ECLR17 PROJECT

Professor: Dr. Hemant Kumar Sir (MWE)

Professor: Dr. Parthasarathy R Sir (FOC)

108121135 – V SATYANARAYANA REDDY

108121137 – V THARUN KUMAR
Radio over Fiber using
Optisystem
ABSTRACT
In recent years, the integration of Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology has gained
significant traction due to its potential in enhancing communication systems. This
project focuses on harnessing the capabilities of OptiSystem to implement a
cutting-edge RoF system employing a Subcarrier Multiplexing (SCM) architecture.
The primary objective is to facilitate the simultaneous transmission of multiple
analog channels alongside a digital Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK) signal within a
bidirectional setup.
The utilization of SCM architecture serves as a pivotal component in achieving
efficient spectrum utilization and robust transmission characteristics. By leveraging
OptiSystem's advanced simulation capabilities, the project meticulously designs
and analyzes the intricate interplay of optical and radio frequency signals.
Through meticulous optimization, the system achieves a seamless integration of
analog and digital signals, ensuring high-fidelity transmission with minimal
interference.
Key highlights of the project include the comprehensive implementation of SCM
techniques to allocate subcarriers efficiently, thereby accommodating multiple
analog channels while maintaining spectral efficiency. Furthermore, the
integration of a digital ASK signal adds versatility to the system, enabling the
transmission of digital data alongside analog signals, thereby enhancing the
overall utility of the RoF system.
What is RoF ?
◦ Radio over fiber (RoF) or RF over fiber (RoF) refers to a
technology whereby light is modulated by a radio frequency
signal and transmitted over an optical fiber link.
◦ Transforming radio frequency (RF) impulses into optical signals
that may be sent across optical fibers is the fundamental
concept underlying RoF.
◦ At the opposite end of the fiber link, the optical signals are
subsequently transformed back into RF signals.
◦ The name of this procedure is electro-optic modulation.
Applications of RoF:
◦ Wireless communication systems, such as cellular networks, WiFi, and
satellite communications.
◦ Broadband access networks, such as fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and fiber-to-
the-antenna (FTTA).
◦ Distributed antenna systems (DAS), which provide wireless coverage in
large buildings or areas.
◦ Radar and sensing systems, such as air traffic control, weather monitoring,
and security surveillance.
IMPLEMENTATION
USING OPTIWAVE
SOFTWARE
COMPONENTS
◦ Pseudo Random Bit Sequence Generator
◦ NRZ Pulse Generator
◦ Sine Generator
◦ Electrical Adder
◦ Electrical AM Modulator
◦ Electrical AM demodulator
◦ CW laser
◦ 90° hybrid coupler
◦ Carrier generator
◦ Dual port Mach zehnder modulator
◦ Optical fibre
◦ Pin diode
◦ Band-Pass Bessel filter
◦ 3R generator
◦ BER Analyzer
SIMULATION PARAMETERS
◦ Data Rate : 1 Gbps
◦ Sine Generator : frequency = 10 GHz
◦ CW Laser : power 6 dBm, Frequency = 193.5 THz
◦ Carrier Generator : 49.25 MHz
◦ Bidirectional Optical Fiber : length 10 Km
◦ Bessel optical filter : frequency=193.5 Thz,bandwidth= 10ghz
◦ EDFA : power = 10 DBm
◦ Reflective filter bidirectional : centre bandwidth = 193.1Thz,bandwidth = 12 Ghz
◦ Bandpass Bessel filter : frequency =1.7Ghz,bandwidth = 1Ghz
◦ Electrical Amplifier : gain = 15DB
◦ Lowpass Bessel filter : cut-off frequency = 0.7Ghz
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
◦ In this project we implement the use of a subcarrier multiplexing (SCM)
architecture to transmit several analog channels and one digital amplitude-shift
keying (ASK) signal in a bidirectional setup.

◦ Subcarrier Multiplexing (SCM): SCM is a technique used to transmit multiple

analog or digital signals over a single optical fiber by modulating each signal
onto a different subcarrier frequency. In this circuit, SCM allows for the
transmission of multiple analog channels and one digital ASK signal.
◦ Analog Channels: These represent various analog signals, likely carrying voice,
data, or video information.
◦ Digital ASK Signal: ASK is a modulation technique where the amplitude of a
carrier signal is varied to represent digital data. This digital signal is transmitted
alongside the analog channels.
TRANSMITTER SETUP
◦ Sine Generator (Frequency = 10 GHz, Phase = 0 deg): This component generates a sinusoidal
signal at a frequency of 10 GHz with a phase of 0 degrees. It could be used as a reference
signal or for modulation purposes.
◦ Circulator: A circulator is a non-reciprocal multi-port device that allows the transmission of
signals from one port to another in a unidirectional manner. It can be used for routing signals
efficiently in optical systems.
◦ Optical Null: This component may be used to attenuate or nullify certain optical signals,
possibly for calibration or adjustment purposes.
◦ Carrier Generator (Frequency = 49.25 MHz, Frequency spacing = 6 MHz): This generates a
carrier signal at a frequency of 49.25 MHz with a frequency spacing of 6 MHz. This could be
part of the modulation scheme or for signal processing purposes.
◦ Electrical Adder_2: An electrical adder combines two or more electrical signals into a single
output. In this case, it might be used to combine modulation signals or for other signal
processing tasks.
◦ 90 Degree Hybrid Coupler: This is a passive device used in RF and microwave systems to split
an input signal into two output signals, typically with a phase difference of 90 degrees
between them. It can be used for power splitting or combining applications.
◦ EDFA Ideal (Power = 10 dBm, Noise figure = 5 dB): This is an Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier
(EDFA) with ideal characteristics. It amplifies optical signals at a power level of 10 dBm with a
noise figure of 5 dB. EDFAs are commonly used in optical communication systems to boost
signal strength.
◦ CW Laser (Frequency = 193.1 THz, Power = 6 dBm): A continuous-wave laser emitting at a
frequency of 193.1 THz with a power of 6 dBm. This laser provides the optical carrier for the
communication system.
TRANSMITTER:
◦ A Mach-Zehnder modulator is used for controlling the amplitude of an
optical wave. The input waveguide is split up into two waveguide
interferometer arms. If a voltage is applied across one of the arms, a
phase shift is induced for the wave passing through that arm. When
the two arms are recombined, the phase difference between the two
waves is converted to an amplitude modulation.

Output of Mach-Zehnder Modulator :

RECEIVER:
The output is received by photo detector pin(converts transmitted light wave to
the electrical signals.) which is then fed to band pass filter to eliminate noise.

Output of Band pass filter:

SIMULATION OUTPUT
◦ The simulation output of the circuit showcases higher Q factor and lower Bit Error Rate.
◦ For the digital amplitude-shift keying (ASK) signal :
◦ Q-factor = 8.85
◦ BER = 4.25 x 10-19
◦ For the analog channels in a bidirectional setup :
◦ Q-factor = 6.73
◦ BER = 7.24 x 10-12
RESULT
The BER Analyzer provided crucial insights into the quality of the received signal.
The measured max Q factor of 8.85 indicates a high-quality signal with sufficient
margin above the noise floor (minimum required Q factor is 6).the simulated
output BER is 7.73 x 10-12 which is much less than minimum BER of 10-9 indicating
circuit’s excellent performance.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this project represents a significant advancement in RoF
technology, showcasing the potential of SCM architecture in facilitating
efficient and versatile transmission of analog and digital signals in a
bidirectional optical fiber.
By leveraging OptiSystem's simulation platform, the project provides valuable
insights into the design, optimization, and performance evaluation of next-
generation RoF systems, thereby contributing to the evolution of modern
communication networks.