Dispensing Process

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO

College of Pharmacy
Adamson University
September 2021
Definition of Terms
• Dispensing
• Act by a validly registered pharmacist of filling a prescription or a physician’s
order on a patient’s chart through a medication order.
• Generic dispensing
• Act of filling a prescription based on the patient’s choice from among generic
equivalents.
• Generic equivalents
• Finished pharmaceutical products having the same AI, strength, and dosage
forms.

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 2
Adamson University
Definition of Terms
• Partial filling
• Dispensing less than the total number of units prescribed
• Drug outlet
• Drugstores, pharmacy, and other business related establishment which sells
medicines.

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 3
Adamson University
Definition of Terms
• Non-prescription medicines
• Over-the-counter – can be sold in
non-traditional drug outlets
• Pharmacy-only medicines – can only
be sold in a traditional drug outlet

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 4
Adamson University
Definition of Terms
• Prescription/Ethical Drug
• Substance which can only be dispensed upon presentation of a prescription
written by a validly licensed professional

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 5
Adamson University
 Definition of Terms
• Prescription/Ethical Drug
• Correct prescription must be recorded in a
prescription book registered with FDA by the
pharmacist
• Records must be kept for two years and must be
available for inspection when asked by the FDA
inspector

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 6
Adamson University
Definition of Terms
• Dangerous Drugs
• Regulated substances and require a special prescription from the DDB
• Can only be dispensed by a pharmacist with S3 license

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 7
Adamson University
Definition of Terms
• Dangerous Drugs
• Prescription must be kept for a period of one
year after recording it in a DDB prescription
book
• Prescription is written in triplicate
• Original – pharmacist
• Second copy – physician
• Third copy - patient

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 8
Adamson University
Definition of Terms
• Dangerous Drugs

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 9
Adamson University
Definition of Terms
• Dangerous Drugs
• Pharmacists makes semi-annual reports to the DDB for all purchases and sales
of dangerous drugs and records must be available for inspection

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 10
Adamson University
Process
• Receiving the prescription

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 11
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Process
• Reading and checking the prescription – SALAD

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 12
Adamson University
Process
• Reading and checking the prescription
• Patient’s diagnosis / disorder
• Patient’s allergies / hypersensitivities
• Pharmacologic action of drugs
• Dosage form and regimen
• Prescribed administration route
• Quantity
• Medication errors
• Possible incompatibilities
• Drug interaction

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 13
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Process
• Prepare the Drug
• Compounding prescription
• Prefabricated dosage form

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 14
Adamson University
 Process
• Packaging
• DF employed
• Quantify prescribed e.g. wide
mouth bottles
• Storage requirement
• Mode of administration

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 15
Adamson University
Process
• Labelling and necessary auxiliary labels

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 16
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Process
• Labelling and necessary auxiliary labels

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 17
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Process
• Pricing (Mark up + Professional fee)
• Adopt a certain percentage which serves as profit
• 10% is acceptable
• Professional fee includes overbend expenses and labels
• Senior Citizens and People with Disability (PWD)
• Deduct 12% EVAT and provide 20% discount (-32%)
• Athletes
• Deduct 20% discount

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 18
Adamson University
 Process
• Delivery of the
products
• Receiving and
Filing

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 19
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Process
• Patient Counseling

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 20
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Generic Dispensing

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 21
Adamson University
Role of Pharmacists / Pharmacy Assistants
• Interpret the prescription correctly
• Inform the customer of all generically equivalent drug product to the
one prescribed
• Show the corresponding price of available products
• Dispense the patient’s choice and fill in pertinent information about
the drug
• Use, dose, manner of administration, adverse effects, contraindications
*PA’s should be under the direct guidance and supervision of a
RPh.
Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,
September 2021 22
Adamson University
Guidelines:
Requirement
• Inform the patient/buyer of all available drug products generically
equivalent to the one prescribed
• Post in a conspicuous place in their establishment a list of drug
products using generic names with their brand names, if any, and
their corresponding correct price.

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 23
Adamson University
Guidelines:
Required Drug Outlet Labels
• Name of the patient
• Generic name of the drug
• Brand name, if any
• Manufacturer
• Dosage strength
• Expiry date
• Direction for use
• Name of the pharmacist

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 24
Adamson University
Guidelines:
Partial Filling of Prescription Requirement
• Partially filled prescriptions are returned to the client
• The drugstore that completes the filling shall keep the prescription on
file
• Write on prescription
• Date of partial filling
• Quantity served and balance of the prescription not served
• Name and address of the drugstore

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 25
Adamson University
Guidelines:
Dispensing of DDB Category A and B List
• Dispensing must be done by the pharmacist who shall affix his/her
signature on the prescription filled
• The order and instruction of the doctor must be precisely followed
• Partial filling is allowed but the prescription will not be returned to
the patient.
• Original yellow prescription will be kept by the pharmacist

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 26
Adamson University
Guidelines:
Violative and Impossible Prescriptions
• Shall not be filled
• Pharmacist shall advise the prescriber of the problem and/or instruct
the client to get the proper prescription
• Shall be kept and reported by the pharmacist or other interested
parties to the nearest DOH office for appropriate action

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 27
Adamson University
Guidelines:
Erroneous Prescription
• Shall be filled
• Shall be kept and reported to the nearest DOH office

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 28
Adamson University
Violations:
Dispensers and Outlets
• Imposing a particular brand or product on the buyer
• Inaccurate dispensing
• Failure to post or make accessible the required up-to-date drug
product info
• Failure to adequately inform the buyer on available products that
meets the prescription
• Failure to indicate the generic/official name designated by the FDA
and other required information

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 29
Adamson University
Violations:
Dispensers and Outlets
• Failure to record and keep prescriptions filled
• Failure to report to the nearest DOH office

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 30
Adamson University
Penalties
• Suspension and revocation of the license to operate of the drug
outlet by the Secretary of Health
• Professionals directly involved in the violations shall be recommended
by the Health Secretary for appropriate administrative sanctions by
the PRC.

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 31
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End of Lecture
Next Topic: Extemporaneous Compounding

Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of Pharmacy,

September 2021 32
Adamson University