SIP
SIP
To:
Chemistry Teacher
By:
Michell Hao
Johann Miro
Univeer Nudas
Alexis Salamilao
Christa Soledad
Justin Yap
March 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Title Page
Abstract i
Acknowledgement ii
List of Tables iv
List of Plates v
Table of Contents vi
INTRODUCTION
Related Literature 3
Conceptual Framework 10
Hypothesis 10
Definition of Terms 11
METHODOLOGY
Materials 12
Collection of Orange 12
Disposal 13
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Conclusions 16
Recommendation 16
BIBLIOGRAPHY 17
DOCUMENTATION 18
APPENDICES
Curriculum Vitae 22
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ABSTRACT
______________________________________________________________________
Justin Yap
Alessandra Soledad
The researchers made this project to determine the effects of orange peel
extract. Also to help in finding simple ways to prevent mosquitoes from harming people.
The researchers first bought 9 oranges at the Agdao public market. Then the
researchers prepared the materials needed. First the researchers peeled the oranges,
the orange peels were grated. The grated orange peels were squeezed to get the
extract. Set A remained concentrated with 25% water, Set B with 50% water and set C
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with 75% water. Then the researchers sprayed it to three different mosquitoes. The
result for set A showed the same outcome after three trials, the mosquito died. The
same process was done to set B and C. the researches then concluded that the more
concentrates the solutions is the more effective it is. The researches recommends that
more test should be conducted and with higher amount of mosquitoes used.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to thank the following people who extend their help to
make this study successful:
To Sir Kenny Lloyd Angon, their Chemistry teacher for guiding them in their
Science Investigatory Project.
To Mr. and Mrs. Hao for letting the researchers use their house to do their
Science investigatory Project.
To their friends for inspiring them to persevere and be more serious in doing their
science Investigatory project.
And above all, to God the Father for His undying guidance that he shed on us
throughout this project.
M.A.J.J.J.U.C
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LIST OF FIGURES
1 Conceptual Paradigm
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LIST OF TABLES
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LIST OF PLATES
1 Preparation of Materials
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7 Dead Mosquito
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
common insect in the family Culicidae (from the Latin culex meaning midge orgnat).
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There are about 3,500 species of mosquitoes found throughout the world. In some
species of mosquito, the females feed on humans, and are vectors for a number of
infectious diseases affecting millions of people per year. Some scientists believe
that eradicating mosquitoes would have serious consequences for any ecosystem.
The researchers chose this research to help in solving the increasing number of
absorbs water fast. During the process we observed that the odor of the orange peel
peel as a mosquito repellant. There were similar researches about this; they used
lemon peel to create a repellant. In this study we would like to prove the effectiveness of
orange peel as mosquito repellant. The other researches proved the different uses of
As of now many people are suffering from different diseases caused by mosquito
bites. The numbers of affected people are rapidly increasing. This is now causing a
problem to the government because many of the affected people are dying. This gives
researches and experiments to think of applicable solutions to prevent these cases and
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the World Malaria Report 2010 , there were 225 million cases of malaria and an
estimated 781 000 deaths in 2009, a decrease from 233 million cases and 985 000
deaths in 2000. Most deaths occur among children living in Africa where a child dies
every 45 seconds of malaria and the disease accounts for approximately 20% of all
childhood deaths.
• What are the components of the orange peel extract that can repel mosquitoes?
because it is cheap to make and made from recycling the peels of the oranges that you
eat. Now a days, diseases, sicknesses that are caused by mosquitoes are getting more
and more each day. Through this, we can help a lot of people and a lot of people would
be able to lessen the risks of the mosquitoes in their lives that are surrounding them.
This study focuses on how to lessen the risks that are caused by the mosquitoes
especially dengue fever that had been a threat to the people for quite some time now.
We also focus on how we can let people be able to reach their needs in life, that’s why
we used cheap materials to create a repellant that would lessen the risks to their health.
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Orange
The orange is a hybrid of ancient cultivated origin, possibly between pomelo (Citrus
15 m). The leaves are arranged alternately, are ovate in shape with crenulate margins
and are 4–10 cm long. The orange fruit is a hesperidium, a type of berry.
Orange trees are widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates for the delicious
sweet fruit, which is peeled or cut (to avoid the bitter rind) and eaten whole, or
processed to extract orange juice, and also for the fragrant peel. ] In 2008, 68.5 million
tons of oranges were grown worldwide, primarily in Brazil and the state of Florida in the
US.
Oranges probably originated in Southeast Asia and were cultivated in China by 2500
BC. The fruit of Citrus sinensis is called sweet orange to distinguish it from Citrus
aurantium, the bitter orange. The name is thought to derive ultimately from
the Sanskrit[ for the orange tree, with its final form developing after passing through
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apple" (e.g. Dutch Sinaasappel, "China's apple", or northern German Apfelsine). (In
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_(fruit)
Vitamin C
Is needed for the growth and repair of tissues in all parts of your body. It is used to
form an important protein used to make skin, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels,
heal wounds and form scar tissue repair and maintain cartilage, bones, and teeth.
Citrus
Citrus can refer to as a common term or a genus name. In general, citrus includes all
species and natural hybrids in Citrus and its closely related genera (sexually compatible
and Eremocitrus (desert lime). They all belong to the family Rutaceae that is in the order
citrus has been very controversial and inconsistent binomial naming are often seen.
Even some same species are prefixed with different genus names because some
researchers suggested all the above genera to be classified as one genus, Citrus.
However, many widely used binomial names, though known not true species, are in
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From genomic perspectives, most citrus species are diploid (2n = 2x = 18), with
relatively small genomes; for instance, sweet orange has a genome of about 380Mb,
approximately three times the size of the 125Mb Arabidopsis genome. So far available
genomic resources include more than half millions citrus ESTs, most sweet orange
(~90%) and next following by Clementine, trifoliate orange, Satsuma, and other citrus
varieties; high density microarrays in several different platforms; several BAC libraries;
one sweet orange physical map; and high density linkage maps for sweet orange and
Clementine. One haploid Clementine genome are being sequenced using Sanger
technology, and one diploid sweet orange genome sequenced using Roche 454
technology. These genome sequence resources and tools will allow geneticists and
taxonomic group.
Citrus includes almost all commercially grown citrus species/cultivar groups, producing
diverse fruit types including sweet orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck), mandarin
(C. reticulata Blanco), grapefruit (C. paradisi Macfad.), lemon (C. limon (L.) Burm.), lime
(C. aurantifolia Christ.), pummelo (C. maxima Merril.), and citron (C. medica L.). Only
C. reticulata, C. maxima, and C. medica are believed true species, and the others
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markers.
http://www.citrusgenomedb.org/organisms
Magnesium
Magnesium is needed for bone, protein, making new cells, activating B vitamins,
relaxing nerves and muscles, clotting blood, and in energy production.Insulin secretion
and function also requires magnesium. Magnesium also assists in the absorption of
insomnia, heart problems, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, muscle weakness and
cramps.
Iron
Iron deficiency in infants can result in impaired learning ability and behavioral problems.
It can also affect the immune system and cause weakness and fatigue.To aid in the
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absorption of iron; eat foods rich in vitamin C at the same time you eat the food
containing iron. The tannin in non-herbal tea can hinder absorption of iron. Take iron
supplements and your vitamin E at different times of the day, as the iron supplements
Zinc
Most at risk of iron deficiency are infants, adolescent girls and pregnant women.Iron
deficiency in infants can result in impaired learning ability and behavioral problems. It
can also affect the immune system and cause weakness and fatigue.
To aid in the absorption of iron, eat foods rich in vitamin C at the same time you eat the
food containing iron. The tannin in non-herbal tea can hinder absorption of iron.
Health Benefits
Orange peel also knows as orange zest (the shavings of the orange portion of the
peel) contain hespetidin (this compound is also present in orange flesh but in smaller
amount) an antioxidant that has a potential to lower cholesterol and helps normalize
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Orange peels contain natural oil which is utilized by the body to help keep the elasticity
of veins and arteries; it will also help keep skin strong, elastic and beautiful. Add some
orange peel to a bath and let your skin absorb these beneficial oils.
Orange peel is a good source of pectin a natural fiber that can help normalize blood
sugar level and helps prevent constipation. Additionally, pectin helps promote the
Pectin also works as a natural appetite suppressant, reducing the desire to overeat.
Orange peel tea can help with weight loss and weight management because it is
known to raise metabolism, improve stamina and energy, and speed up the elimination
Orange peel can aid digestion and relieve gastrointestinal problems such as acidity,
Orange peel contains anti-inflammatory properties and has shown some promise in
http://len7288.hubpages.com/hub/Health-Benefits-of-Orange-Peel
Mosquito
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the Latin culex meaning midge orgnat). Mosquitoes resemble crane flies (family
Tipulidae) and chironomid flies (family Chironomidae), with which they are sometimes
Mosquitoes go through four stages in their life-cycle: egg, larva, pupa, and adult
or imago. Adult females lay their eggs in standing water, which can be a salt-marsh, a
species and the ambient temperature; eggs hatch to become larvae, then pupae. The
adult mosquito emerges from the pupa as it floats at the water surface. Bloodsucking
species of mosquitoes live as adults for periods ranging from a week or two to several
months, depending on the species, the gender, the season and the conditions. Some
Mosquitoes have mouthparts that are adapted for piercing the skin of plants and
animals. While males typically feed on nectar and plant juices, the female needs to
obtain nutrients from a "blood meal" before she can produce eggs.
There are about 3,500 species of mosquitoes found throughout the world. In some
species of mosquito, the females feed on humans, and are vectors for a number of
infectious diseases affecting millions of people per year. Some scientists believe
that eradicating mosquitoes would not have serious consequences for the ecosystem.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito
Conceptual Framework
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Hypothesis
1. The orange will be able to kill the mosquito because it has properties that is
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
legged dipteran flies having the bodyand appendages partly covered with hairs or
scales and themouthparts adapted for piercing and sucking, comprising themosq
• Genome - All of the genetic information, the entire genetic complement, all of the
healing system.
• Introgressions - Infiltration of the genes of one species into the gene pool of
parents.
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METHODOLOGY
Materials
The materials that were used in this study were, orange peels, a spray
Collection
Procedure
One(1) orange peel at a time were put in the mortar and pestle. Then they
were squished and extracted the extract from the orange peel.
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Three (3) set ups were prepared; set-up one (1) was made up of the
extract from three (3) orange peels from different oranges and 20% of water.; set-up
two (2) was made up of the extract from three (3) orange peels from different oranges
and 40% of water., and set-up three (3) was made up of the extract from three (3)
The researchers peeled the peel of the oranges and put it in a container,
and we grated the orange peels to turn it into smaller pieces.
D. Extraction
The researchers added a little bit of water and we pounded and sqeezed
the grated orange peels in a container.
mosquito B, the 3rd setup to mosquito C at the same time. Then, the researchers
Disposal
container.
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container.
Extraction
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Evaluation of Data
The effects that were recorded focused more on the concentration of the
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Table 1 shows the effect of orange peel extract on the mosquito during 3 trials. As the
table shows the more concentrated the solution is, the more grave is its effect on the
mosquito.
Conclusions
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Based from the given data gathered, the researchers conclude that the mixture of
orange peel and 25% water was the most effective among the solutions/setups of
orange peel and water. Furthermore, it was also concluded that the more concentrated
Recommendations
Based from the drawn conclusions, the researchers recommend the following:
3. To test with more mosquitoes to see the range of the product when used.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_(fruit) ,
http://www.citrusgenomedb.org/organisms
http://len7288.hubpages.com/hub/Health-Benefits-of-Orange-Peel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito
Mcohee, John.Oranges(1996)
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DOCUMENTATION
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CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
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Educational Background:
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Educational Background:
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Contact Number:
Educational Background:
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Educational Background:
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