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Chapter 4

This document discusses numerical methods for solving two-dimensional steady-state heat conduction problems using finite difference equations. It introduces the method of separation of variables and describes how to derive finite difference equations for interior nodes, boundary nodes, and nodes on insulated or convective surfaces using an energy balance approach. The equations are then set up in matrix form and solved numerically.

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16 views

Chapter 4

This document discusses numerical methods for solving two-dimensional steady-state heat conduction problems using finite difference equations. It introduces the method of separation of variables and describes how to derive finite difference equations for interior nodes, boundary nodes, and nodes on insulated or convective surfaces using an energy balance approach. The equations are then set up in matrix form and solved numerically.

Uploaded by

wsv6xpqphf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4:

Two-Dimensional, Steady-State
Conduction
The Method of Separation of
Variables
• For two-dimensional, steady-state conditions with no generation
and constant thermal conductivity:

• Introducing θ as follows:

• Two boundary conditions are needed for each of the coordinates:

University of Balamand Dr. Michel Daaboul 2


The Method of Separation of Variables (continued)
• Assuming the existence of a solution of the form:

• Hence the equality can apply in general only if both sides are equal to
the same separation constant as λ2:

• Solving these equations above the boundary conditions leads to the


following solution:

University of Balamand Dr. Michel Daaboul 3


Finite-Difference Equations
• Numerical solution enables determination of the temperature at only
discrete points.

• The first step in any numerical analysis must therefore be to select


these points.

University of Balamand Dr. Michel Daaboul 4


Finite-Difference Form of the Heat Equation (Interior node)
• The value of the second derivative 𝜕 2𝑇/𝜕𝑥 2 at the (m, n) nodal point
may be approximated as:

• Expressing 𝜕 2𝑇/𝜕𝑦 2 the same way as above and setting ∆x = ∆y:

University of Balamand Dr. Michel Daaboul 5


The Energy Balance Method

• The finite-difference equation for a node is obtained by applying


conservation of energy to a control volume about the nodal region.

• Allows analysis involving multiple materials, embedded heat sources,


or exposed surfaces.

• Assumes that all the heat flow is into


the node.

• For steady-state conditions with


generation, the appropriate form is:

University of Balamand Dr. Michel Daaboul 6


The Energy Balance Method (continued)

• Replacing back and setting ∆x = ∆y :

• A finite-difference equation is needed for each nodal point at which


the temperature is unknown.
University of Balamand Dr. Michel Daaboul 7
The Energy Balance Method (continued)
• Not all points are interior points (temperature may be unknown at an
insulated surface or at a surface that is exposed to convective
conditions).

University of Balamand Dr. Michel Daaboul 8


The Energy Balance Method (continued)

• For ∆x = ∆y :

University of Balamand Dr. Michel Daaboul 9


University of Balamand Dr. Michel Daaboul 10
Solving the Finite-Difference Equations
• Consider a system of N finite-difference equations corresponding to
N unknown temperatures.

University of Balamand Dr. Michel Daaboul 11

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