) H2O > H2S > H2Se > H2Te
(3) H2O > H2Te > H2Se > H2S (4) H2S > H2Se > H2S > H2Te
Sol. Answer (2)
Bond angle decreases down the group

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50 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

55. The colour of I2 is violet because it

(1) Absorbs violet light (2) Does not absorb light
(3) Absorbs yellow and green light (4) Property of I2
Sol. Answer (3)
The colour of I2 is complimentary to the colour of light absorbed.

56. (NH4)2Cr2O7 on heating evolves a gas which is also given by

(1) Heating NH4NO2 (2) Heating NH4NO3 (3) Mg3N2 + H2O (4) NH4Cl
Sol. Answer (1)

(NH4 )2 Cr2O7  N2

NH4NO2  N2

H
57. K 2Cr2O7  SO2   Products
The oxidation state of chromium changes from
(1) +12 to +6 (2) +3 to +6 (3) +6 to +3 (4) +6 to +4
Sol. Answer (3)
Cr2(SO4)3 a green coloured compound is formed.
So oxidation number changes from 6 to 3.

58. N2O4 is a mixed anhydride because it

(1) Is a mixture of N2O3 and N2O5 (2) Decomposes into two oxides of nitrogen
(3) Reacts with water to give nitric acid (4) Reacts with water to form two acids
Sol. Answer (4)
N2O4 + H2O  HNO2 + HNO3

59. The percentage of available chlorine in a commercial sample of bleaching powder is

(1) 12% (2) 35% (3) 58% (4) 85%
Sol. Answer (2)

60. Which of the following forms an 'acid salt' with base?

(1) HCl (2) HBr (3) HI (4) HF
Sol. Answer (4)

61. A certain compound when burnt gave three oxides. The first and second turned lime water milky but second
formed also form acid in water whose pH = 3 and third element Oxide form aqueous solution of pH = 11. The
elements present in the compound are
(1) C, S, Ca (2) N, S, K (3) C, H, S (4) C, H, Ca
Sol. Answer (1)
CO2, SO2 and CaO.
CO2 and SO2 are acidic.

62. Which of the following gas has highest solubility in water?

(1) NO (2) CO2 (3) SO3 (4) CO
Sol. Answer (3)
Due to higher value of a.

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 51
63. Which of the following is not present in bleaching powder?
(1) Ca(OCl)2 (2) CaO (3) CaCl2 (4) Ca(OH)2
Sol. Answer (2)
Bleaching powder is Ca(OCl)2 + CaCl2.Ca(OH)2.H2O.

64. Which of the following compound is paramagnetic?

(1) N2O4 (2) ClO2 (3) Cl2O7 (4) N2O
Sol. Answer (2)
ClO2 has unpaired electron.

65. The strongest oxidising agent among the following is

(1) ClO4– (2) BrO4– (3) IO4– (4) ClO3–
Sol. Answer (2)
Based on reduction potential.

66. The percentage of p-character in the orbitals forming P–P bonds in P4 is [IIT-JEE-2007]
(1) 25 (2) 33 (3) 50 (4) 75
Sol. Answer (4)
P4, hybridisation of P = sp3
 P character = 75%

67. Aqueous solution of Na2S2O3 on reaction with Cl2 gives [IIT-JEE-2008]

(1) Na2S4O6 (2) NaHSO4 (3) NaCl (4) NaOH
Sol. Answer (2)

68. The reaction of P4 with X leads selectively to P4O6. The X is [IIT-JEE-2009]

(1) Dry O2 (2) A mixture of O2 and N2
(3) Moist O2 (4) O2 in the presence of aqueous NaOH
Sol. Answer (2)

P4  O2  P4 O6
(air)
(78% N2  21% O2 )

69. Extra pure N2 can be obtain by heating [IIT-JEE-2011]

(1) NH3 with CuO (2) NH4NO3 (3) (NH4)2Cr2O7 (4) Ba(N3)2
Sol. Answer (4)

Ba(N3 )2  Ba(s)  3N2 

70. Which ordering of compounds is according to the decreasing order of the oxidation state of nitrogen?
[IIT-JEE-2012]
(1) HNO3, NO, NH4Cl, N2 (2) HNO3, NO, N2, NH4Cl
(3) HNO3, NH4Cl, NO, N2 (4) NO, HNO3, NH4Cl, N2
Sol. Answer (2)
( 5) ( 2) (0) ( 3)
H NO3 , NO, N2 , NH4 Cl

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52 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

71. Concentrated nitric acid, upon long standing, turns yellow-brown due to the formation of
[JEE(Advanced) 2013]
(1) NO (2) NO2 (3) N2O (4) N2O4
Sol. Answer (2)
Conc. HNO3 slowly decomposes as
4HNO3  4NO2 + 2H2O + O2
It acquires yellow-brown colour due to the formation of NO2.

72. The product formed in the reaction of SOCl2 with white phosphorous is [JEE(Advanced) 2014]
(1) PCl3 (2) SO2Cl2 (3) SCl2 (4) POCl3
Sol. Answer (1)

P4  8SOCl2  4PCl3  4SO2  2S2Cl2

(White)

73. Under ambient conditions, the total number of gases released as products in the final step of the reaction
scheme shown below is [JEE(Advanced) 2014]
Complete
Hydrolysis
XeF6 P + Other product
OH–/H2O

Q
Slow disproportionation
–
in OH /H2O
Products

(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3

Sol. Answer (3)
Complete
XeF6 Hydrolysis XeO3 + H2F2

OH–/H2O
–
HXeO4
Slow disproportionation in OH–/H2O

XeO6–4 + Xe(g) + H2O + O2(g)

SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)
1. Which of the following compounds are acidic?
(1) B(OH)3 (2) Al(OH)3 (3) BF3 (4) CO2
Sol. Answer (1, 3, 4)
Acidic are B(OH)3, BF3 and CO2.

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 53
2. Which of the following compounds contain boron?
(1) Borax (2) Colemanite (3) Feldspar (4) Kernite
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 4)
Boron is present in Borax, colemanite and kernite (Na2B4O7.4H2O).

3. Which of the following compound react with BF3 ?

(1) Ethers (2) H2O (3) Ethylalcohol (4) NH3
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
O in ether, H2O and ethyl alcohol form co-ordinate bond with BF3, NH3 also donate lone pair to BF3.

4. Which of the following statement is/are correct regarding B-F bond in BF3?
(1) All the three B-F bond lengths are equal and each of them is shorter than the sum of the covalent radii of
boron and fluorine
(2) The bond energy of the B-F bond is very high, higher than for any other single bond
(3) The unusual shortness and strength of the B-F bond may be explained by p-p interaction between boron
and fluorine atoms
(4) The unusual shortness and strength of the bonds may be explained by a p-d interaction between boron and
fluorine atoms
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)
Due to p – p interaction between boron and F. Bond length is shorter and Bond energy is high.

5. Which of the following compound react with B2H6?

(1) Cl2 (2) CO (3) NH3 (4) (CH3)3N
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
B2H6 react with Cl2, CO, NH3 and (CH3)3 N.

6. Which of the following statement is/are correct?

(1) B(OH)3 partially reacts with water to form H3O+ and [B(OH4)]– and behaves like a weak acid
(2) B(OH)3 behaves like a strong monobasic acid in presence of sugars and this acid can be titrated against
NaOH solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator
(3) B(OH)3 does not donate a proton and hence does not form any salt with NaOH
(4) B(OH)3 reacts with NaOH, forming Na[B(OH)4]
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 4)
B(OH)3 + H2O  B(OH)4– + H+
B(OH)3 + NaOH  Na+ [B(OH)4]–
If sugar or any cis diol is added, equilibrium will shift in forward direction. B(OH)3 behaves as strong acid.

7. Which of the following molecules have zero dipole?

(1) CS2 (2) CO2 (3) CCl4 (4) CH2Cl2
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)
CO2 and CS2 is linear, so dipole moments is zero. CCl4 have regular shape, so  = 0.

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54 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

8. Which of the following halides of carbon are solids?

(1) CF4 (2) CCl4 (3) CBr4 (4) CI4
Sol. Answer (3, 4)
CBr4 and CI4 are solid (van der Waal solid).

9. Borazine is the product of reaction between

(1) B2H6 (2) NH3 (3) BF3 (4) BCl3
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
B2H6  NH3  B3N3H6
1 : 2

10. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

(1) The carbon-dioxide molecule behaves as a nonpolar molecule even though two of its resonating structures.
– + + –
O C O and O C O are dipolar
(2) Carbon di-oxide is the anhydride of the unstable dibasic acid O = C(OH)2
(3) The carbon dioxide molecule is linear because the carbon atom utilizes its sp orbitals to form  bonds
(4) The carbon atom is sp 2 –hybridised in the CO2 molecule as well as the molecule of its hydrate H2CO3
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)
The carbon dioxide molecule behaves as a nonpolar molecule even though two of its resonating structures.
– 
O – C  O  and O  C – O – are dipolar.

O H 
O C O C O
O H
carbon is sp hybridized.

11. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

(1) Aluminium carbide as well as beryllium carbide produce methane gas on treatment with water
(2) On reacting with water, calcium carbide (CaC2) produces acetylene while magnesium carbide (Mg2C3) gives
propyne
(3) Calcium carbide has one sigma and two pi bonds
(4) Diamond is more stable than graphite
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)
CaC2 + H2O  Ca(OH)2 + C2H2
Mg2C3 + H2O  CH3 – C  CH + Mg(OH)2
CaC2 contain Ca+2 and C2–2

12. The possible oxidation states of boron family elements are

(1) + 1 (2) +2 (3) +3 (4) +4
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
Possible oxidation states of Boron family’s elements are 1 and 3.

13. Boric acid is a/an

(1) Arrhenius acid (2) Bronsted acid (3) Lewis acid (4) Monobasic acid

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 55
Sol. Answer (3, 4)
It gives H+ in aqueous solution, proton donar, and electron deficient.

14. BH3 forms dimer as

(1) This is a Lewis acid (2) “H” is mono electronic
(3) Electronegativity difference is less (4) Both are non-metals
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
It is electron deficient compound.

15. AlCl3 can show its co-ordination numbers as

(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 5 (4) 6
Sol. Answer (2, 4)

16. Which of the following compounds give ammonia with water?

(1) Mg3N2 (2) AlN (3) CaCN2 (4) Ca(CN)2
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)
Mg3N2 + 6H2O  3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3
AlN + 3H2O  Al(OH)3 + NH3

17. Which of the following oxides are amphoteric?

(1) CO (2) SnO2 (3) ZnO (4) BeO
Sol. Answer (2, 3, 4)
SnO2, BeO and ZnO are amphoteric.

18. Which of the following ammonium salt evolves N2 on heating?

(1) (NH4)2SO4 (2) NH4NO2 (3) NH4NO3 (4) (NH4)2Cr2O7
Sol. Answer (2, 4)
(NH4)2Cr2O7 and NH4NO2 produce N2 on heating.

19. Bromine react with NaOH to produce

(1) NaBr and NaBrO3 in hot solution (2) NaBr and NaBrO in cold solution
(3) NaBr and NaBrO in hot solution (4) Only NaBr in cold and NaBrO in hot
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
3Br2 + NaOH NaBrO3 + 5NaBr + H2O
This is disproportionation reaction.

20. Which of the following compounds have same hybridisation?

(1) ClF3 (2) PF5 (3) XeF4 (4) SF4
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 4)
ClF3  sp3d
PF5  sp3d
XeF4  sp3d2
SF4  sp3d

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56 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

21. Which of the following statement is/are correct regarding halogens?

(1) All halogens form oxyacids
(2) Oxidising power of halogen F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2
(3) Electron affinity of fluorine is highest
(4) All halogens show oxidation states from –1 to +7
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
All halogens form oxyacid
Oxidising power F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2
Electron affinity of Cl is highest.

22. Which of the following are correctly matched?

(1) HClO < HClO2 < HClO3 < HClO4  Thermal stability
(2) HClO < HClO2 < HClO3 < HClO4  Acid strength
(3) HClO < HClO2 < HClO3 < HClO4  Oxidising power
(4) HI < HCl < HBr < H – F  Acidic strength
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
HClO < HClO2 < HClO3 < HClO4 acidic strength and thermal stability.

23. Which of the following statements are correct statements for H3PO3 and H3PO4 ?
(1) H3PO3 is a dibasic acid (2) H3PO4 is a tribasic acid
(3) H3PO4 is a reducing agent (4) H3PO3 is a reducing agent
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 4)
H3PO3 — Dibasic
H3PO4 — Tribasic
H3PO3 is reducing agent.

24. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?

(1) Haber's process (NH3) (2) Bayer's process (H2SO4)
(3) Birkeland-Eyde process (HNO3) (4) Solvay process (Na2CO3)
Sol. Answer (1, 3, 4)
Refer text.

25. Which of the following compounds show self ionisation in liquid state?
(1) NO2 (2) ClF3 (3) BrF5 (4) PCl5
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)
Fact based.

26. Which of the following compound(s) contain(s) N–N bond?

(1) N2O3 (2) N2O5 (3) N3H (4) N2O4
Sol. Answer (1, 3, 4)
In N2O5, no N–N bond is present.

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 57
27. Choose the correct statement regarding oxy acids of halogens
(1) F does not form oxy acid (2) HClO4 is stronger acid than HBrO4
(3) All oxy acids are monobasic (4) HClO4 is stronger oxidising agent than HBrO4
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
F form HOF.

28. A solution of colourless salt H on boiling with excess NaOH produces a non-flammable gas. The gas evolution
ceases after sometime. Upon addition of Zn dust to the same solution, the gas evolution restarts. The colourless
salt(s) H is (are) [IIT-JEE-2008]
(1) NH4NO3 (2) NH4NO2 (3) NH4Cl (4) (NH4)2SO4
Sol. Answer (1, 2)

All ammonium salt evolves NH3 with NaOH but only NO3 and NO2 ions restarts evolution of NH3 again with
zinc dust.

(A)  NH4NO3  NaOH  NaNO3  NH3  H2O

Zn/NaOH
NaNO3  8[H]   NaOH  NH3  2H2O

(B)  NH4NO2  NaOH  NaNO2  NH3  H2O

Zn/NaOH
NaNO2  6[H]   NaOH  NH3  H2 O

29. The nitrogen oxide(s) that contain(s) N-N bond(s) is(are) [IIT-JEE-2009]
(1) N2O (2) N2O3 (3) N2O4 (4) N2O5
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)

O O O O
 s N—N N—N
N N—O , ,
O O O


30. In the reaction : 2X + B2H6  [BH2(X)2]+ [BH4]– the amine(s) X is(are) [IIT-JEE-2009]
(1) NH3 (2) CH3NH2 (3) (CH3)2NH (4) (CH3)3N
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)
Small bases (NH3 and 1º amine) are able to break the bond of bridged hydrogen in a unsymmetrical manner.

31. With respect to graphite and diamond, which of the statement(s) given below is (are) correct? [IIT-JEE-2012]
(1) Graphite is harder than diamond
(2) Graphite has higher electrical conductivity than diamond
(3) Graphite has higher thermal conductivity than diamond
(4) Graphite has higher C–C bond order than diamond
Sol. Answer (2, 4)
Property-wise graphite is softer than diamond. However both electrical and thermal conductivity of graphite is
higher than that of diamond. Bond order (C–C) in graphite is 1.5 and higher than C–C bond order in diamond.
Hence, answer is (2, 4).

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58 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

32. The correct statement(s) about O3 is(are) [JEE(Advanced)-2013]

(1) O–O bond lengths are equal (2) Thermal decomposition of O3 is endothermic
(3) O3 is diamagnetic in nature (4) O3 has a bent structure
Sol. Answer (1, 3, 4)

33. The correct statement(s) for orthoboric acid is/are [JEE(Advanced)-2014]

(1) It behaves as a weak acid in water due to self ionization
(2) Acidity of its aqueous solution increases upon addition of ethylene glycol
(3) It has a three dimensional structure due to hydrogen bonding
(4) It is a weak electrolyte in water
Sol. Answer (2, 4)

 
H3BO3  H2O 
 B(OH)4  H

CH2 OH CH2 O O CH2

B(OH)4 + B
CH2 OH CH2 O O CH2
In boric acid, planar H3BO3 units are joined by hydrogen bonds to give layered structure.

34. The correct statement(s) regarding, (i) HClO, (ii) HClO2, (iii) HClO3 and (iv) HClO4, is(are)
[JEE(Advanced)-2015]
(1) The number of Cl=O bonds in (ii) and (iii) together is two
(2) The number of lone pairs of electrons on Cl in (ii) and (iii) together is three
(3) The hybridization of Cl in (iv) is sp3
(4) Amongst (i) to (iv), the strongest acid is (i)
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
HClO HClO2 HClO3 HClO4
Cl O 0 1 2 3
lone pair on Cl 3 2 1 0
Hybridization sp3 sp3 sp3 sp3
HClO4 is strongest acid

35. Under hydrolytic conditions, the compounds used for preparation of linear polymer and for chain termination,
respectively, are [JEE(Advanced)-2015]
(1) CH3SiCl3 and Si(CH3)4 (2) (CH3)2SiCl2 and (CH3)3SiCl
(3) (CH3)2SiCl2 and CH3SiCl3 (4) SiCl4 and (CH3)3SiCl
Sol. Answer (2)
(CH3)2 SiCl2 form linear polymer on hydrolysis and (CH3)3 SiCl is a chain terminator.

36. The crystalline form of borax has [JEE(Advanced)-2016]

(1) Tetranuclear [B4O5(OH)4]2– unit
(2) All boron atoms in the same plane
(3) Equal number of sp2 and sp3 hybridized boron atoms
(4) One terminal hydroxide per boron atom

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 59
Sol. Answer (1, 3, 4)
Borax formula is Na2[B4O5(OH)4].8H2O
[B4O5(OH)4]2– has following structure

O H
(–)
B(I)
OO O
H
O
H B(IV)
(–) B(II) B
O (III)
O
O O H
B(I) and B(II) are sp3 hybridized
B(III) and B(IV) are sp2 hybridized.

37. Among the following, the correct statement(s) is(are) [JEE(Advanced)-2017]

(1) AlCl3 has the three-centre two-electron bonds in its dimeric structure
(2) BH3 has the three-centre two-electron bonds in its dimeric structure
(3) Al(CH3)3 has the three-centre two-electron bonds in its dimeric structure
(4) The Lewis acidity of BCl3 is greater than that of AlCl3
Sol. Answer (2, 3, 4)
H e– H e
– H
B – B It has two 3c-2e bonds.
e– e
H H H
Cl Cl Cl
2AlCl3  Al Al No 3c-2e bond
Cl Cl Cl

CH3 CH3 CH3

Al Al Has two 3c-2e bonds.
CH3 CH3 CH3

Also BCl3 is stronger Lewis acid than AlCl3.

38. Based on the compounds of group 15 elements, the correct statement(s) is (are) [JEE(Advanced)-2018]
(1) Bi2O5 is more basic than N2O5
(2) NF3 is more covalent than BiF3
(3) PH3 boils at lower temperature than NH3
(4) The N–N single bond is stronger than the P–P single bond
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)
Basic character of oxide decreases as we move down the group.
 Bi2O5 is more basic than N2O5
- Covalent nature depends on the electronegativity difference between bonded atoms.
 NF3 is more covalent than BiF3
- Boiling point of NH3 is more (due to H-bonding) than PH3
- P–P single bond is stronger than N–N single bond (as in N, due to smaller size of atoms lone pair-lone
pair repulsion will be more)

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60 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension-I

HCl A C2H5OH
Na2B4O7·10H2O B
Borax +NaCl

NH4Cl
C


1. In the above reaction the product (C) resembles with

(1) Graphite (2) Benzene (3) Fullerene (4) Diamond
Sol. Answer (1)


Na2B4 O7  2NH4 Cl   2NaCl  2BN  B2 O3  4H2O

2. Hybridization of B in compound (B) is

(1) sp3 (2) sp2 (3) dsp2 (4) sp3d2
Sol. Answer (2)
A is H3BO3 and B is B(OC2H5)3, sp3 hybridised.

3. Borax structure contains

(1) Two BO4 groups and two BO3 groups (2) Four BO4 groups only
(3) Four BO3 groups only (4) Three BO4 and one BO3 groups
Sol. Answer (1)

OH

B–
O O
HO B O B OH
O O
B
–
OH

Comprehension-II
Allotropes of carbon : There are three forms of carbon. i.e. diamond, graphite and fullerene which exist in crystalline
form. Graphite and diamond occur in nature. The structure of diamond is tetrahedral with sp3 hybridisation and Diamond
exist in 3-D network solid. In graphite, carbon is sp 2 hybridised. Each carbon linked to other carbon atom forms
hexagonal ring. It has a layered structure. Diamond and graphite are purest form of carbon. Fullerene constitute a new
family of carbon allotropes. Consisting of large spheroidal molecule of compound, with general formula C2n. Common
fullerene C60, C70, contain 5 and 6 membered rings.

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 61
1. Which of the following statement is correct regarding C60 fullerene?

(1) It contains 12, six membered ring and 20, five membered ring

(2) It contains 20, six membered ring and 12, five membered rings

(3) It consist of 25, six membered and 12, five membered rings

(4) It consists of 12, six membered and 25, five membered rings

Sol. Answer (2)

C60 fullerene contains 20 six membered rings and 12 five membered rings. In fullerenes no. of five membered
rings are constant.

2. The inter layer distance in graphite is

(1) Very small, the layers being tightly packed

(2) Many times larger than the covalent radius of carbon

(3) More than twice the covalent radius of carbon

(4) The same as the covalent radius of carbon

Sol. Answer (3)

Inter layer distance in graphite is 3.35 Å while covalent bond length is 1.41 Å.

3. Which of the following statement is incorrect for graphite?

(1) Its density is lower than that of diamond

(2) It has a layered structure and the bonding between the layers is very weak

(3) Its layers are very tightly packed, almost without any space between them

(4) It cleaves easily between the layers which accounts for the remarkable softness of the crystals

Sol. Answer (3)

Layer of graphite is not very tightly packed they have a distance of 3.35 Å.

Comprehension-III

H2O Polymerisation
A B (– H2O)
3-D polymer (C)

If (C) is silicone, then answer the following questions:

1. A and B are

(1) R2SiCl2 & R2Si(OH)2 (2) R2SiCl2 & R2Si = O

O
||
(3) RSiCl3 & RSi(OH)3 (4) RSiCl3 & RSi — OH

Sol. Answer (3)

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62 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

2. Mode by which polymerisation is undergoing is

(1) Addition (2) Substitution (3) Elimination (4) Condensation
Sol. Answer (4)

3. Structure of 'C' is

R R
R R
O — Si — O — Si — O
(1) O — Si — O — Si (2)
R R
R R n
n

R R R R
O — Si — O — Si — O O — Si — O — Si

O O O O
(3) (4)
O — Si — O — Si — O O — Si — O — Si
R R n
R R n

Sol. Answer (4)

Comprehension-IV
Nitrogen forms largest number of oxides in which oxidation state of nitrogen varies from +1 to +5 N2O, NO, N2O3,
N2O4 and N2O5 respectively. The largest number of oxides are formed due to capability of forming stable multiple
bonds by nitrogen with oxygen.

1. Which of the following oxides is known as anhydride of nitric acid?

(1) N2O5 (2) N2O3 (3) NO (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (1)
N2O5 + H2O  HNO3

2. Which of the following is/are correct statement(s)?

(1) In N2O4 the N – N bond length is longer than the usual N – N single bond distance
(2) NO2 molecule is angular and N — O bond length is intermediate between a single and a double bond
(3) N2O is linear molecule and has small dipole moment
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Due to more repulsion. N–N bond in N2O4 is longer.

3. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding oxides of nitrogen?

(1) Dinitrogen trioxide dissolves in KOH forming potassium nitrate
(2) Aqueous solution by nitrogen dioxide behave both as a reducing and as an oxidising agent
(3) Nitrous oxide is fairly soluble in cold water and turns blue litmus red
(4) Nitrogen dioxide is soluble in water to form nitric acid only
Sol. Answer (2)
Due to +4 oxidation state.

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 63
Comprehension-V
Almost all elements react with oxygen to form oxide. On the basis of their behaviour, oxide are classified as
I. Acidic oxide II. Basic oxide III. Neutral oxide IV. Amphoteric oxide

1. Which of the following oxides is amphoteric?

(1) TiO2 (2) FeO (3) NO2 (4) MgO
Sol. Answer (1)
TiO2 is amphoteric.

2. Choose the correct pair regarding property given in bracket.

(1) MnO < MnO2 (acidic character) (2) BeO < B2O3 (Basic character)
(3) MgO < CaO (Co. No) (4) Na2O < K2O (Lattice energy)
Sol. Answer (1)
B2O3 is more acidic than BeO.

3. Out of following, choose the correct statement

(1) CO2 is more soluble in water than CO
(2) CO is acidic gas
(3) CO is highly toxic because it increases pH of blood
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (1)

Comprehension-VI
H2SO4 is considered as king of the acids. It is used in chemical industry on large scale. It is a good dehydrating agent.
It is prepared as
Combustion
S + O2 SO2
Oxidation
H2O H2SO4
H2SO4 H2S2O7 SO3

1. The hybridisation of S in H2SO4 will be

(1) sp3 (2) sp2 (3) sp3d (4) sd3
Sol. Answer (1)
sp3

2. Acidic nature of H2SO4 can be increased by

(1) Heating (2) Adding SO3 (3) Diluting solution (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (2)
H2SO4 + SO3 is termed as oleum.

3. Which of the following metal does not react with dil H2SO4?
(1) Zn (2) Mg (3) Cu (4) Na
Sol. Answer (3)

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64 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

Comprehension-VII
The noble gases have closed-shell electronic configuration and are monoatomic gases under normal conditions. The
low boiling points of the lighter noble gases are due to weak dispersion forces between the atoms and the absence
of other interatomic interactions.
The direct reaction of xenon with fluorine leads to a series of compounds with oxidation numbers +2, +4 and
+6. XeF4 reacts violently with water to give XeO3. The compounds of xenon exhibit rich stereochemistry and their
geometries can be deduced considering the total number of electron pairs in the valence shell. [IIT-JEE-2007]

1. Argon is used in arc welding because of its

(1) Low reactivity with metal (2) Ability to lower the melting point of metal
(3) Flammability (4) High calorific value
Sol. Answer (1)

2. The structure XeO3 is

(1) Linear (2) Planar (3) Pyramidal (4) T-shaped
Sol. Answer (3)

3. XeF4 and XeF6 are expected to be

(1) Oxidizing (2) Reducing (3) Unreactive (4) Strongly basic
Sol. Answer (1)

Comprehension-VIII
There are some deposits of nitrates and phosphates in earth's crust. Nitrates are more soluble in water. Nitrates are
difficult to reduce under the laboratory conditions but microbes do it easily. Ammonia forms large number of complexes
with transition metal ions. Hybridization easily explains the ease of sigma donation capability of NH3 and PH3.
Phosphine is a flammable gas and is prepared from white phosphorus. [IIT-JEE-2008]

1. Among the following, the correct statement is

(1) Phosphates have no biological significance in humans
(2) Between nitrates and phosphates, phosphates are less abundant in earth's crust
(3) Between nitrates and phosphates, nitrates are less abundant in earth's crust
(4) Oxidation of nitrates is possible in soil
Sol. Answer (3)
Since nitrates are more soluble in water.
 nitrates are less abundant in earth’s crust.

2. Among the following, the correct statement is

(1) Between NH3 and PH3, NH3 is a better electron donor because the lone pair of electrons occupies spherical
s orbital and is less directional
(2) Between NH3 and PH3, PH3 is a better electron donor because the lone pair of electrons occupies sp3 orbital
and is more directional
(3) Between NH3 and PH3, NH3 is a better electron donor because the lone pair of electrons occupies sp3 orbital
and is more directional
(4) Between NH3 and PH3, PH3 is a better electron donor because the lone pair of electrons occupies spherical
s orbital and is less directional

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 65
Sol. Answer (3)
NH3 is strong Lewis base than PH3 because in NH3, lone pair of electron present in more directional sp3 hybrid
orbital while lone pair of electron in PH3 reside in s orbital which is non-directional.

3. White phosphorus on reaction with NaOH gives PH3 as one of the products. This is a

(1) Dimerization reaction (2) Disproportionation reaction

(3) Condensation reaction (4) Precipitation reaction

Sol. Answer (2)
Oxidation

0 –3 +1
P4 + 3NaOH + 3H2O PH3 + 3NaH2PO2

Reduction

Comprehension-IX
Bleaching powder and bleach solution are produced on a large scale and used in several household products. The
effectiveness of bleach solution is often measured by iodometry. [IIT-JEE-2012]

1. 25 mL of household bleach solution was mixed with 30 mL of 0.50 M KI and 10 mL of 4 N acetic acid. In the
titration of the liberated iodine, 48 mL of 0.25 N Na2S2O3 was used to reach the end point. The molarity of the
household bleach solution is
(1) 0.48 M (2) 0.96 M (3) 0.24 M (4) 0.024 M
Sol. Answer (3)
25 × N = 48 × 0.25
48  0.25
N=
25
 N = 0.48 M
0.48
 M  0.24 M
2

2. Bleaching powder contains a salt of an oxoacid as one of its components. The anhydride of that oxoacid is
(1) Cl2O (2) Cl2O7 (3) ClO2 (4) Cl2O6
Sol. Answer (1)
Oxoacid is HOCl. The anhydride of oxoacid is Cl2O.

Comprehension-X
The reactions of Cl2 gas with cold-dilute and hot-concentrated NaOH in water give sodium salts of two (different) oxoacids
of chlorine, P and Q, respectively. The Cl2 gas reacts with SO2 gas, in presence of charcoal, to give a product R. R
reacts with white phosphorus to give a compound S. On hydrolysis, S gives an oxoacid of phosphorus, T.
[JEE(Advanced) 2013]

1. P and Q, respectively, are the sodium salts of

(1) Hypochlorus and chloric acids (2) Hypochlorus and chlorus acids
(3) Chloric and perchloric acids (4) Chloric and hypochlorus acids

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66 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

Sol. Answer (1)

Cl2  2NaOH(dil.) 

cold
 NaOCl NaCl  H2O
(P)

hot
3Cl2  6NaOH(conc.)   NaClO3  5NaCl  3H2O
(Q)

(P) and (Q) are salts of HOCl and HClO3 respectively.

2. R, S and T respectively, are

(1) SO2Cl2, PCl5 and H3PO4 (2) SO2Cl2, PCl3 and H3PO3
(3) SOCl2, PCl3 and H3PO2 (4) SOCl2, PCl5 and H3PO4
Sol. Answer (1)
Charcoal
SO2  Cl2 
Catalyst
SO2Cl2
(R)

10SO2Cl2  P4  4PCl5  10SO2

(R) (S)

PCl5  4H2O  H3PO4  5HCl

(S) (T)

SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : Aluminium chloride has chloro-bridged structure in vapour phase.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Aluminium chloride in acidified aqueous solution forms [Al(H2O)6]3+.
Sol. Answer (2)
Aluminium chloride exist as

Cl Cl Cl
Al Al
Cl Cl Cl
In aqueous medium, due to small size and vacant d orbital Al+3 form [Al(H2O)6]+3.

2. STATEMENT-1 : B(OH)3 behaves as a Lewis acid.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Second ionisation is very much difficult in Boric acid.
Sol. Answer (2)
B(OH)3 accepts OH–, so it behaves as weak Lewis acid.

3. STATEMENT-1 : B does not form [BF6]3–.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Maximum covalency number of B is 4.
Sol. Answer (2)
B cannot form [BF6]–3 because it does not have vacant orbitals of appropriate energy to extend coordination
sphere co-ordination number of Boron is 4.

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 67
4. STATEMENT-1 : B2H6 on heating with excess of ammonia forms boron nitride.
and
STATEMENT-2 : B2H6 contain three centre two electron pair bonds.
Sol. Answer (2)


B 2H6  NH3  BNx
excess

In B2H6, two 3C – 2e bonds are present.

5. STATEMENT-1 : BCl3 and CCl4 do not undergo hydrolysis.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Both B and carbon do not have empty d-orbitals.
Sol. Answer (4)
Due to absence of d orbital, BCl3 and CCl4 do not undergo hydrolysis.

6. STATEMENT-1 : Silicones are used as high class industrial insulators.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Silicones are large covalent solids so bad conductors of electricity.
Sol. Answer (1)

7. STATEMENT-1 : Pyro-silicates are 1-D polymers.

and
STATEMENT-2 : In pyro-silicates two orthosilicates are connected through one oxygen atom common.
Sol. Answer (4)

8. STATEMENT-1 : Inter-stitial carbides are formed when heavy metals react chemically with C(gas).
and
STATEMENT-2 : In such carbides 'C' occupy voids available in heavy metals.
Sol. Answer (4)

9. STATEMENT-1 : All clathrate compounds of noble gases are the compounds in which the molecules of noble
gases are trapped in cavities in the lattice of their compounds.
and
STATEMENT-2 : He and Ne having smaller size donot form clathrate compounds, molecules are small enough
to escape from cavities.
Sol. Answer (1)
Reason is the correct explanation for statement (1).

10. STATEMENT-1 : PCl5 is ionic in solid state.

and
STATEMENT-2 : It exists as [PCl4]+ [PCl6]–.
Sol. Answer (1)
 
PCl5 when solid exist as [PCl4 ] [PCl6 ] .

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68 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

11. STATEMENT-1 : Bond energy of HI is smaller than that of HBr.

and
STATEMENT-2 : HBr is stronger acid than HI.
Sol. Answer (3)
Due to large bond length, bond energy of HI is less than HBr. But HI is stronger acid than HBr.

12. STATEMENT-1 : NCl3 is hydrolysed by water but NF3 is not hydrolysed.

and
STATEMENT-2 : N does not has vacant orbital for expansion of octet.
Sol. Answer (2)
NCl3 hydrolysis because of presence of d orbital on chlorine while in NF3 neither N nor F have d orbital.

13. STATEMENT-1 : Peroxo mono sulphuric acid has low basicity.

and
STATEMENT-2 : It has one O – O bond.
Sol. Answer (2)
Peroxo mono sulphuric acid has low basicity and it contains one O—O bond.

14. STATEMENT-1 : HF is weaker acid than HCl.

and
STATEMENT-2 : F– has high hydration energy than Cl–.
Sol. Answer (2)
Bond energy of HF is high.

15. STATEMENT-1 : ICl2 is a linear species.

and

STATEMENT-2 : In ICl2 , I is sp hybridised.

Sol. Answer (3)

Hybridisation of iodine is sp3d.

16. STATEMENT-1 : NH3 is more basic than NF3.

and
STATEMENT-2 : F is more electronegative than H.
Sol. Answer (1)

17. STATEMENT-1 : H2S is weak diprotic acid.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Salt of aq. Na2S has pH greater than 7.
Sol. Answer (2)

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 69

18. STATEMENT-1 : All Noble gases are considered as unreactive.

and

STATEMENT-2 : Down the group, melting and boiling point increases.

Sol. Answer (4)

Xe form some compound with F and O.

19. STATEMENT-1 : NH4NO3 evolves a gas on addition of NaOH.

and

STATEMENT-2 : Same gas is evolved on addition of NaOH on NaNO3 in presence of Cu.

Sol. Answer (2)

Cu/NaOH
NO3–   NH3

20. STATEMENT-1 : O2F2 is an unstable orange yellow coloured solid.

and

STATEMENT-2 : In O2F2, bond order of O – F is less than 1.

Sol. Answer (2)

O–O bond have partial double bond character.

21. STATEMENT-1 : All oxy acid of P are good oxidising agents.

and

STATEMENT-2 : H3PO2 is monobasic.

Sol. Answer (4)

H3PO2 is a good reducing agent.

22. STATEMENT-1 : HBr can be obtained by treating NaBr with H3PO4.

and

STATEMENT-2 : H3PO4 is stronger acid than HBr.

Sol. Answer (3)

HBr is stronger acid than H3PO4.

23. STATEMENT-1 : White P is considered as the elemental state of P.

and

STATEMENT-2 : White P is most stable allotropic state of P.

Sol. Answer (3)

Black P is most stable allotrophe of P.

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70 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

24 Statement-1 : Boron always forms covalent bond.

and

STATEMENT-2 : The small size of B3+ favours formation of covalent bond [IIT-JEE-2007]

Sol. Answer (2)

Boron atom has very high sum of 3 Ionization energies.

25. STATEMENT-1 : In water, orthoboric acid behaves as a weak monobasic acid.

and

STATEMENT-2 : In water, orthoboric acid acts as a proton donor. [IIT-JEE-2007]

Sol. Answer (3)

Orthoboric acid is an OH– acceptor i.e., Lewis acid.

H3BO3 + H2O [B(OH)4]– + H+

26. STATEMENT-1 : Pb4+ compounds are stronger oxidizing agents than Sn4+ compounds.

and

STATEMENT-2 : The higher oxidation states for the group 14 elements are more stable for the heavier members
of the group due to 'inert pair effect'. [IIT-JEE-2008]

Sol. Answer (3)

Statement (2) is false.

As we go down the group stability of higher oxidation state decreases and stability of lower oxidation state
increases due to inert pair effect hence Pb+2 is more stable than Pb+4 state.

SECTION - E
Matrix-Match Type Questions

1. Match the following.

Column-I Column-II

(A) Colemanite (p) B3N3H6

(B) Bauxite (q) Ca2B6O11·5H2O

(C) Borax (r) Al2O3·2H2O

(D) Inorganic Benzene (s) Na2B4O7·10H2O

Sol. Answer A(q), B(r), C(s), D(p)

Colemanite = Ca2B6O115H2O

Bauxite = Al2O32H2O

Borax = Na2 B4 O710H2O

Inorganic Benzene = B3N3H6

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 71
2. Match the following.

Column-I Column-II

(A) Borax (p) sp3 hybridization of B

(B) Borontrifluoride (q) sp2 hybridization of B

(C) Diborane (r) Triangular unit

(D) Boric acid (s) Tetrahedral unit

Sol. Answer A(p, q, r, s), B(q, r), C(p, s), D(q, r)

Borax = Two borons are sp2 hybridised while 2 are sp3 tetrahedral unit

BF3 = sp2 hybridisation, triangular

Diborane = sp3 hybridisation, tetrahedral at each boron

Boric acid = sp2 hybridisation, triangular unit.

3. Match the following.

Column-I Column-II

(A) Diamond (p) Good conductor

(B) Graphite (q) sp3 hybridised

(C) Beryl (r) Cyclic structure

(D) MgSiO3 (s) Chain structure

(t) Covalent molecule

Sol. Answer A(q, r, t), B(p, r, t), C(q, r, t), D(q, s, t)

In diamond and graphite carbon is sp3 and sp2 hybridised respectively. In silicates, silica is sp3 hybridised.

Silicates are polymeric forms having SiO44 .

4. Match the following :

Column-I Column-II

(A) Nitric oxide (p) Nitric acid

(B) Nitrogen dioxide (q) Nitrous acid

(C) Nitrogen pentoxide (r) Acidic oxide

(D) Nitrogen trioxide (s) Neutral oxide

Sol. Answer A(s), B(p, q, r), C(p, r), D(q, r)

NO  Neutral oxide

NO2  nitrous acid, nitric acid, acidic oxide

N2O5  nitric acid, acidic oxide

N2O3  nitrous acid, acidic oxide

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72 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

5. Match the following :

Column-I Column-II (Gas evolved)


(A) NaNO 3  (p) O2

(B) AgNO3  (q) NO2

(C) Mg(NO3)2  (r) SO2

(D) FeSO4  7H2O  (s) SO3

Sol. Answer A(p), B(p, q), C(p, q), D(r, s)

NaNO3 produce on heating O2

AgNO3  O2 and NO2

MgNO3  O2 and NO2

FeSO 4 7H2O  SO2 and SO3

6. Match the following

Column-I Column-II
(A) XeF4 (p) Distorted octahedral
(B) XeF6 (q) Square planar
(C) XeO3 (r) Pyramidal
(D) XeO4 (s) Tetrahedral

Sol. Answer A(q), B(p), C(r), D(s)

XeF4  Distorted octahedral

XeF6  Square planar

XeO3  Pyramidal

XeO4  Tetrahedral

7. Match the following compounds given in column I to the properties given in column II

Column I Column II
(A) Solid [PCl5] (p) sp3d2
(B) (SO3)3 (q) Co-ordination number of at least one
atom = 6
(C) Cl2O7 (r) Co-ordination number of at least one
atom = 4
(D) P4O10 (s) d - pbond
(t) On reaction with water gives acid

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 73
Sol. Answer A(p, q, r, t), B(r, s, t), C(r, t), D(r, s, t)
Solid PCl5  [PCl4]+ [PCl6]–
(SO3)3  cyclic trimer
O O
O Cl C Cl O
O O
P4O10 contain d-p bond.

8. Match the following compounds given in column I to the properties given in column II
Column I Column II
(A) N2O (p) Contain N–N bond
(B) NO2 (q) Anhydride of acid
(C) NO (r) Paramagnetic
(D) N2O3 (s) Contain 3e– bond
(t) Have tendency to dimerise/condenses
to dimer
Sol. Answer A(p), B(q, r, s, t), C(r, s, t), D(p, q)

N
(A) N  N  O (B) O O

…
O O
(C) N  O (D) N–N
O

9. Match the following.

Column-I Column-II
(A) Bi3+ (BiO)+ (p) Heat
(B) ( AlO2 )  Al(OH)3 (q) Hydrolysis
(C) SiO 44  Si2O76 (r) Acidification
(D) B4O72– [B(OH)3] (s) Dilution by water
Sol. Answer A(q), B(r), C(p), D(q, r)

10. Match each of the reactions given in Column I with the corresponding product(s) given in Column II.
[IIT-JEE-2009]
Column I Column II

(A) Cu + dil HNO3 (p) NO

(B) Cu + conc HNO3 (q) NO2

(C) Zn + dil HNO3 (r) N2O

(D) Zn + conc HNO3 (s) Cu(NO3)2

(t) Zn(NO3)2

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74 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

Sol. Answer A(p, s), B(q, s), C(r, t), D(q, t)

3Cu  8HNO3 

 3Cu(NO3 )2  2NO  4H2O
(dil.)

Cu  4HNO3 
 Cu(NO3 )2  2NO2  2H2O
(conc.)

4Zn  10HNO3 

 4Zn(NO3 )2  N2O  5H2O
(dil.)

Zn  4HNO3 
 Zn(NO3 )2  2NO2  2H2O
(conc.)

11. All the compounds listed in Column I react with water. Match the result of the respective reactions with the
appropriate options listed in Column II. [IIT-JEE-2010]
Column I Column II
(A) (CH3)2SiCl2 (p) Hydrogen halide formation
(B) XeF4 (q) Redox reaction
(C) Cl2 (r) Reacts with glass
(D) VCl5 (s) Polymerization
(t) Oxygen formation
Sol. Answer : A(p, s), B(p, q, r, t), C(p, q), D(p)

CH3
CH3
Polymerise Si
(A) (CH3)2SiCl2 + H2O Si—OH O O
OH CH3 CH3
n

(B) 6XeF4  12H2 O  4Xe  2XeO3  24HF  3O 2

(C) Cl2  H2 O HCl  HOCl

(D) VCl5  H2 O  VOCl3  HCl

Note : Vanadium in (+V) oxidation state from only fluoride. Existence of VCl5 is doubtful.

12. The unbalanced chemical reactions given in Column I show missing reagent or condition (?) which are provided
in Column II. Match Column I with Column II. [JEE(Advanced) 2013]
Column I Column II

?  PbSO + O + other product

(A) PbO2 + H2SO4  (p) NO
4 2

?  NaHSO + other product

(B) Na2S2O3 + H2O  (q) I2
4

?  N  other product
(C) N2H4  (r) Warm
2

?  Xe + other product
(D) XeF2  (s) Cl2

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 75
Sol. Answer A(r), B(s), C(q), D(p)

Warm
(A) 2PbO2  2H2SO4   2PbSO4  2H2O  O2

(B) Na2S2O3  5H2O  4Cl2  2NaHSO4  8HCl

(C) N2H4  2I2  N2  4HI

(D) XeF2  2NO  Xe  2NOF

SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. The number of water of crystallisation in borax are ___.
Sol. Answer (8)
Na2B4O710H2O has 8 water of crystallization as Na2[B4O5(OH)4]8H2O.

2. Determine the product of number of metalloids and the radioactive elements present in group -13 & group - 14.
Sol. Answer (8)

3. Determine the number of oxygen atoms shared per tetrahedral unit in chain silicates.
Sol. Answer (2)

4. How many nitrogen atom(s) is/are sp2 hybridised in hydrazoic acid?

Sol. Answer (2)

H  N  N  N-
 
sp 2 sp2

5. What is the co-ordination number of Xe in mixture of XeF6 and AsF5?

Sol. Answer (5)

XeF6  AsF5   XeF5   AsF6 

 

6. How many N - O bonds are present in product when NH4NO3 is strongly heated (above 300°C)?
Sol. Answer (0)

 300ºC
NH4NO3   N2  H2O  O2

7. What will be the maximum valency of P with Cl?

Sol. Answer (6)
PCl6– exists as anion.
8. How many P – P bonds are present in P4S5?
Sol. Answer (2)
Fact.

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76 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

excess
9. XeF6  H2O   Pr oduct.

How many hybrid orbitals of Xe will be present in the product?

Sol. Answer (4)
The product formed will be XeO3 which is sp3 hybridised.

10. The coordination number of Al in the crystalline state of AlCl3 is [IIT-JEE-2009]

Sol. Answer (6)
In solid AlCl3, each Al3+ is sorrounded by 6Cl– ions.

11. Among the following, the number of elements showing only one non-zero oxidation state is
O, Cl, F, N, P, Sn, Tl, Na, Ti [IIT-JEE-2010]
Sol. Answer (2)
F will only exhibit –1 oxidation state except zero.
and Na will exhibit +1 oxidation state.

12. The total number of diprotic acids among the following is [IIT-JEE-2010]
H3PO4 H2SO4 H3PO3 H2CO3 H2S2O7
H3BO3 H3PO2 H2CrO4 H2SO3
Sol. Answer (6)
H2SO4, H3PO3, H2CO3, H2CrO4 and H2SO3 and H2S2O7 will behave as dibasic acid.

13. The value of n in the molecular formula BenAl2Si6O18 is [IIT-JEE-2010]

Sol. Answer (3)
Be3Al2Si6O18

14. Among the following, the number of compounds that can react with PCl5 to give POCl3 is O2, CO2, SO2, H2O,
H2SO4, P4O10. [IIT-JEE-2011]
Sol. Answer (5)
O2, SO2, H2O, H2SO4 and P4O10 convert PCl5 to POCl3.

15. The total number of lone pairs of electrons in N2O3 is [JEE(Advanced)-2015]

Sol. Answer (8)
..
O
..

.. .. ..
N – N =O
..
O
..
..

Number of lone pair = 8

16. Three moles of B2H6 are completely reacted with methanol. The number of moles of boron containing product
formed is [JEE(Advanced)-2015]
Sol. Answer (6)
3B2H6 + 18CH3OH  6B(OCH3)3 + 18H2
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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 77
17. The total number of compounds having at least one bridging oxo group among the molecules given below is
_________.
N2O3, N2O5, P4O6, P4O7, H4P2O5, H5P3O10, H2S2O3, H2S2O5 [JEE(Advanced)-2018]

Sol. Answer (5.00)

N2 O3 N2O5
O O O O
O
N—N N N
O O O

P4O 6 P 4O7 H4P2O 5

O O O
P O P P O P P P
HO O OH
O OO O O OO O H H
P O P P O P

H5P3O 10 H2S2O 3 H 2 S2 O 5
O O O S O O
P P P S S S
HO O O OH HO O HO OH
OH OH OH OH O

SECTION - G
Multiple True-False Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : Sodium silicate is called water glass.
STATEMENT-2 : Salts of lead are poisonous in nature.
STATEMENT-3 : Producer gas is a mixture of CO and N2.
(1) TTT (2) TFT (3) FFT (4) FTF
Sol. Answer (1)
Na2SiO3 is known as water glass. Lead salts are poisonous and (CO + N2) is producer gas.

2. STATEMENT-1 : In CO2 molecule resonance is possible.

STATEMENT-2 : CO is used in purification of Ni.
STATEMENT-3 : H2CO3 is more acidic than H2SiO3.
(1) T T T (2) TFT (3) FFT (4) FTF
Sol. Answer (1)
 
O  C  O  OC  O  O  C  O

CO is used in Mond’s process.

3. STATEMENT-1 : Al forms H2 when reacts with NaOH.

STATEMENT-2 : Al2O3 is amphoteric by nature.
STATEMENT-3 : Al2O3 is a neutral oxide.
(1) F F T (2) FTT (3) TFF (4) TTF
Sol. Answer (4)

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78 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

4. STATEMENT-1 : R2SiCl2 is the starting material for linear polymer of silicone.

STATEMENT-2 : R2SiCl2 is the starting material for 3-D polymer of silicone.

STATEMENT-3 : R3SiCl is the starting material for 3-D polymer of silicone.

(1) T F F (2) TFT (3) FTT (4) FFT

Sol. Answer (1)

5. STATEMENT-1 : Molten state of IF5 is slightly conducting.

STATEMENT-2 : ICl is more reactive than Cl2.

STATEMENT-3 : In molten state of ClF3, chlorine may possess sp3d2 hybridisation.

(1) F T F (2) TFT (3) TTT (4) FFF

Sol. Answer (3)

IF5  IF4  IF6

ClF3  ClF2  ClF4

6. STATEMENT-1 : O3 reacts with KOH and forms a paramagnetic compound.

STATEMENT-2 : KO3 is paramagnetic.

STATEMENT-3 : O2 gives O2– when heated with Na/NH3.

(1) F T F (2) TFT (3) TTT (4) FFF

Sol. Answer (3)

Na/NH
O2 
3
 O2

7. STATEMENT-1 : HNO4 acid never exists.

STATEMENT-2 : H2S2O3 is a thionic acid.

STATEMENT-3 : H2S2O7 contain S–S bond.

(1) T F T (2) FTF (3) FTT (4) FFF

Sol. Answer (2)

Fact.

8. STATEMENT-1 : HBr can be obtained by treating NaBr with H2SO4.

STATEMENT-2 : HBr is good oxidising agent.

STATEMENT-3 : NaBr is soluble in water.

(1) F T T (2) TTT (3) FFT (4) TFT

Sol. Answer (1)

H2SO4 oxidise Br– to Br2.

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 79
9. STATEMENT-1 : All halogens are coloured.

STATEMENT-2 : Halogens exist in diatomic gaseous state.

STATEMENT-3 : F2 is more reactive than Cl2.

(1) T T T (2) TFT (3) FTT (4) TFF

Sol. Answer (2)

Fact.

10. STATEMENT-1 : NO2 gas is paramagnetic.

STATEMENT-2 : NO2 is an example of mixed anhydride.

STATEMENT-3 : NO2 has high tendency for dimerisation.

(1) T F T (2) FTT (3) TFF (4) TTT

Sol. Answer (4)

Structure of NO2

11. STATEMENT-1 : PCl5 exists in ionic solid

STATEMENT-2 : PCl5 is a covalent compound.

STATEMENT-3 : All P–Cl bond lengths in PCl5 are equal.

(1) T F F (2) TFT (3) FTT (4) TTF

Sol. Answer (4)

All P–Cl bond length in PCl5 are not equal.

SECTION - H
Aakash Challengers Questions

1. Correct among the following.

(1) Trimethylamine is better base than trisilylamine

(2) BF3 does not form dimer as B – F bond is less polar

(3) Hydrides are the only species which may form 3 centre 2 e– bond

(4) All the hydrides of 14th group form 3 centre 2 electron bonds
Sol. Answer (1)

Due to backbonding BF3 becomes poorer acid.

2. Incorrect among the following

(1) (BN)x is molecule with sp sate of hybridisation (2) (BN)x is a molecule with graphite like structure
(3) (BN)x is a molecule with sp2 hybridization (4) BN is prepared by reaction of B2O3 and NH3

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80 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

Sol. Answer (1, 4)

It is prepared by B2H6 + NH3 (excess).

3. B2H6 reacts with NH3 to form

(1) B3N3H6 (2) BN (3) [B 2H5 ]○ NH

4 (4) All of these

Sol. Answer (1, 2)

Factual

4. SiC is a/an
(1) Abrasive (2) A hard material
(3) Covalent carbide (4) Diamond like structure
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
Factual

5. SiO2 is
(1) A 3-D broad network solid (2) An insulator
(3) Silica (4) An acidic oxide
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
Structure is as

O O
Si Si
O O
n

6. Chain silicates can be represented as

(1) (Si2O76 ) (2) (SiO44 )n (3) (Si2O6 )n4 (4) (Si2O5 )n2

Sol. Answer (3)

As two ortho-silicate units share two common oxygen atoms.

7. (a) Explain why BF3 exists whereas BH3 does not.

(b) Compare the B-F bond length in BF3 and BF4–.
Sol. (a) Due to p-p back bonding, the lone pair of electrons of F is denoted to the B-atom. This delocalisation
reduces the deficiency of electrons on B thereby increasing the stability of BF3 molecule.

F F F F
– + –
B F B F B F B F
F F F F+
Due to absence of lone pair of electrons on H-atom, this compensation does not occur in BH3. In other
words, electronic deficiency of B stays and hence to reduce its electronic deficiency, BH3 dimerises to form
B2H6.
(b) Because of double bond character of B-F bonds in BF3, it has a shorter B-F bond length than in BF4–.

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 81
8. How is boron obtained from borax? Give chemical equations with reaction conditions. Write the structure of B2H6 and
its reaction with HCl.

Sol. Na 2B 4 O 7 ·10 H2O  H2SO 4 (conc )  Na 2SO 4  H2B 4 O7  10 H2O

Borax Tetraboric acid

H2B 4 O 7  5 H2O  4 H3BO 3

Boric acid

Re d heat
2 H3BO 3   
 B 2O3  6 H2O
Boric oxide


B 2O3  3 Mg  2 B  3 MgO

Structure of B2H6

Bridge hydrogen
H H H Terminal H
B B
H H H

AlCl
B2H6  HCl 
3
B2H5 Cl  H2
(Diborane) Chlorodiborane

9. Boric acid can be titrated against sodium hydroxide using methyl orange as indicator only in the presence
of polyhydroxy compounds like catechol, mannitol etc. Explain
Sol. B(OH)3 reacts with NaOH to form sodium metaborate.
B(OH)3 + NaOH  Na+BO2– + 2H2O
The end point during the titration of H3BO3 with NaOH is not sharp since NaBO2 undergoes excessive
hydrolysis to give back H3BO3 and NaOH. However, when certain polyhydroxy compounds such as catechol,
glycerol, mannitol or sugars are added to the titration solution the metaborate ion combines with polyhydroxy
compound to form a complex.

OH O O
2 + BO–2 B
–2H2O
OH O O
Catechol

Due to the formation of this complex, BO2– ion does not undergoes hydrolysis. As a result, boric acid behaves
as a strong monobasic acid and the end point can thus be easily detected.

10. (a) BF3 and BrF3 molecule have different shapes. Explain
(b) CCl4 cannot be hydrolysed but SiCl4 can be, why?

F F
Sol. (a) Triangular planar T-shaped
B Br F (2 lone pair)
(No lone pair)
F F F

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82 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

(b) Due to the absence of low lying vacant d orbital with carbon, its hydrolysis is difficult. While SiCl4 has
vacant d orbital of appropriate energy.
SiCl4 + 4H2O  Si(OH)4 + 4HCl
OR
H2SiO3·H2O
Hydrated silicic acid
Due to availability of vacant d-orbitals in valence shell of their central atom, they can easily extend their
coordination number beyond four but this is not possible in case of carbon due to absence of vacant
d-orbital.

11. Although boric acid B(OH)3, contains three hydroxyl groups yet it behaves as a monobasic acid. Explain why?
Sol. Because of the small size of boron atom and presence of only six electron in its valence shell in B(OH)3, it
coordinates with the oxygen atom of the H2O molecules to form a hydrated species.
H
– +
(HO)3 B + O [B(OH)4 ] + H
H or
[(HO)3B  OH2 ]

In this hydrated species B3+ ion because of its small size it has a high polarizing power and hence pulls the
electron of the coordinated oxygen atom towards it. The coordinate O-atom, in turn pulls the O-electron of the O-
H bond, thereby facilitating the release of a proton. As a result, B(OH)3 acts as a weak monobasic lewis acid and
thus reacts with NaOH solution to form sodium metaborate.
+
B(OH)3 + NaOH Na [B(OH)4]–

+ –
Na BO2 +2H2O
sodium metaborate

12. (a) A white precipitate (B) is formed when a mineral (A) is boiled with Na2CO3 solution.

(b) The precipitate is filtered and the filterate contains two compounds (C) and (D). The compound (C) is removed
by crystallisation and when CO2 is passed through the mother liquor left, (D) changes to (C).

(c) The compound (C) on strong heating gives two compounds D & E.

(d) (E) on heating with cobalt oxide produces blue coloured substance (F). Identify (A) to (F) and give chemical
reactions for the each step.

Sol. (a) The mineral (A) is colemnite, Ca2B6O11· 5H2O

Ca2B6 O11+2Na2CO3 (aq.)  2CaCO3 +Na2B4 O7 + 2NaBO2

boiled
Soluble
(B) (C) (D)

(b) (C) the borax is crystallized

The mother liquor consisting sodium metaborate is treated with CO2

4 NaBO2 + CO2  Na2B4O7 + Na2CO3

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 83

heated
(c) Na 2B 4 O 7 ·10 H2O   Na 2B 4 O7  10 H2O
Anhydrous

Na2B4 O7  2NaBO2 + B2O3

strongly
heated
(D) (E)

(d) CoO +B2O3 

heat
 Co(BO2 )2
(E) Cobalt meta-borate
Blue coloured(F)

13. Complete the following.

  CuO
Na2B4O7.10H2O A B + C blue bead D

CuO
Sol. Na2B4O710H2O Na2B4O7 2NaBO2 + B2O3 Cu(BO2)2
A B C D

HCl
14. A B + C

NH3

NH3
D E

'E' is same as graphite, identify A to E .

HCl
Sol. B2O3 BCl3 + H2O
A B C

NH3
NH3
B2H6 BN
D E

HOCH CH OH
15. B(OH)3 
2 2
?

–
OH HO — CH2 HO O — CH2
+
B + B +H
(–H2O)
Sol. HO OH HO — CH2 HO O — CH2

16. Which of the following halogens can oxidise H2S to S?

(1) Cl2 (2) F2 (3) Br2 (4) All of these

Sol. Answer (4)

All halogen can oxidize S–2 to S.

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84 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

17. NH3  NaOCl  NH2 – NH2  NH4Cl

To obtain this product in large amount, we should use

(1) Tap water as medium (2) Glue or gelatin in medium

(3) Heavy metal ion in solution (4) By taking NaOCl in excess amount

Sol. Answer (2)

It form complex with remaining metal ion

18. Which of the following oxide does not form dimer?

(1) NO (2) ClO2 (3) NO2 (4) All of these

Sol. Answer (2)

Due to delocalization of electron on chlorine.

19. How many P–O–P bonds are present in P4O6?

(1) 4 (2) 3 (3) 6 (4) 5

Sol. Answer (3)

Structure of P4O6

P
O
O
O
P

P O
P O

20. Choose the correct statement regarding ice.

(1) Hexagonal rings are present
(2) In ice, one oxygen is surrounded by four hydrogen atoms
(3) In ice, movement of H+ is faster than water
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Fact.

21. Pure oxygen is colourless gas but liquid and solid O2 is pale blue or blue coloured, this is because
(1) Due to electronic transition triplet to singlet formation is not favourable in gaeous state
(2) Density of gas is less than density of liquid
(3) Singlet state is diamagnetic
(4) Oxygen cannot absorb photon in gaseous state.
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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 85
Sol. Answer (1)
In gaseous state, electronic transition is forbidden.

22. Choose the correct regarding heating of S.

(1) At 160°C, the S8 rings break and the diradicals so formed polymerise forming long chains of up to a million
atoms

(2) Due to heating viscosity decreases regularly

(3) Due to heating viscosity increases regularly

(4) At 200°C all S8 molecule break up to S2

Sol. Answer (1)
Due to heating viscosity first increase then decrease.

23. In lab, it is not advisable to add water in H2SO4 because

(1) H2SO4 is a strong acid

(2) Mixing of H2SO4 and water evolve heat

(3) Water drops may boil and causing splashing

(4) Water is used as solvent

Sol. Answer (3)
Heat evolve lead to boiling of water drops and causes violent splashing.

24. Choose the correct statement regarding H2SO4

(1) Pure H2SO4 reacts with metal to produce H2 gas

(2) Dilute H2SO4 on heating form azeotropic mixture

(3) Na2S2O3 on treatment with dil H2SO4 solution gives H2S2O3 and Na2SO4

(4) All of these

Sol. Answer (2)

H
Na2 SO3  S  Na2 SO 4

25. In which, degree of hydrolysis is expected to be highest?

(1) Na2S (2) CdS (3) MnS (4) CuS
Sol. Answer (1)
Na2S is soluble.

26. H2O2 has same structure but different angles and bond lengths in liquid and solid state.
This is because of
(1) Symmetry of H2O2 (2) Packing of H2O2
(3) Strength of hydrogen bonding (4) Lone pair repulsions
Sol. Answer (3)
Fact.

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86 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

27. Choose the correct regarding bond length

(1) CO+ < CO (2) NO+ < NO (3) N2 < N2+ (4) All of these

Sol. Answer (4)

Bond length is inversely proportional to bond order.

28. Br2 gas is of red brown colour and I2 gas is of violet colour. This is because of

(1) Br– is more E.N. than I

(2) Energy difference between two consecutive level is lesser for iodine than bromine

(3) Br has small size than I

(4) I2 has stronger van der Waal's forces than Br2

Sol. Answer (2)

Down the group energy level become closer.

29. Which of the following halides has Cl– as a bridging atom?

(1) BeCl2(solid) (2) Al2Cl6 (liquid) (3) Fe2Cl6 (4) All of these

Sol. Answer (4)

Al2Cl6 and Fe2Cl6 exist in dimer.

30. Addition of which acid gives least exothermic reaction?

(1) HF (2) HCl (3) HBr (4) HI

Sol. Answer (1)

Fact.

31. An aqueous solution containing one mole of HgI2 and two mole of NaI is orange in colour. On addition of excess
NaI the solution becomes colourless. The orange colour reappears on subsequent addition of NaOCl. Explain
with equations.

Sol. A solution containing one mole of HgI2 and two mole of NaI is orange in colour due to the partial solubility of
HgI2. On addition of excess of NaI, the colourless complex Na2HgI4 is formed.

2NaI + HgI2  Na2HgI4

(excess) Nessler’s reagent

The Na2HgI4 on addition of NaOCl, oxidises as

3Na2HgI4 + 2NaOCl + 2H2O  3HgI2 + 2NaCl + 4 NaOH + 2NaI3. Thus, colour of partially soluble HgI2 is
restored.

32. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. Explain your answer in brief.

(i) The decreasing order of electron affinity of F, Cl, Br is F > Cl > Br.

(ii) HBr is stronger acid than HI because of hydrogen bonding.

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Solutions of Assignment The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) 87
Sol. (i) False (Cl > F > Br)
(ii) False (HI is stronger acid than HBr because I atom is bigger than Br atom. As a result bond dissociation
energy of H – I is less).

33. Write balanced equations for the reaction of the following compounds with water
(i) CaNCN (ii) NCl3 (iii) XeF4
Sol. (i) CaNCN + 3H2O  CaCO+ 2NH3
(ii) NCl3 + 3H2O  NH3 + 3HOCl
(iii) 2XeF4 + 3H2O  Xe + XeO3 + F2 + 6HF
Explosive

34. Gradual addition of KI solution to Bi(NO3)3 solution initially produces a dark brown precipitate, which dissolves in
excess of KI to give a clear yellow solution. Write chemical equations for the above reactions.
Sol. Bi(NO3)3 undergoes hydrolysis to give HNO3 (oxidising agent) which liberates I2 (dark brown ppt) from KI
solution, Iodine (I2) dissolves in excess of KI to give KI3 (yellow solution).
(a) Bi(NO3)3 + H2O  [Bi(OH)(NO3)2] + HNO3
(b) 6I– + 2NO3– + 8H+  2NO + 4H2O + 3I2
(c) KI + I2  KI3 (Yellow solution)

35. An Inorganic Lewis acid (X) shows the following reactions.

(i) It fumes in moist air

(ii) The intensity of fumes increases when a rod dipped in NH4OH is brought near it.

(iii) An acidic solution of (X) on addition of NH4Cl and NH4OH gives a precipitate which dissolves in NaOH
solution.

(iv) An acidic solution of (X) does not give a precipitate with H2S.

Identify (X) and give chemical equations for the reaction at step (i) to (iii).
Sol. (i) Since the Lewis acid (X) fumes in moist air, the anion of Lewis acid (X) is chloride ion.
(ii) Since the acidic solution of (X) does not give precipitate with H2S, the cation of (X) must belong to Group
III of qualitative analysis i.e., Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+ etc.
(iii) Since acidic solution of (X) on addition of NH4Cl and NH4OH gives a white ppt which dissolves in NaOH
solution, therefore cation of (X) must be Al3+ . Thus, X = anhydrous AlCl3.
The chemical equations for reactions at steps (i), (ii), (iii) are
(a) AlCl3 + 3H2O  Al(OH)3 + 3HCl (fumes)

(b) HCl  NH4 OH  NH4 Cl  H2O

(White fumes)

(c) AlCl3  3NH4OH  Al(OH)3  3NH4 Cl

(White ppt)

(d) Al(OH)3  NaOH  NaAlO2  2H2O

Sod. Meta aluminate (Soluble)

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88 The p-Block Elements (Group-13 to Group-18) Solutions of Assignment

36. Write balanced equation for reaction of XeF4 with water. Also name the reaction.
3
Sol. 3XeF4 + 6H2O  2Xe + XeO3 + 12HF + O
2 2
It is a disproportionation reaction.

37. Arrange in increasing order of extent of hydrolysis [CCl4, MgCl2, AlCl3, PCl5, SiCl4].
Sol. CCl4 does not undergo hydrolysis since C does not have d orbital. The central atom of all other elements contain
empty d-orbitals and hence undergo hydrolysis. As the oxidation state of the central atom increases from
+2 (in MgCl2) to +3 (in AlCl3) to +4 (in SiCl4) to +5 (in PCl5), the extent of hydrolysis increases accordingly.
Thus, the overall increasing order of extent of hydrolysis follows the order:
CCl4 < MgCl2 < AlCl3 < SiCl4 < PCl5.

38. An aqueous solution containing one mole of HgI2 and two mole of NaI is orange in colour. On addition of excess
NaI the solution becomes colourless. The orange colour reappears on subsequent addition of NaOCl. Explain
with equations.
Sol. A solution containing one mole of HgI2 and two mole of NaI is orange in colour due to the partial solubility of
HgI2. On addition of excess of NaI, the colourless complex Na2HgI4 is formed.
2NaI + HgI2  Na2HgI4
(excess) Nessler’s reagent
The Na2HgI4 on addition of NaOCl, oxidises as
3Na2HgI4 + 2NaOCl + 2H2O  3HgI2 + 2NaCl + 4 NaOH + 2NaI3. Thus, colour of partially soluble HgI2 is
restored.

  

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