Patriarchal College Virtue and Science

Connect plus 4 Let’s remember!

Choose the correct answer(s) between brackets:

1- When you stay (negative- positive-enormous), you feel happy.

2- We have lots of equipment, so we can do more (articles- scans-pollution) and

surgery.

3- There is (fresh- salt-filtered) water in an oasis.

4- (Cobra-Polar bear-Macaw) is a poisonous snake from Africa and southern Asia.

5- The children sometimes (go- goes-going) swimming after school.

6- All living organisms need (water-oasis-springs).

7- A (compass-magnet-treasure) shows you which direction you are going on.

8- Can I (interview-interviews-to interview) you for our school newspaper?

9- Leo spent the last ten years of his life in a/an(armchair-bracelet-wheelchair)

after a fall that left him paralysed from the waist down.

10- One teaspoon (has-have-had) four grams of sugar.

11- When you ride a bike, you need a (helmet-syringe-bracelet) to protect your

head.

12- Hydroponic farming uses only (water-soil-sunlight) to grow plants.

13- I‟m writing a/an (bandage-straw-article) about Magdy Yacoub.

14- How (long- tall-fast) can the cheetah run?

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15- Stories about pirates often include a search for buried (treasure-grassland-
swamp).

16- Do you know who won/lost the(pollution-disease-race)?

17- Doctors help the (nurses-patients-headline) to get better from injuries and
diseases.

18- A (swamp-treasure-race) is very wet, soft land.

19- (When-What-Which) does it taste like?

20- How about a nice cup of (caption-lake-tea)? That'll make you feel better.

21- Martin broke his leg and has been on (crutches-compass-bandage) for the past
six weeks.

22- (Cobra-Sloth-Macaw) is a brightly coloured bird of the parrot family found in

Central and South America.

23- Are these toys suitable for (toddlers-desert- first-aid kit)?

24- A healthy diet should provide all your essential (articles-nutrients-blood).

25- A/An(caption-adult-polar) is a short piece of text under a picture in a book,

magazine, or newspaper that describes the picture.

26- On her wrist she wore the beautiful silver (bracelet-earrings-necklace) that
once belonged to her mother.

27- It was (delicious-healthy-generous) of you to lend me the money.

28- Animals that live on the ice, like (giraffes-polar bears-dinosaurs), may die.

29- (Adults-Babies-Toddlers) pay an admission charge but children get in free.

30- The moon (goes-is going-go) around the earth.

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(2)- Rearrange the following sentences:

1. used-to-We-go-Saturdays-museum-the-on -to

…………………………………………………………….

2. living-need-All-water-things

………………………………………………………….....

3. like/What/it/ does/ taste/?

……………………………………………………………..

4. One- four- of-teaspoon-has-grams-sugar

……………………………………………………………..

5. you-you-When-feel-stay-happy-positive,

………………………………………………………………

6. too-water-There's-cup-much-the-in

………………………………………………………………

7. about-writing-article-I‟m-an-about-Hydroponic farming

………………………………………………………………

8. sometimes-after-They-swimming-school-go

……………………………………………………………….

9. have-race-Let‟s-a swimming
………………………………………………………………..
10. fast-run-you-How-can-?
………………………………………………………………..

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(3)- Match:

A B

1- How fast can a.it taste like?

2- What does b. are there?

3- How many doctors c. she eating?

d. you run?

A B

1- There‟s too much a. a sloth

2- When you stay positive, b. on Sundays

3- We used to go to the museum c. you feel happy

d. water in the cup

(4)- Read and circle the odd one out:

1- syringe-bandage-polar- first-aid kit

2- macaw- cheetah-polar bear-lake

3-adult desert- wetland- grassland

4- baby-teenager- toddler-crutches

5- needle lake- spring- river

6- vitamins- articles- proteins-nutrients

7-caption-generous- headline- article

8- magnet- fiber- pole compass

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Patriarchal College Virtue and Science

Connect plus 4 Unit 1

What can I do?

New vocabulary:

 important(adjective): necessary or of great value

Ex: It's important for children to learn to get on with each other.

 active(adjective): doing something as you usually do, or being able to do

something physically or mentally
Ex: He was still an active runner at 55.

 diet(noun): the food and drink usually eaten or drunk by a person or group
Ex: Rice is the staple diet (= most important food) of many people in China.

 plenty(noun): an amount or supply that is enough or more than enough, or a

large number or amount
Ex: I didn‟t eat them all – there‟s plenty left for you.

 digestive(adjective): relating to the body‟s process of changing food

chemically into a form that it can use:
Ex: We use the digestive system when we eat and drink.

 chew(verb): to crush food into smaller, softer pieces with the teeth so that it
can be swallowed
Ex: This meat is difficult to chew.

 swallow(verb): to cause food, drink, pills, etc. to move from your mouth
into your stomach by using the muscles of your throat

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 Ex: He put a grape into his mouth and swallowed it whole.

 stomach(noun): an organ in the body where food is digested, or the soft

front part of your body just below the chest
Ex: I was hungry and my stomach had started growling/rumbling (= making
noises)

 nutrient(noun): any substance that plants or animals need in order to live

and grow
Ex: It's good soil - full of nutrients.

 respiratory(adjective): relating to breathing

Ex: We use our respiratory system when we breathe.

 breathe(verb): to move air into and out of the lungs

Ex: The atmosphere in the room was so stuffy I could hardly breathe.

 lung(noun): either of the two organs in the chest with which people and
some animals breathe
Ex: The X-ray showed a slight irregularity in one lung.

 blood(noun): the red liquid that is sent around the body by the heart, and
carries oxygen and important substances to organs and tissue, and removes
waste products
Ex: The teacher drew a diagram showing how the blood flows through the

heart.

 heart(noun): the organ in your chest that sends the blood around your body
Ex: He's got a weak/bad heart (= his heart is not healthy)

 pump(verb): to force liquid or gas to move somewhere

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 Ex: Our latest machine can pump a hundred gallons a minute.

 bone(noun): any of the hard parts inside a human or animal that make up its
frame
Ex: The child was so thin that you could see her bones.

 muscle(noun): one of many tissues in the body that can tighten and relax to
produce movement
Ex: He flexed his muscles (= tightened them to make them look large and
strong) so that everyone could admire them.

 sense(noun): an ability to understand, recognize, value, or react to

something, especially any of the five physical abilities to see, hear, smell,
taste, and feel.
Ex: With her excellent sense of smell, she could tell if you were a smoker

from the other side of the room.

 information(noun): news, facts, or knowledge

Ex: Can you give us some information on tours to Alaska?

 savory(adjective):{ US spelling of savoury} Savoury food is salty or spicy

and not sweet in taste
Ex: A pie can be sweet or savoy.
 communicate(verb): to share information with others by speaking, writing,
moving your body, or using other signals
Ex: We can now communicate instantly with people on the other side of the

world.

 deaf(adjective): unable to hear, either completely or partly

Ex: He's been totally/partially deaf since birth.

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 sign language(noun): a system of hand and body movements representing
words, used by and to people who cannot hear or talk
Ex: People who are deaf or have difficulty hearing can learn sign language.
 version(noun): a particular form of something that varies from other forms
of the same thing
Ex: They‟re producing several versions of the TV commercial to see which
one works best.
 code(noun): a system of words, letters, or signs used to represent a message
in secret form, or a system of numbers, letters, or signals used to represent
something in a shorter or more convenient form
Ex: Each entry in this dictionary has a grammar code.
 blind(adjective): unable to see
Ex: Stevie Wonder was born blind.

 combination(noun): the mixture you get when two or more things are
combined
Ex: A combination of tiredness and boredom caused me to fall asleep.

 invent(verb): to design and/or create something that has never been made
before
Ex: The first safety razor was invented by company founder King C. Gillette

in 1903.

 medal(noun): a small metal disc, with words or a picture on it, given as a

reward for a brave action, for winning a competition, or to remember a
special event
Ex: He was awarded a medal for bravery.

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 paralympic (adjective): connected with the Paralympics, an international
sports competition for people with disabilities that happens every four years
immediately after the Olympics
Ex: She has won her 11th Paralympic gold medal.

 international(adjective): relating to or including more than one country

Ex: In 2010, almost 700,000 international students were studying in
America's colleges and universities.
 national(adjective): relating to or typical of a whole country and its people,
rather than to part of that country or to other countries
Ex: Britain has more than ten national newspapers.
 competition(noun): a situation in which someone is trying to win something
or be more successful than someone else
Ex: The two companies are in competition with each other.

 athlete(noun): a person who is very good at sports or physical exercise,

especially one who competes in organized events
Ex: He became a professional athlete at the age of 16.

 disability(noun): an illness, injury, or condition that makes it difficult for

someone to do the things that other people do
Ex: His disability prevents him from driving.

 dedication(noun): the willingness to give a lot of time and energy to

something because it is important
Ex: She thanked the staff for their dedication.

 opportunity(noun): an occasion or situation that makes it possible to do

something that you want to do or have to do, or the possibility of doing
something:
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 Ex: Everyone will have an opportunity to comment.

 lounge(noun): a room in a hotel, airport, theatre, etc. where people can relax
or wait
Ex: Mom wants to tidy the lounge.

 creative(adjective): producing or using original and unusual ideas

Ex: The designer is either a creative genius or completely bonkers.

 hemisphere(noun): one of the two halves of the brain

Ex: The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body.

 text(noun): the written words in a book, magazine, etc., not the pictures
Ex: The book has 500 pages of text.

 title(noun): the name of a book, film, article, piece of music, etc.

Ex: The title of the film was "An Unreasonable Man".

 mineral(noun): a chemical that your body needs to stay healthy:

Ex: A healthy diet should supply all necessary vitamins and minerals.

 organize(verb): to make arrangements for something to happen:

Ex: They organized a meeting between the teachers and students.

Grammar

Present simple:

Affirmative Negative Questions

I work I don‟t work Do I work?
He/She/It works He/She/It doesn‟t work Does he/she/it work?
We/You/They work We/You/They don‟t Do we/you/they work?
work

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Use:

 We use the present simple to talk about repeated actions and habits.
-I play tennis on Saturdays.

-Sam never goes to school on Fridays.

 We use the present simple to talk about facts or general truths.

-Russia produces good tennis players.

-The water boils in 100 C.

Exrecises

1. Listen and circle the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:

1. People who are ………….. use Braille to communicate with others.

a. deaf b. blind c. dwarf d. talented

2. Braille was ……………… by Louis Braille.

a. invited b. invented c. intended d. included

3. It has different combinations of ………….

a. bugs b. ducks c. dots d. photos

4. The person who reads can ……………. the dots to find out what they mean.

a. touch b. smell c. taste d. see

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2. Listen and complete:

1. We use our digestive system when we ------ and drink.

2. In the stomach, a special liquid changes the food into ---------- and nutrients that
we need in our bodies.

3. We breathe in air through our --------------.

4. Our ----------- pumps this blood around our body.

3. Complete using these words:

(eleven- active-enough- water-diet)

To be ……….. in the day, we need a good ……….. , plenty of ………., and

……….. sleep. Children aged 7-12 need ……….. hours sleep a night.

(Lungs- breathe-heart-blood)

We use our respiratory system when we ……….. . We breathe in air through our
nose, and it goes to our ………. . In the lungs, the oxygen in the air is passed to the
……….. . Our ………….. pumps this blood around our body.

(take part-level-dedication-sport-opportunities)

Being a Paralympic or Olympic athlete takes years of …………… and hard work.
Not everyone can get to this …………. , but there are many ………….. for
everyone to …………. and have fun doing a ………… they enjoy.

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 (right-left-hemisphere- side- control)

The left …………….. of the brain controls the right side of the body, and the right
hemisphere controls the left ………. of the body. The …………. hemisphere is
important for math, science and solving problems and the ………… hemisphere is
important for art and music.

(Develop-health-watching TV-video games-as well)

It's fun to play …………………sometimes, but it's good to be active ………….. .

Sitting still for a long time isn't good for your …………… . Sometimes people eat
more unhealthy snacks when they are ……………… or playing on the computer.
Try not to ……………unhealthy habits.

4. Choose the correct answer(s) between brackets:

1-Most British schools (stay-organize-invent-protect) social events for the students.

2-You don't (chew-find-attach- fix) your food enough - that's why you get
indigestion.

3- She is deaf, but refuses to let her (ability-competition-disability- prize) prevent

her from doing what she wants to do.

4-A healthy diet should provide all your essential (blood-nutrients-muscles-

studies).

5- Mary has a very delicate (skeleton-nutrients-stomach- book) and doesn't eat

spicy food.

6-Smoking can cause (healthy-respiratory-creative- colorful) diseases.

13
7-My throat is so sore that it really hurts when I (move-chew-swallow- draw).

8-It's so airless in here - I can hardly (breathe- eat-move-play).

9- His (talent-disability-medal-ability) prevents him from driving.

10-We use our (versions-senses-medals-tools) every day to help us understand the

world around us.

11- There's a lot of (races-competition-athletes-clubs) between computer

companies.

12-Some foods are sweet, and some are (useful-savory-disappointed-good).

13-Some people cannot see or hear, so they have different ways to (combine-
communicate-invite-invent).

14- He had a golden (opportunity-lounge-brain-cake) to score in the first half but

squandered it.

15-Our (senses-muscles-languages-marks) are working all the time and they take
in a lot of information.

16-People who are (blind- blond-deaf-wise) or have difficulty hearing can learn
sign language.

17- Leo became a world-class (Paralympic-Olympic-savory-lazy) athlete after a

car accident left him paralyzed.

18- Max lost a lot of (juice-blood-liquid- water) in the accident.

19- The message was written in (medal-code-dedication-disabilities).

20-There are different (versions- senses-nutrients-trucks) of sign language around

the world.

14
21-(Mouris-Braille-Bell-Ben-) is a code which people who are blind or have
difficulty seeing can use to read.

22- Sara won three Olympic gold (medals-types-races-rings).

23- Braille has different (events-cards-combinations-keys) of dots.

24- The child was so thin that you could see her (noes- lungs-information-bones).

25-The blind person can touch the dots to (answer-solve-find out- mend) the mean.

26- He's been totally/partially (sweet- savory-deaf-green) since birth.

27-Braille was (invited-cooked-invented-involved) by Louis Braille.

28-Paralympic Games is a/an (national-international-invisible-wild) competition

for athletes with (disabilities-abilities-movies-senses).

29- Isabel's (stomach- lungs-heart-liver) was beating fast with fright.

30-Aya Ayman is a swimming champion who has (written-won-lost-appeared) lots

of gold, silver and bronze (types – medals – races - earrings) in many different
countries.

31- The heart (makes-pumps-chews-waves) blood through the arteries.

32-There are about five liters of (water-blood-gastric juice-oil) in our body.

33-Is it (scary-important-dangerous-harmful) to have enough sleep?

34-Sitting still for a long time isn't good for your (text- health-information-hair).

35-My cold is so bad I've lost my (talent-lounge-sense-code) of smell/taste.

36-Sometimes people eat more unhealthy snacks when they are watching TV. Try
not to (decrease-develop-train-create) unhealthy habits.

15
37- Being a Paralympic or Olympic athlete takes years of (deduction- dictation-
dedication-decoration) and hard work.

38- The left hemisphere of the brain (saves- create-controls-remembers) the right

side of the body.

39- A pie can be sweet or (awful-small- savory-delicious).

40-In the stomach a special (oil- gas-medicine-liquid) changes the food into energy
and (bones-muscles-nutrients-organs).

41-The right hemisphere is (colorful-important-same-expensive) for art and music.

42-People in China never (ate- eat - eats - are eating) with forks.

43-How (far-many-much-long) water should children drink each day?

44-It (doesn't snow - is not snowing- snows - don't snow) in summer.

45-Noura plays volleyball (tomorrow- yesterday-on Mondays-next week).

46-How (often- many-much-long) do you sleep every night?

47-Kareema always (did-do-does-doing) drawing.

48-It's fun to play video games sometimes, (or-but-so-because) it's good to be

active as well.

49-Frank never (had- have - has -is having) soup for dinner.

50-How often (is she playing – do play - does she play- she plays) here?

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5. Re-write the following sentences using the words between brackets:

1)The boys are tired. (not)

……………………………………………………………………...

2) The children are watching TV at the moment. (sometimes)

……………………………………………………………………….

3) We visit our grandparents once a week. (How)

……………………………………………………………………….

4) Sue is having breakfast now. (usually)

………………………………………………………………………..

5) Yes, Sandy reads a book every week. (read)

………………………………………………………………………..

6) Leo doesn't go to school on Fridays. (never)

…………………………………………………………………………

7) The baby usually cries at night. (not)

…………………………………………………………………………

8) Max sometimes drinks milk. (They)

……………………………………………………………………………

9) Mary never comes late for school. (is)

……………………………………………………………………………
10) The adults usually have a cup of coffee after dinner. (What)
………………………………………………………………………….

17
6.Match:

A B

1 The organ which is responsible for sight is a tongue

2 The organ which is responsible for taste is b eyes

3 The organ which is responsible for touch is c ears

4 The organ which is responsible for smell is d skin

5 The organ which is responsible for hearing e nose

f stomach

A B

1 When we eat and drink, a we use our bones and muscles.

2 When we breathe, b we use our digestive system.

3 When we move, c we use our circulatory system.

d we use our respiratory system.

A B

1 Braille has a-take in a lot of information.

2 Our senses b-different combinations of dots.

3 People who are deaf c-can learn sign language.

d-invented by Louis Braille.

18
7. Rearrange:

1- drink-How-each-water should- children-day-much-?

………………………………………………………….

2- the-There-liters-human-five-are-of-about-in-blood-body

……………………………………………………………...

3- important-it-to-sleep-have-enough-Is-?

…………………………………………………………..

4- sleep-night- you-How-do-much-every-?

…………………………………………………………..

5-Sign-is-different-in-to-in-language-Egypt-the USA-sign-language

……………………………………………………………

6-creative-are-for-activities-Why-good-you?

……………………………………………………………….

7-all-Our- are- time-the-senses- working

………………………………………………………………..

8. Punctuate:

1 i live in aswan in egypt

…………………………………………………………………..

2 yusuf speaks arabic and english

…………………………………………………………………...

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3 my teacher is called mrs heba

……………………………………………………………………

4 sign language in egypt is different to sign language in the usa

…………………………………………………………………….

5 what do we have to protect our organs

……………………………………………………………………..

9. Write a text of FIFTY (50) words using the following guiding elements:

A healthy diet

Guiding words: healthy – fit – energy – fruit – vegetables – water – sport – milk-
calcium

…………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

20
Patriarchal College Virtue and Science

Connect plus 4 Unit 2

Plants and animals

New vocabulary:
 species(noun): a set of animals or plants in which the members have similar
characteristics to each other and can breed with each other
Ex: Mountain gorillas are an endangered species.
 Mammals(noun): any animal of which the female feeds her young on milk
from her own body. Most mammals give birth to live young, not eggs
Ex: Humans, dogs, elephants, and dolphins are all mammals, but birds, fish,
and crocodiles are not.
 vertebrate(noun): an animal that has a spine
Ex: Birds, fish, and reptiles are all vertebrates.
 warm-blooded (adjective): having a body temperature that stays the same
and does not change with the temperature of the environment:
Ex: Birds and mammals are warm-blooded.
 Bat(noun): a small animal like a mouse with wings that flies at night
Ex: Over a period of 8 y, both bat communities showed high rates of species
turnover.
 Reptiles(noun): an animal that produces eggs and uses the heat of the sun to
keep its blood warm
Ex: Birds, fish, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles are all vertebrates.
 cold-blooded(noun): Cold-blooded animals can only control their body heat
by taking in heat from the outside or by being very active
Ex: Snakes and lizards are cold-blooded animals.
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 scales(noun): one of the many very small, flat pieces that cover the skin of
fish, snakes, etc.
Ex: Reptiles have scales. They don‟t have hair or fur.
 lay(verb): (of an animal or bird) to produce eggs from out of the body
Ex: All reptiles lay eggs.
 amphibian(noun): an animal, such as a frog, that lives both on land and in
water but must produce its eggs in water
Ex: Amphibians can live on land and on water.
 moist(adjective): slightly wet, especially in a good way
Ex: Keep the soil in the pot moist, but not too wet.

 habitat(noun): the natural environment in which an animal or plant usually

lives
Ex: With so many areas of woodland being cut down, a lot of wildlife is
losing its natural habitat.
 survive(verb): to continue to live or exist, especially after coming close to
dying or being destroyed or after being in a difficult or threatening situation
Ex: These plants cannot survive in very cold conditions.
 toad(noun): a small, brown animal, similar to a frog, that has big eyes and
long back legs for swimming and jumping
Ex: Toads have drier, lumpier skins than frogs and spend less time in the
water.
 smooth (adjective): having a surface or consisting of a substance that is
perfectly regular and has no holes, lumps, or areas that rise or fall suddenly
Ex: Mix together the butter and sugar until smooth.
 gill (noun): the organ through which fish and other water creatures breathe
Ex: Fish live in water and take in oxygen through their gills.

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 fin(noun): a thin vertical part sticking out of the body of especially a fish or
an aircraft that helps balance and movement
Ex: We could see the fin of a shark as it slowly circled our boat.
 beak(noun): the hard, pointed part of a bird's mouth
Ex: Birds have beaks, which are made of bones.
 seed(noun): a small, round or oval object produced by a plant and from
which, when it is planted, a new plant can grow
Ex: Sow the seeds (= put them in the ground) about three centimetres deep.
 enormous(adjective): extremely large
Ex: I was absolutely enormous when I was pregnant.
 Whale(noun): a very large sea mammal that breathes air through a hole at
the top of its head
Ex: The communicative ability of the whale is thought to be highly
developed.
 hummingbird (noun): a very small, brightly coloured bird with a long, thin
beak, whose wings move very fast and make a humming noise
Ex: The smallest bird is the bee humming bird.
 ostrich(noun): a very large bird from Africa that cannot fly
Ex: The ostrich is the fastest animal on two legs.
 Leopard (noun): a large wild cat that has yellow fur with black spots on it
and lives in Africa and southern Asia
Ex: We saw some leopards under the trees.
 chameleon(noun): a lizard that changes skin colour to match what surrounds
it so that it cannot be seen
Ex: Bird species include eagles, owls and buzzards and reptiles include
rattlesnakes and chameleons.

23
 shark(noun): a large fish that has sharp teeth and a pointed fin on its back
Ex: Some species of shark are now endangered.
 invertebrate(noun): an animal with no spine
Ex: Invertebrates, such as worms, are the main diet of these water birds.
 crab(noun): a sea creature with five pairs of legs and a round, flat body
covered by a shell, or its flesh eaten as food
Ex: This crab meat/salad is delicious!
 protection(noun): the act of protecting or state of being protected
Ex: Their flimsy tent gave/offered little protection against the severe storm.
 jellyfish(noun): a sea creature with a soft, oval, almost transparent body
Ex: This time, the jellyfish seemed aware of them, and swam around them in
a figure-eight.
 octopus(noun): a sea creature with a soft, oval body and eight tentacles (=
long parts like arms)
Ex: Some invertebrates can swim very well, such as the octopus and the
squid.

 snail(noun): a small creature with a soft, wet body and a round shell, that
moves very slowly and often eats garden plants
Ex: Some invertebrates, such as snails, move very slowly.

 squid(noun): a sea creature with a long body and ten arms situated around
the mouth, or this animal eaten as food
Ex: Some invertebrates can swim very well, such as the octopus and the

squid.

 dragonfly(noun): a large insect with a long, thin, brightly coloured body and
two pairs of transparent wings

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 Ex: Dragonflies can fly fast.
 grasshopper(noun): a large insect with long back legs that can jump very
high and makes a sharp, high noise using its back legs or wings
Ex: Grasshoppers can jump more than a meter.

 research(noun): a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover

(new) information or reach a (new) understanding
Ex: They are carrying out/conducting/doing some fascinating research
into/on the language of dolphins.
 attract(verb): to pull or draw someone or something towards them, by the
qualities they have, especially good ones
Ex: These flowers are brightly coloured in order to attract butterflies.
 pollen(noun): a powder, produced by the male part of a flower, that causes
the female part of the same type of flower to produce seeds. It is carried by
insects or the wind
Ex: The bright flowers attract insects, which carry pollen from one flower to
another.
 reproduce(verb): when living things reproduce, they produce young plants,
animals, etc.
Ex: Some creatures were better at surviving and reproducing themselves

than others.

 primary color(noun): one of the three colors, red, yellow, and blue, that can
be mixed together in different ways to make any other color
Ex: Primary colors are red, yellow and blue.
 secondary color(noun): one of the three colors – orange, green, or purple –
that can be made by mixing together two of the primary colors

25
 Ex: We make secondary colors by mixing the three primary colors.
 shade(noun): slight darkness caused by something blocking the direct light
from the sun.
Ex: The children played in/under the shade of a large beach umbrella.

 coral reef (noun): an area of coral, the top of which can sometimes be seen
just above the sea
Ex: These studies also raise questions about the biology of helminths of
coral reef fishes in general.
 prey(noun): an animal that is hunted and killed for food by another animal:
Ex: A hawk hovered in the air before swooping on its prey.

 predator(noun): an animal that hunts, kills, and eats other animals

Ex: Lions and wolves are predators.
 poisonous(adjective): a poisonous animal or insect uses poison in order to
defend itself
Ex: Cobra is a poisonous snake from Africa and southern Asia.

 water lily(noun): a plant whose large, flat leaves and cup-shaped petals float
on the surface of lakes and pools
Ex: Around and in riverbeds you can find plenty of cane, cattail, water lily
and alga.

26
 Grammar
Comparative adjective

A mouse is smaller than an elephant.

We can use the comparative form to compare two people, animals or things.
 To make a comparative adjective, we add -er to the adjective.
old ---- older strong---stronger tall----taller
Ex: Fady is older than Sam.
Some adjectives have special rules:
 Adjectives end in –e , we just add (r).
nice---nicer
Ex: Is the new hotel nicer than the old hotel?
 Adjectives end in a vowel and a consonant, we double the last consonant and
add –er.
thin---thinner big---bigger hot----hotter
Ex: That snake is thinner than that snake.
 Adjectives end in -y , we drop (y) and add (ier).
noisy---noisier heavy---heavier lazy----lazier
Ex: Parrots are noisier than spiders.
 Long adjectives (consist of two or more syllables) stay as they are, but we
add more or less.
Beautiful----more beautiful dangerous----more dangerous
Ex: Are camels more beautiful than horses?
 Irregular adjectives:
Good---better bad ---worse little---less
much/many----more far--- farther/further

27
 Superlative adjective

The biggest animal on land is a mammal.

We can use the superlative form to compare one person, animal or thing
with others.
 To make a comparative adjective, we add -est to the adjective.
old ---- oldest strong---strongest tall----tallest
Ex: Some adjectives have special rules:
 Adjectives end in –e , we just add (st).
nice---nicest
Ex: This new hotel is the nicest one.
 Adjectives end in a vowel and a consonant, we double the last consonant and
add –est.
thin---thinnest big---biggest hot----hottest
Ex: The ostrich is the biggest bird.
 Adjectives end in -y, we drop (y) and add (ier).
noisy---noisiest heavy---heaviest lazy----laziest
Ex: Sam‟s bag is the heaviest one.
 Long adjectives (consist of two or more syllables) stay as they are, but we
add most or least.
Beautiful----most beautiful dangerous----most dangerous
Ex: Sara is the most beautiful girl in the class.
 Irregular adjectives:
Good---best bad ---worst little---least
much/many----most far---farthest/furthest

28
- Adjectives are used to describe nouns.

- Adverbs are used to describe verbs.

Ex.: Max is a slow runner. (adj.)

Max runs slowly (adv.)

Writing tip!

Use these phrases to show contrasting ideas:

 In addition: this adds more information on the same topic

 However: use this to show a change in topic
 On one hand... On the other hand: this can show two different points of view
on the same topic

Exercise
1. Listen and circle the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
1. ……………….. are animals with a backbone.

a. Invertebrates b. Vertebrates c. Insects d. Crabs

2. Fish live in water and take in oxygen through their ……………..

a. gills b. scales c. fins d. beaks

3. …………... have hair or fur on their bodies. They are warm-blooded.

a. Mammals b. Birds c. Reptiles d. Fish

4.) ……………………. don't have hair or fur. They have smooth skin.

a. Amphibians b. Reptiles c. Fish d. Birds

29
2. Listen and complete:
1. Primary colors are red, yellow and …………...

2. The ………………. colors can be made by mixing primary colors

3. We can't make primary colors by ……………….. other colors.

4. Adding ……………. to a color makes it darker.

3. Complete using these words:

(reptile-mammal- bigger- tiny- natural)

In the………….. world, there are some enormous animals, and some……… ones!
The biggest animal on land is a ………….: the African elephant. The African
elephant is……………… than the Asian elephant.

(crabs - cold blooded -swim- warm- blooded - jellyfish)

Invertebrates are ……………… . They live on land and in water. Some
invertebrates, such as ………… , have a hard shell for protection. Others,
like,…………… have soft bodies. Some invertebrates can ……………. very well,
such as the octopus and the squid.

(discover-scales - species- Earth)

A ………... of animal is a group of animals that are the same or very similar. There
are millions of species of animals on…………… and scientists …………… new
ones every year.

30
 (orange - secondary -yellow- main)
Primary colors are red, ………… and blue. We can't make these colors mixing
other colors. We make …………… colors by mixing the three primary colors. We
can make green, …………. , purple, and all the shades between.

(water -soil –stem-flower)

Most plants grow in …………. . However, some plants grow such as the water
lily. They have a large flat leaf on the surface of the ……….. , and a long
……………. that reaches down to the bottom of the lake.

4. Underline the correct words in brackets:

1. Over a hundred (reptiles-species-mammals- points) of insect are found in this

area.

2.In the natural world, there are some (enormous- scary- dangerous-cute) animals,
and some tiny ones!

3.Vertebrates are animals with a (wing- digestive system- backbone- fur).

4.(Amphibians- Reptiles-Birds-Ants) don't have hair or fur. They have scales.

5.Mammals feed their babies with (bananas- meat –eggs –milk) and most of them
give birth to their babies.

6.Birds have (beaks- eggs- feathers-humps), which are made of bone.

7.These plants cannot (survive-discover-describe- sink) in very cold conditions.

8.There are (five- four- fourteen- fifteen) different types of vertebrates.

31
9.The African elephant is (bigger - thinner- smaller- taller) than the Asian elephant.

10.(Vertebrates-Invertebrates-Birds-Mammals), such as worms, are the main diet

of these water birds.

11.(Ostriches-Parrots-Hens-Butterflies) can run faster than leopards, but they can‟t

fly.

12. (Mammals- Birds- Reptiles-Invertebrates) have hair or fur on their bodies.

They are warm-blooded.

13.The birds‟(beaks-fins-scales- tails) are different shapes because they eat

different food.

14.We walked along the beach collecting small (bats-crabs-whales-rats).

15.Most (reptiles- birds-amphibians-fish) live on land. Some can live in rivers or

the sea, such as turtles, but they come onto land to (give birth to their babies -lay
their eggs- feed their babies-eat their babies).

16.The (biggest-smallest- tallest) bird is the bee hummingbird.

17. That was the (bad - worse – worst- better) holiday I ever had.

18.The sun was hot, and there were no trees to offer us (seed-shade-scale-shells).

19. Amphibians, like frogs and toads, always lay their eggs in (sand- land-water-
trees).

20. It was a (good- better- best- worst) journey than the last one.

21.In 2012, scientists discovered a tiny (turtle-chameleon-frog-ant) in Madagascar.

22. Fish live in water and take in oxygen through their (gills-scales-fins-fur).

32
23. (Fish- Reptiles-Birds-Insects) are warm-blooded, but they don't have fur or
hair.

24. Some (species-toads-pollen-fins) of shark are now endangered.

25. (Jellyfish- Grasshoppers- Ants- Hens) can jump more than a meter.

26. Germany is (the most difficult - more difficult – easy – the easiest) than
English.

27. (Primary-Secondary-Mixed-Preparatory) colors are red, yellow and blue.

28. More than 90% of all animals are (invertebrates-birds- vertebrates- fish).

29. Water lily have brightly colored flowers and they make seeds which (float-
sink- swim-support) on water.

30. This plane holds (many -more – most - much) people than that one.

31. (Large- Small – Micro - Many) habitats are forests, deserts, and grasslands.

32. In a coral reef, having bright colors can help fish to hide from (preys-predators-
producers).

33. Some invertebrates, such as (crabs-octopus-snails-snakes), move very slowly.

Dragonflies can (swim-fly-sleep-sleep) the fastest.

34. There are nearly 400,000 different types of (animals- colors- plants- crabs).

35. Many predators don't eat prey that is brightly (fixed- mixed-mashed-colored).

36. We make secondary colors by (fixing- mixing – attracting- writing) the three
primary colors.

33
37. On one hand, water lily can look pretty, but (on the other hand- in addition-
because- so), it can make it difficult for other animals and plants to live under the
water.

38. We played the match (good - nicely - well - badly) so we won a trophy.

39. (Invertebrates-Vertebrates-Frogs- Ants) are animals with a backbone.

40. Scientists discover new (species- colors – scales- seats) every year!

41. Bright colors can be a warning that the animal is (cute-ugly-poisonous-safe).

42. Most plants grow in (buildings- water- sand- soil).

43. The (sun flower- rose- water lily- daisy) has a large flat leaf on the surface of
the water.

44. The weather was (bad – worse – worst -good) yesterday than today.

45. Most mammals live (in air - on land- in the sea- in space), but some live (in air
- on land-in the sea- in space), such as whales and seals.

46. Fish live in water and take in oxygen through their (scales-gills-beaks- tails).

47. The (ostrich- chameleon- African elephant - daisy) is the fastest animal on two
legs.

48. (Mammals-Species- Reptiles-Recipes) of animal is a group of animals that are

the same or very similar.

49. A (micro - large - big - huge) habitat is a small area such as a pond or a tree.

50. Vertebrates, invertebrates and plants all need each other and they work together
to (move - eat –survive - breathe).

34
5. Re-write the following sentences using the word(s) between brackets:

1) Adam is not as good as Ben. (Ben is...)

………………………………………………………………………

2) Some animals are very slow. (move)

……………………………………………………………………..

3) A car is slower than a train. (slow)

…………………………………………………………………….

4) Max wrote three sentences but Leo wrote five. (fewer than)

……………………………………………………………………..

5) Mary sings loudly. (loud)

…………………………………………………………………….

6) Luxor is farther than Alexandria. (as ….. as)

……………………………………………………………………

7) No film is more exciting than this film. (the)

……………………………………………………………………..

8) Frank is 130 cm. Mary is 120. (than)

…………………………………………………………………….

9) I'm a fast runner. (run)

…………………………………………………………………….

35
10) No car is more expensive than my uncle's car. (the)

…………………………………………………………………….

6. Rearrange

1. but –birds- fly, -some –can- can't- Most.

…………………………………………………………………………….

2. animals –How- of- in- are -many -there -Egypt –species-?

…………………………………………………………………………...

3. types -are -vertebrates -There -five -of -different.

…………………………………………………………………………..

4. they –extremely- Ants- are- are- small,- but -strong!

…………………………………………………………………………..

5. birds- feathers- and- All- wings- have.

………………………………………………………………………….

6. Bats -that -are –the- fly -only –can- mammals.

………………………………………………………………………….

7. primary- secondary- The- made -by –can- be –mixing- colors- colors

…………………………………………………………………………

36
7. Write a text of FIFTY (50) words using the following guiding elements:

The advantages and disadvantages of having a pet

Guiding words: companions- reduce- stress- responsible - expensive – time

consuming - allergic

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………….

37
Patriarchal College Virtue and Science

Connect plus 4 Unit 3

My world
New vocabulary:
 civilization(noun): human society with its well developed social
organizations, or the culture and way of life of a society or country at a
particular period in time:
Ex: Some people think that nuclear war would mean the end of civilization.
 community(noun): the people living in one particular area or people who are
considered as a unit because of their common interests, social group, or
nationality:
Ex: He's well known in the local community.
 neighborhood(noun): the area of a town that surrounds someone's home, or
the people who live in this area:
Ex: There were lots of kids in my neighborhood when I was growing up.
 citizenship(noun): the state of being a member of a particular country and
having rights because of it:
Ex: He was granted Canadian citizenship.
 pharaoh(noun): (the title of) a king of ancient Egypt
Ex: Despite all our technology and forecasting systems, the pharaohs
managed the problem a little better.
 unite(verb): to join together as a group, or to make people join together as a
group; to combine:
Ex: If the opposition groups unite, they may will command over 55 percent
of the vote.

38
 dynasty(noun): a series of rulers or leaders who are all from the same family,
or a period when a country is ruled by them:
Ex: The Mogul dynasty ruled over India for centuries.
 scribe(noun): a person employed before printing was invented to make
copies of documents.
Ex: Scribes wrote on stone, or on paper made from papyrus reeds.
 hieroglyph(noun): a picture or symbol that represents a word, used in some
writing systems, such as the one used in ancient Egypt.
Ex: Egyptians used cursive hieroglyphs for religious literature on papyrus
and wood.
 governorate(noun): an area controlled by a governor, especially in Arab
countries:
Ex: Aleppo is the capital city of Halab governorate in northwestern Syria.
 capital(noun): a city that is the centre of government of a country or smaller
political area:
Ex: Australia's capital city is Canberra.
 string instrument(noun): a musical instrument with a set of strings that
vibrate to produce sound when they are pulled, hit, or rubbed with a bow:
Ex: Guitars, pianos, and cellos are different types of string instrument.
 wind instrument(noun): a musical instrument whose sound is produced by
blowing:
Ex: Saxophones and flutes are wind instruments.
 location(noun): a place or position
Ex: A map showing the location of the property will be sent to you.

39
 geography(noun): the study of the systems and processes involved in the
world's weather, mountains, seas, lakes, etc. and of the ways in which
countries and people organize life within an area
 attraction(noun): something that makes people want to go to a place or do a
particular thing
Ex: Life in Los Angeles has so many attractions - malls, good restaurants,
and so on.
 history(noun): (the study of or a record of) past events considered together,
especially events of a particular period, country, or subject:
Ex: I studied modern European history at college.
 culture(noun): the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of
a particular group of people at a particular time
youth/working-class culture
Ex: She's studying modern Japanese language and culture.
 brochure(noun): a type of small magazine that contains pictures and
information on a product or a company
Ex: More than the mere provision of leaflets or brochures about care homes

is required.

 symbol(noun): a sign, shape, or object that is used to represent something

else
Ex: The wheel in the Indian flag is a symbol of peace.
 separate(adj): existing or happening independently or in a different physical
space:
Ex: The art department and the music department are in two separate
buildings.

40
 Grammar
Past simple
Affirmative Negative Question
I played. I didn't play. Did I play?
He/She/It played. He/She/It didn't play. Did he/she/it play?
We/You/They played. We/You/They didn't Did we/you/they play?
play.

Use:

 We use the past simple to describe a completed action in the past, often
with a past time reference.
-I woke up very early yesterday.

-Our friends went to America last summer.

 We use the past simple to describe a sequence of events or actions in the

past.
-I got up, put on some warm clothes and went outside.

-I had an accident and broke my leg.

41
Possessive Pronouns
mine ours
his/hers theirs
its yours

Usage:
 We use possessive adjectives before nouns to say who something belongs
to.
Ex.: Is this your bag?
 We use possessive pronouns instead of nouns to talk about possession.
Ex.: Is this yours?

Exercises

1. Listen and circle the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:

1. Egypt is one of the oldest …………………. on Earth.

a. costumes b. civilizations c. instruments d. rhythm

2. People started to live near the …………. In 7000 BCE.

a. oasis b. island c. sea d. river

3. Lower Egypt was in the ………………….

a. north b. south c. east d. west

4. In about 3200 BCE, one pharaoh, Mena joined Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt to
……………. the country of Egypt.

a. unite b. write c. include d. perform

42
2. Listen and complete:

1. Folk dancing has a long ……………. in Egypt.

2. Nubian dancing People move their arms and feet to the ………… of the music.

3. In the Tahtib, dancers carefully perform a dance with ……………in a way that
looks like fighting.

4. In the cities alongside the Suez Canal, Musicians play the ……………….

3.Read and complete the text with the words in the box:
(dynasties- hieroglyphs - scribes-children)

How do we know so much about the history of Egypt? Egyptians at that time used
………………... to write down everything that happened. Scribes were important
people. They worked for the ruling …………… . They wrote in …………………,
which are pictures or symbols that can mean one word or many ideas. We can see
these hieroglyphs today in tombs and museums.

( pharaoh- Upper-Middle Kingdom- Lower)

Egypt is a country with a very long and interesting history. People started to live
near the Nile about 9,000 years ago, in 7000 BCE. At first, there were two separate
areas. ……………. Egypt was in the north, where the Nile joins the sea…………..
Egypt was in the south, where the Nile flows through the deserts of Africa. In
about 3200 BCE, one ………….., Mena joined these two parts to unite the country
of Egypt.

43
 (modern- wind- string- traditional)

Egypt has lots of ……………. folk music. There are different styles from different
parts of the country. Folk musicians from Upper Egypt play Saidi music. This type
of music uses …………. instruments such as violins, and…………….. instruments
such as the oboe. Singing and drumming is also a key part.

4. Choose the correct answer(s) between brackets:

1. The hotel is in a beautiful (geography-location- history-language) overlooking

the lake.

2. A (country - community – family - trip) is a group of people who live and work
together in the same area.

3. The two countries have (united-sailed-lived- fixed) against their common

enemy.

4. There're a lot of parks and tall buildings in the (neighbor - neighborhood –

neighbors- neighbor).

5. Guitars, pianos, and cellos are different types of (string-store-wing- wind)

instrument.

6. (Astronauts-Scribes-Musicians-Children) wrote on stone, or on paper made from

papyrus reeds.

7. Good (citizenship-civilization-society-statue) is a good part of being in a

community.

8. A community is a (mixer - mix - mixture - mixed) of people, places, activities,

and ideas.

44
9. I do research into the roles of men and women in our (society -nature – team-
jungle).

10. Saxophones and (drums-violins- qanun-flutes) are wind instruments

11. What is the exact (advantage- site - location - field) of the sunken ship?

12. (Raqs Asaya -Fighting-Simsimeya- Violin) is a famous dance from the Saidi
musical tradition.

13. We are studying the (geography –temple- science -language) of Africa.

14. In about 3200 BCE, one pharaoh, Mena joined Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt
to (fight- unite- write- include) the country of Egypt.

15. Nubian (music – dancing- location- glasses) is lively and colorful.

16. Egypt offers all kinds of tourist (attractive - attractions – attract- attract).

17. In the Tahtib, dancers carefully perform a dance with (instruments - sticks –
patterns-papyrus) in a way that looks like fighting.

18. The biggest governorate in Egypt is (Cairo- New Valley-Damietta-Alexandria).

19. Folk music and dancing have along (geography - history – science -maths) in
Egypt.

20. Alongside the Suez Canal, musicians play the (violin -rebaba – Simsimeya-
qanun).

21. Asyut is in (Upper Egypt- Lower Egypt- the Red Sea- an oasis).

22.We should teach our children to respect different (attractions-cultures-locations-

stations).

45
23. Egypt is one of the oldest (costumes – civilizations- instruments- islands) on
Earth.

24. Dancers move their arms and feet to the (rhyme - rhythm – riddle- ring) of
music.

25. Is it Mary's phone? Yes, it's (mine-her- his- hers).

26. Can you give me that book, please, Fares? It isn't (yours- you- your- mine).

27. Those books belong to me and Layla. They're (theirs- ours- yours- our).

28. Is that your dad's car? Yes, it's (yours- your-his- mine).

29.Is it your birthday today or your twin sisters'? It's (theirs-they-yours- their).
They're 11.

30. Which one is (your - yours - you - mine) jacket?

31. Some animals move (slow- slower- slowly- slowest).

32. The sports centre is great. (It's - Its –It - It is) got a pool.

33. (Whose - Who's - Who is - Who) jacket is this?

34. Your car is (slow - slower - slower than – the slowest) mine.

35. The trophy is (ours - our - your - us).

36. I (tidy - tidied –tidy - tidies) my room last Friday.

37. Why (was- were – had- is) Anna and Kate tired?

38. Omar (has – have – had - was) a party two days ago.

39. Everyone (was- were – is - had) at home yesterday.

40. Why (do you cry - are you crying - did you cry – do cry) now?

46
41. The sun (shine - is shining – shines - shined) in the morning.

42. Last month I (was – is – had - am) very busy studying my lessons.

43. What (was - were – are - had) the name of the play you watched last night?

44. He likes (watches- watched – watch -watching) football matches.

45. Two days ago we (have – has – were - had) lunch in the club.

46. (Did - Had – Are- Were) you start a new business?

47. Sally (find - didn't find – finds - found) anyone here.

48. Ali (felt- left – fell - leave) early for school.

49. Last Tuesday, I (go - went – goes - am going) on a trip.

50. Once, there (are - were – was- be) a lot of dinosaurs.

5. Re-write the following sentences using the words between brackets:

1) I had a party last night. (not)

……………………………………………………………………………….

2) I‟ve got a rucksack. (mine)

………………………………………………………………………………..

3) Sue played the piano yesterday. (did)

……………………………………………………………………………….

4) Yes, I went to the park two days ago. (go)

………………………………………………………………………………..

47
5) Sam is having a cup of tea at the moment. (ago)

………………………………………………………………………………..

6) My family is going to Alexandria this summer. (last)

………………………………………………………………………………..

7) Lily studies her lessons every day. (yesterday)

………………………………………………………………………………..

8) This map is ours. (Whose)

………………………………………………………………………………..

9) The boy claps and cheers. (Look!)

…………………………………………………………………………………

10) I tidy my room once a week. (last)

………………………………………………………………………………….

6. Match:
A B

1. community a. behaving in a way that helps your society

2. neighborhood b. a group of people who live together in the same area

and share activities and ideas

3. citizenship c. the streets, houses, shops and schools close to where

you live
48
 A B

1. This is my neighborhood. a. It's ours.

2. This is our school. b. It's mine.
3. This is my cousins' house. c. It's yours.
4. Those are Rasha's books. d. They're his.
5. That is your bike. e. It's theirs.
6. These are Adam's shoes. f. They're hers.

A B

1. Location a. information about what happened here in the past

2. Geography b. the environment and any natural features

3. Attractions c. traditional art, entertainment, food, and music

4. History d. where a place is in the country

5. Culture e. what you can do and see in a place

7. Order the words to make correct sentences:

1.instruments- instruments- Saidi music- string- uses- and-wind

…………………………………………………………………………

2. are -three -There -of -Egypt-ancient- main- parts- to-the- history

………………………………………………………………………….

3. Music- important- in- was- Egypt- ancient

……………………………………………………………………………………

49
4. near- People- started- live- in –to - the Nile- 7000 BCE

………………………………………………………………………………………

5. governorate-is- biggest-Which- the-?

……………………………………………………………………………………….
6. The- of –of- city- city- capital- Alexandria- used- be-to-the-Egypt

……………………………………………………………………………………….

7. and- drumming- Clapping-is -an -of- important-part-music- Nubian

……………………………………………………………………………………….

8. Write a text of FIFTY (50) words using the following guiding elements:

How do we know about the history of Egypt?

Guiding words: scribes- write down – hieroglyphs- pictures or symbols- tombs and
museums

…………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

50
Patriarchal College Virtue and Science

Connect plus 4 Unit 4

City and country

New vocabulary:

 City (noun): a large town:

Example: Many of the world's cities have populations of more than five million.

 Rural (adjective): in, of, or like the countryside:

Example: The difficulties facing rural communities today are very real.

 Urban (adjective): of or in a city or town:

Example: Pollution has reached disturbingly high levels in some urban areas.

 Metropolitan (adjective): relating to a large city:

Example: The Metropolitan Museum of Art is in New York.

 Densely (adverb): with a lot of things close together:

Example: Mexico City is one of the most densely populated cities in the world

(= a lot of people live close together there).

 Populated (adjective): (of a place) having people living there:

Example: The area used to be sparsely populated, but then farmers and loggers

moved in.

 Inhabitants (noun): a person or animal that lives in a particular place:

Example: The city of Ely has about 10,000 inhabitants.

51
 Congestion (noun): a situation in which there is too much traffic and
movement is difficult:
Example: The (traffic) congestion in the city gets worse during the summer.

 Pedestrian (noun): a person who is walking, especially in an area where

vehicles go:
Example: A few pedestrians sheltered from the rain in doorways.

 Village (noun): a group of houses and other buildings that is smaller than a
town, usually in the countryside:
Example: The village has remained basically unchanged for over 300 years.

 Sparsely (adverb): with only a small number or amount of people or things:

Example: The event was sparsely attended.

 Traditional (adjective): following or belonging to the customs or ways of

behaving that have continued in a group of people or society for a long time
without changing:
Example: The school uses a combination of modern and traditional methods for

teaching reading.

 Isolated (adjective): not near to other places:

Example: My grandpa‟s farm is an isolated farm.

 Workshop (noun): a room or building where things are made or repaired

using machines and/or tools:
Example: My uncle has an engineering workshop.

 Population (noun): all the people living in a particular country, area, or

place:
Example: Ten percent of the population lived in poverty.
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  Craft (noun): skill and experience, especially in relation to making objects;
a job or activity that needs skill and experience, or something produced
using skill and experience:
Example: 20.2Knitting and weaving are popular crafts.

 Carpet (noun): (a shaped piece of) thick material used for covering floors:
Example: UK We've got fitted (= cut to fit exactly) carpets in the bedrooms.

 Dye (verb): to change the colour of something using a special liquid:

Example: For a change, why not dye your T-shirts?

 Warp (noun): the threads that go along the length of a piece of cloth or a
loom (= a special frame for making cloth)
Example: The warp is the structure of the carpet.

 Yarn (noun): thread used for making cloth or for knitting

Example: The artisans spin the wool to make it into yarn after they clean it.

 Spin (verb): to (cause to) turn around and around, especially fast:
Example: The earth spins on its axis.

 Weave (verb): to make cloth by repeatedly crossing a single thread through

two sets of long threads on a loom (= special frame):
Example: This type of wool is woven into fabric which will make jackets.

 Weaver (noun): a person whose job is weaving cloth and other materials (=
making them by crossing threads over and under each other):
Example: They were basket weavers.

 Synthetic (adjective): Synthetic products are made from artificial

substances, often copying a natural product:
Example: Her bouquet was made of synthetic flowers.
53
 Gosling (noun): a young goose
Example: About 300 goslings and 2,500 ducklings hatch annually.

 Introduction (noun): the first part of something:

Example: Have you read the introduction to the third edition?

 Conclusion (noun): the final part of something:

Example: The conclusion of your essay is good, but the final sentence is too

long and complicated.

 Planner (noun): a person whose job is to decide how land in a particular

area is to be used, what is to be built on it, etc. and who designs plans for it:
Example: Max is a town/urban/environmental/local planner

 Environment (noun): the air, water, and land in or on which people,

animals, and plants live:
Example: We're not doing enough to protect the environment from pollution.

 Improve (verb): to (cause something to) get better:

Example: He did a lot to improve conditions for factory workers.

 Public (adjective): relating to or involving people in general, rather than

being limited to a particular group of people:
Example: Public opinion (= the opinions of most people) has turned against him.

 Transportation (noun): the movement of people or goods from one place to

another:
Example: In the past, British convicts could be sentenced to transportation (to

Australia).

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Grammar:

Plural Nouns

 Most nouns add -s to form the plural

Ex: date --------- dates

book-------- books

 If the singular noun ends in (o,x,s,ss,ch,sh) , add –es to form the plural
Ex: tomato --------- tomatoes

bus --------- buses

exceptions: piano ------pianos, photo -------- photos

 If the singular noun ends in (a consonant + y), change -y into -ies

Ex: baby ---------- babies

city ---------- cities

 If the singular noun ends in (a vowel+ y), add –s to form the plural
Ex: toy -------- toys

donkey ------ donkeys

 If the singular noun ends in -f or -fe, the f is often changed to -ve before
adding the –s to form the plural
Ex: wife ---------wives

wolf -------- wolves

exceptions: roof -----roofs, belief ------- beliefs, chef ------chefs,

chief ------- chiefs

55
 There are irregular nouns like
Ex: man -------- men woman -------- women

person ------people child ------- children

mouse ------- mice goose -------- geese

 Some nouns like sheep, fish, aircraft do not normally add plural -s
 Some nouns are always plural and have no singular form: clothes (cloth is a
material).

56
Subordinating Conjunctions:

A subordinating conjunction is a word or phrase that links a dependent clause to an

independent clause. This word or phrase indicates that a clause has informative
value to add to the sentence's main idea, signaling a cause-and-effect relationship
or a shift in time and place between the two clauses.

1. My grandma took me to a spinning and weaving workshop so that I could learn

about this craft.

2. The guide explained how the artisans make the carpet while we watched them
weave.

3. They have to clean, wash, and dry the wool before they can use it.

4. The artisans spin the wool to make it into yarn after they clean it.

5. I think the bright colors are the most beautiful ones even some people prefer
dark colors.

6.These artisans only use natural vegetable dyes, although other workshops use
synthetic dyes.

7. As soon as the yarn is dry, they can use it to weave a carpet.

8. Every time I look at it, I remember how much work and skill it takes to make a
carpet.

Writing tip:

In texts, there is an introduction which presents the general idea of the text. The
conclusion part comes at the end to present a summary of the text's main idea and
tells the reader what to do with the information you presented in your text.
57
 Exercises
1.Listen and circle the correct answer from a, b, c, or

1. Smart growth is a way to …………… new areas of a city.

a. plan b. walk c. weave d. dye

2. Smart growth planners want to protect the ……………. .

a. schools b. environment c. government d. birds

3. The planners want to …………… the lives of people.

a. improve b. increase c. wave d. decrease

4. In smart growth we can go to work or school …………...

a. by taxi b. by plane c. on foot d. by train

2. Listen and complete:

To make a carpet :

1. The artisans collect the wool from ……………….

2. Then, they have to …………….., ……………. and ……………… the wool.

3.The artisans use ………………………….. or synthetic dyes to dye the wool.

4. As soon as the yarn is ……………., they can use it to weave .

58
3. Read and complete the text with the words in the box:

(pedestrian – inhabitants – rural – metropolitan)

Hello, I live in Greater Cairo. It's a ……………. area and densely populated.

There are more than 20 million ……………………, so it's a very busy place.

There are a lot of cars so there's also congestion. If you are a …………, you have
to be very careful.

(environment- plan – green – doctors)

Smart growth is a way to ………….. new areas of a city. Smart growth planners
want to protect the …………….. and improve the lives of people living in them.

People can walk to work or school there. There's good public transportation and no
cars. People have all of the services that they need close to their homes. There are
……………….. spaces for people to enjoy.

(sparsely – isolated - services – urban)

Hi! I'm going to tell you about my village. It's ……….. populated - only about 700
people live here. It's also a very traditional place. It's in the desert so it's an
…………… place, too. We have a lot of …………… close to my family's home
though, like shops, workshops, and my school.

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 (warp – artisans – cotton – loom)

Before the …………… can weave the carpets, they have to make the ………….
The warp is the structure of the carpet. They make the warp using spun Egyptian
cotton. Later, they use the warp and the dyed wool to make beautiful carpets. The
artisans make the carpets by hand using a machine called a ………. . They add the
different colored yarn to make geometric patterns.

(population - government - city – port)

I'm Dina and I'm going to tell you about myself today. I live in Alexandria. It's a
beautiful ………… on the Mediterranean Sea. As you might know, it's the second
largest city in Egypt with a ……………….. of more than 5 million people. It has
an important …………. and there is a lot of industry here too.

4. Underline the correct words in brackets:

1. Smart growth planners want to protect the (environment – government – ideas –

numbers).

2.Wellington is the capital (country- village – city – cave) of New Zealand.

3. A person who lives in a place is a (congestion – pedestrian – inhabitant –

description).

4. The area is still very (rural – urban – smart – unreal) and undeveloped.

5. Mary lives in an (urban – rural- city – village) environment. There are a lot of
inhabitants. The population is (sparse – dense – poor – angry).

60
6. His health has (improved – increased – played – expired) since he started
exercising.

7. My village is far from people or other communities. It‟s (isolated – dyed – huge
– traditional).

8. Certain chemicals have been banned because of their damaging effect on the
(environment – carpet – yarn – warp).

9. A person who is walking in the street is a (mail carrier – electrician – inhabitant

– pedestrian)

10. My grandma and I like the natural vegetable dyes as they are more (modern -
traditional – new – enormous).

11. Wild animals are seldom seen in (divided – populated – beautiful – old) areas.

12. Archeologists say that people started living in (New valley – Fayoum – Giza –
Alexandria) more than 6,000 years ago.

13. England was once a (sparsely – rich – densely – generous) wooded country.
There are a lot of trees grew close together there).

14. (Project – Congestion – Introduction – Resources) is so much traffic that the

cars have to move slowly.

15. Be careful not to introduce new ideas in the (congestion – pedestrian –

environment – conclusion) of your essay.

16. Sam (dyed – cleaned – washed – baked) his hair black.

17. There are a lot of cars so there‟s congestion. If you are a (pedestrian – heading
– neighborhood – transportation), you have to be careful.

61
18. Sue lives in a (rural – urban – large – dyed – environment). There aren‟t a lot
of inhabitants. The population is (sparse – important - dense – pedestrian).

19. The first (carpet – congestion - inhabitant – artisan) of the farm was my great-
grandfather, who built the house.

20. Many people come from the surrounding (goslings – weavers – conjunctions –
villages) to work in the town.

21. In smart growth, there is good public transportation and no (green spaces – cars
– shops – workshops).

22. I could not get a seat, (as - though – because – when) I came early.

23. Leo is saving his pocket money (after – so that – because – although) he can
buy his grandma a present.

24. My (child - children – sister - baby) hate eating pasta.

25. (Every time - Even though – So that – Although) dad goes to Cairo, he buys us
a present.

26. I am ill. My (nose – feet – foot - leg) hurt.

27. Pay attention to your work (or – so that – while – although) you will not make
mistakes.

28. You must visit the Karnak Temple (after - before – although – as soon as) you
leave Luxor.

29. Sarah is honest (if – so that – when – although) everyone trusts her.

30. I clean my (tooth – teeth – books - plans) three times a day.

31. The (student – player – students - man) are doing the exercise right now.

62
32. (As soon as – Because – Before – Now that) the alarm goes off, I hit the snooze
button.

33. They are sending some (policeman – men – man – mail carrier) to fix the roof.

34. (Every time – So that – Although – Even though) we go to Alexandria, I

remember our wonderful holiday there.

35. Most (housewife – housewives – houses – doctor) work more than ten hours a
day at home.

36. (After – Before – Even though – If) you go to bed, brush your teeth.

37. We had to chop the vegetables (after – although – before – even though) we
cooked them.

38. Tom followed his teacher's advice (so that – when – while – after) he could do
well in school.

39. (Before – After – Although – So that) I went to the club, I met my friends
there.

40. Frank couldn't eat (so that – as soon as – although – when) he was hungry.

41. My mother watched us (while - but – so that – although) we played in the

garden.

42. Malek and Youssef ran inside (although – even though - as soon as – so that) it
started raining.

43. The audience didn't have to wait long (before – so that – even though –
although) the concert started.

44. We always help Mom in the kitchen (after – although – even though - so that)
we've had dinner.
63
45. The tour guide explained how the artisans make carpet (so that - while –
although – even though) we watched them weave.

46. We chatted with our friends (so that – while – even though – though) we
waited for the bus.

47. I always wash my hands (before - while – although – even though) I have my
meal.

48. I watched Amir play football (even though – while – so that – as soon as) I
don‟t like sports.

49. The parents watched their children (while – even though - so that – although)
they played in the park.

50. I opened the door (after - while – although – even though) the doorbell rang.

5. Rewrite the following sentences using the words between brackets:

1. It was extremely hot all day. We still enjoyed the day out. (although)

………………………………………………………………………………..

2. Ryan will clean the freshly fish. We can eat them for dinner tonight. (so that)

………………………………………………………………………………..

3. We sometimes go to Hurghada after we have our mid –year vacation. (before)

…………………………………………………………………………………

4. There‟s a sheep and a buffalo in my uncle‟s farm. (There‟re)

…………………………………………………………………………………

64
5. I don't like to use synthetic dyes. The colors look bright. (although)

………………………………………………………………………………..

6. Samira met her friend Dina. She finished her homework. (as soon as)

………………………………………………………………………………..

7. In order to work at home, Dad bought a laptop. (so that)

………………………………………………………………………………..

8. I saw the thief. I telephoned the police. (as soon as)

……………………………………………………………………………….

9. The sun came out. We spent all day at the park. (after)

…………………………………………………………………………………

10. English is the most international language of the world. Chinese is the most
widely spoken language. (even though)

…………………………………………………………………………………….

6. Order the words to make correct sentences:

1. is- to – Smart growth- areas – new – a way – a city – of – plan

……………………………………………………………………………………

2. do – my – so that – I – understand – my homework – I learned – what

……………………………………………………………………………………

3. More – than – people – live – in - Egypt– rural – areas – urban – areas

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……………………………………………………………………………………

4. is – What – between – a village – the difference – a city – and -?

…………………………………………………………………………………….

5. weave – make – Before – they – the artisans – can – the carpets – the warp

…………………………………………………………………………………….

6. are – six – There – two – buffaloes – sheep- and

…………………………………………………………………………………….

7. oldest – in – is - The – Egypt – city – Fayoum

……………………………………………………………………………………..

7. Write a text of FIFTY (50) words using the following guiding elements:

What are the differences between a village and a city?

Guiding words: rural – urban – population - dense – sparse – metropolitan –

isolated

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

66
Patriarchal College Virtue and Science

Connect plus 4 Unit 5

Resources in our world

New vocabulary:
 Windmill (noun): a building or structure with large blades on the outside
that, when turned by the force of the wind, provide the power for getting
water out of the ground or crushing grain
Example: We cannot for much longer run society on windmills, and,

therefore, oil prices may or may not fall.

 Grind (verb): to make something into small pieces or a powder by pressing

between hard surfaces:
Example: They grind the grain into flour (= make flour by crushing grain)

between two large stones.

 Grain (noun): a seed or seeds from a plant, especially a plant like a grass
such as rice or wheat:
Example: A few chickens were scratching around in the yard for grain.

 Natural (adjective): as found in nature and not involving anything made or

done by people:
Example: Floods and earthquakes are natural disasters.

 Resource (noun): a useful or valuable possession or quality of a country,

organization, or person:
Example: Britain's mineral resources include coal and gas deposits.

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 Construct (verb): to build something or put together different parts to form
something whole:
Example: The walls are constructed of concrete.

 Renewable (adjective): Renewable forms of energy can be produced as

quickly as they are used:
Example: Renewable energy sources are such as wind and solar power.

 Non-renewable (adjective): existing in limited quantities that cannot be

replaced after they have all been used:
Example: Oil, natural gas, and coal are non-renewable fuels.

 Wood (noun): a hard substance that forms the branches and trunks of trees
and can be used as a building material, for making things, or as a fuel:
Example: He gathered some wood to build a fire.
 Soil (noun): the material on the surface of the ground in which plants grow:
Example: This vertical section of the soil shows four basic soil layers.

 Stone (noun): the hard, solid substance found in the ground that is often
used for building, or a piece of this:
Example: They cut enormous blocks of stone out of the hillside.

 Mineral (noun): a valuable or useful chemical substance that is formed

naturally in the ground
 Metal (noun): a chemical element, such as iron or gold, or a mixture of such
elements, such as steel, that is generally hard and strong, and through which
electricity and heat can travel:
Example: Silver, gold, and platinum are precious metals.

68
 Petroleum (noun): a dark, thick oil obtained from under the ground, from
which various substances including petrol, paraffin, and diesel oil are
produced
Example: Petrol and diesel are produced from petroleum.

 Water (noun): a clear liquid, without colour or taste, that falls from the sky
as rain and is necessary for animal and plant life:
Example: The human body is about 50 percent water.

 Plastic (noun): an artificial substance that can be shaped when soft into
many different forms and has many different uses:
Example: He put a sheet of plastic over the broken window.

 Fossil (noun): the shape of a bone, a shell, or a plant or animal that has been
preserved in rock for a very long period:
Example: The fossils were found in the middle part of the road-cut.

 Coal (noun): a hard, black substance that is dug from the earth in pieces,
and can be burned to produce heat or power, or a single piece of this:
Example: The coal fire had discoloured the paintwork.

 Natural gas (noun): gas, found underground, that is used as a fuel

Example: Russia has about half the world's coal reserves, 25% of its natural
gas, and 18% of its gold.

 Crude (noun): oil from rocks underground in a natural state that has not yet
been treated
 oil well (noun): a hole that is made in the ground so that oil can be taken out
of it

69
 Fuel (noun): a substance that is used to provide heat or power, usually by
being burned:
Example: Any country with an oil well is attractive to foreign currency.

 Wave (noun): a raised line of water that moves across the surface of an area
of water, especially the sea:
Example: At night, I listened to the sound of the waves breaking/crashing

against the shore.

 Wind power (noun): electricity produced using wind turbines:

Example: China could meet a significant portion of its electricity needs

through wind power.

 Solar power (noun): electricity produced by using the energy from the sun:
Example: Solar power for direct heating and cooking is still yet to be

popularized.

 Tidal power (noun): power that comes from the movement of the tide (=
the rise and fall of the sea that happens twice every day) and that can be used
especially for producing electricity:
Example: The Government pledged investment into the research and

development of wind, solar, and tidal power.

 Dusty (adjective): covered in dust:

Example: We drove along the dusty road.
 Energy (noun): the power from something such as electricity or oil that can
do work, such as providing light and heat:
Example: Many countries are starting to turn their attention to new forms of

70
 energy.

 Run out (verb): If a supply of something runs out, all of it has been used or
it is completely finished:
Example: Oil supplies are low, but they have not run out yet.

 Solar panel (noun): a device that changes energy from the sun into
electricity:
Example: Solar panels are used to power satellites.

 Solar energy (noun): energy that uses the power of the sun to produce
electricity
Example: In winter, some solar energy can be utilized, but the boiler will

provide most heating energy for hot water.

 Electrical (adjective): relating to electricity:

Example: There is a 25% discount on all electrical goods until the end of the
week.

 Experience (noun): (the process of getting) knowledge or skill from doing,

seeing, or feeling things:
Example: The best way to learn is by experience (= by doing things).

 Skill (noun): an ability to do an activity or job well, especially because you

have practised it:
Example: Ruth had/possessed great writing skills.

 Talent (noun): (someone who has) a natural ability to be good at something,

especially without being taught:
Example: Her talent for music showed at an early age.

71
 Career (noun): the job or series of jobs that you do during your working
life, especially if you continue to get better jobs and earn more money:
Example: He's hoping for a career in the police force/as a police officer.

 Train (verb): to prepare someone or yourself for a job, activity, or sport, by

learning skills and/or by mental or physical exercise:
Example: She trained as a pilot.

 Promotion (noun): the act of raising someone to a higher or more important

position or rank:
Example: Did Steve get/Was Steve given the promotion he wanted?
 Turbine (noun): a type of machine through which liquid or gas flows and
turns a special wheel with blades in order to produce power:
Example: A one-megawatt turbine can produce enough electricity annually

to meet the needs of 700 households.

 Responsible (adjective): having good judgment and the ability to act

correctly and make decisions on your own:
Example: Let's stay calm and try to behave like responsible adults.

 Collaborate (verb): to work together with another person or organization

for a particular purpose:
Example: A German company collaborated with a Swiss firm to develop the
product.

 Solve (verb): to find an answer to a problem:

Example: I've been trying to solve this problem all week, but I still haven't

cracked it.

72
  Communicate (verb): to share information with others by speaking,
writing, moving your body, or using other signals:
Example: Unable to speak a word of the language, he communicated with

(using) his hands.

 Positive (adjective): full of hope and confidence, or giving cause for hope
and confidence:
Example: The most important thing is to go into the exam feeling positive.

 Attitude (noun): a feeling or opinion about something or someone, or a way

of behaving that is caused by this:
Example: I don't like your attitude (= the way you are behaving).

Grammar
First: Present simple:
Affirmative Negative Questions
I work I don‟t work Do I work?
He/She/It works He/She/It doesn‟t work Does he/she/it work?
We/You/They work We/You/They don‟t Do we/you/they work?
work

Use:
 We use the present simple to talk about repeated actions and habits.
-I play tennis on Saturdays.
-Do you come here often?
 We use the present simple to talk about facts or general truths.
-Russia produces good tennis players.
-10 x 10 makes 100.
73
When the subject of a present tense sentence is He, She, or It you need to change
the verb:
+s +es +ies
Most verbs Verbs that end in o, x, s, Verbs that end in a
ss, ch, sh, z consonant and y

help ---- helps catch ------ catches study ---- studies

74
Second:

Subject Object Possessive adjective Possessive pronoun

I Me my mine

you You your yours

he Him his his

she Her her hers

it It its -

we Us our ours

they Them their theirs

We use possessive adjectives:

 to show something belongs to somebody:
That's our house.
My car is very old.
 for relations and friends:
My mother is a doctor.
How old is your sister?
 for parts of the body:
He's broken his arm.
She's washing her hair.

75
 Exercises

1.Listen and circle the correct answer from a, b, c, or

1. Adam wrote the email to …………… for a job.

a. write b. apply c. leave d. study

2. Adam read the advertisement in a ……………. .

a. magazine b. website c. book d. university

3. Adam studied …………… at Cairo University.

a. medicine b. engineering c. arts d. English language

4. The email is written for …………...

a. Adam b. Ms. Rasha c. the instructor d. the interview

2. Listen and complete:

1. We can‟t …………….. energy.

2. We use …………. .. to collect sunlight.

3. In solar panels the solar energy is turned into ……………….. .

4. In TV the electrical energy is turned into ……………... .

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3. Read and complete the text with the words in the box:

(responsible , non-renewable , renewable , run out)

Some resources are what we call renewable. Renewable resources can be naturally
replaced when they …………… . The sun, wind and falling water are examples of
…………… resources. Then there are ……………. resources. These are things
like metals and petroleum. Once we have used all of them up, we can't get any
more here on Earth.

(finishes, relaxes, does, catches)

Mary wakes up for school at 7 o‟clock. First, she washes her face. Then she eats
her breakfast and brushes teeth. She goes to school at 7:30. School …………… at
2 o‟clock. She ……………… the bus to go home. Then she ………………. her
homework. Sometimes she helps mom make dinner.

(his, her, their, theirs)

Amir and Amira are twins. They worked together and did ……………… science
project on renewable energy. They presented their project to the class on Thursday.

Amir presented ………. part on solar power. Amira presented ……….. part on
wave power. Both children did a good job in their presentation.

(communicate, Teamwork, sensitive, Presentation)

……………… is very important for the success of a project. When you're working
in a team, you should……………….. Share your ideas and feelings with the other
team members. You should be open about how you're feeling about a project.
Remember to be ……………. to how others might feel. You should be polite too.

77
4. Underline the correct words in brackets:

1. Britain's mineral (resources – experiences – talents – presentations) include coal

and gas deposits.

2. Shall I (communicate – fix – train – grind) a little black pepper over your salad?

3. It's often very difficult to change people's (attitudes – projects – presentations –

promotion).

4. Mary would like to have a (career – talent – present – turbine) in medicine.

5. If you are (upset – wrong – difficult – positive), you‟ll help yourself and the
other team members be more successful.

6. Corn is grown a lot in this area. The (metal – soil – wood – oil) seems to suit it
very well.

7. Products which are (petroleum – wood – soil – wind) -based are highly
inflammable.

8. After two years, Mr. Max got a (problem – computer – promotion – member) to
senior manager.

9. Just calm down - shouting won't (remember – write – work- solve) anything!

10. Oil, natural gas, and coal are (renewable - non-renewable – clean – solar) fuels.

11. My best (skill – team – energy – panel) is computer programming. I love

computers.

12. Floods and earthquakes are (renewable – non-renewable – natural – same)

disasters.

78
13. Huda's sister has three years' (change – card – experience – space) as an
accountant.

14. The country's greatest (language – question – resource – wind farm) is the
dedication of its workers.

15. You will have to (solve – train – teach – dry) for two months to learn
everything you need to know.

16. Talk to your team (months – members – projects – problems). Share ideas.
Work together.

17. Tom is a hard-working and (lazy – scary – responsible – renewable) employee.

18. Renewable energy sources are such as wind and (solar power- metal -
petroleum – mineral).

19. I have no (skill – job – team – attitude) at/in sewing.

20. Never use water to put out fires in (cheap - electrical – positive – calm)
equipment.

21. Those flowers aren't )real – fun – promotion synthetic) they're made of plastic.

22. Ahmed has applied for a (job – presentation – team – respect) as an electrical
engineer.

23. Solar power is the conversion of the sun's (part – energy – promotion –
attitude) into heat and electricity.

24. Ann's most important (promotion – talent – job – problem) is being able to play
the oud.

25. I don't think she has the (experience – career – problem – promotion) for the
job. She doesn‟t have enough knowledge and skill for it.
79
26. The baby (cry – cried – cries – is crying) when she is hungry.

27. Lara did (their - her – his – its) science project on global warming.

28. Leo (go – went - goes - is going) to the café every day.

29. (Be - Am – Is – To be) on time for work. Work hard and finish your projects on
time.

30. Talia sometimes (watch – watched – watches – is watching) TV after school.

31. Neither of the children was nervous about (them – our - their – her)
presentations.

32. My family (go – goes – went – is going) to visit my grandparents on Fridays.

33. No one at school uses (his – her – their – its) phone in class.

34. Sue presented (her – his - our – your) project to the class.

35. People in China never (eat – ate - eats - are eating) with forks.

36. Thomas (raise – raises – raised – is raising) his hand when he (finish – finishes
– finished – is finishing) his exercises.

37. Wael did (its – him – his – her) science project on tidal power.

38. My mum (cooks – cook – cooked - is cooking) dinner at the moment.

39. The teachers (never are - are never – never - be) late.

40. Each of the children practiced (them – their - theirs – they) presentations at
home.

41. It (doesn't snow - is not snowing – didn‟t snow - don't snow) in summer.

42. Youssef's dad is a mechanic. He (fix – fixes – fixed – is fixing) cars.

80
43. Sam presented (him - his – its – mine) project to the class.

44. How often (is she playing - does she play - she plays) here?

45. Both children presented (their – theirs – them – us) projects on Tuesday.

46. Dad usually (pay - pays – paid - is paying) the bill, but today mum (pays – paid
- is paying - are paying).

47. (Our - Us – It – Them) cat (drink – drinks – drank – is drinking) a lot of water
when it‟s hot out.

48. Jamie is (in - on – about - at) the phone. He (talks - talk – talked - is talking) to
Eric right now.

49. I asked someone at school to lend me (his –her – their – our) book.

50. At the end of the presentation, someone raised (his - their – her – our) hand to
ask a question.

5. Rewrite the following sentences using the words between brackets:

1) Frank helps his mum make dinner. (Frank and Molly)

……………………………………………………………………………….

2) The children are watching TV at the moment. (often)

………………………………………………………………………………

3) We visit our cousins once a week. (How)

………………………………………………………………………………

4) Sara is having breakfast now. (usually)

………………………………………………………………………………

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5) Yes, Andy studies English every day. (study)

……………………………………………………………………………..

6) Ahmed is washing and drying the dishes with his father now. (always)

……………………………………………………………………………..

7) The baby usually cries at night. (not)

………………………………………………………………………………

8) The children sometimes catch the bus to go home. (Mark)

………………………………………………………………………………..

9) Jack goes to school at 7.30. (When)

……………………………………………………………………………..

10) Jane drinks coffee every day. (now)

………………………………………………………………………

6. Order the words to make correct sentences:

1. clean – energy – Renewable – is – it –run out – doesn‟t - and

……………………………………………………………………………
2. Don't – Try - worry - problems. - and solve - about - them.
……………………………………………………………………………
3. Adam - in - his - presentation - the afternoon - gave.
……………………………………………………………………..……..
4. Fossil – are – resources – fuels – non- renewable
……………………………………………………………………………
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5. Layla- Anna - her – told- address.
…………………………………………………………………………….
6. use – We – to – sunlight – solar panels – collect
…………………………………………………………………………….
7. is – important - Why – coal – for – industry?
…………………………………………………………………………….

7. Write a text of FIFTY (50) words using the following guiding elements:

How can you be a good team member?

Guiding words: be reliable, responsible, collaborate, communicate, show respect,

solve problems

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

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Patriarchal College Virtue and Science

Connect plus 4 Unit 6

Let’s work
New vocabulary:
 Transportation (noun): the movement of people or goods from one place
to another:
Example: In the past, British convicts could be sentenced to transportation (to

Australia).

 Transport (verb): to take goods or people from one place to another:

Example: The pipeline was constructed to transport oil across Alaska to ports

on the coast.

 Air (noun): travel in an aircraft:

Example: I don't travel much by air.

 Pipe (noun): a tube inside which liquid or gas flows from one place to
another:
a water/gas/sewer pipe

a burst/fractured/leaking pipe

Example: Water was leaking from the pipe.

 Rail (noun): the system of transport that uses trains:

Example: Environmentalists argue that more goods should be transported by

rail.

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  ferry(noun): a boat or ship for taking passengers and often vehicles across
an area of water, especially as a regular service:
Example: We're going to the Channel Islands by/on the ferry.

 Preview (verb): to describe something or be shown before it officially

begins:
Example: Miller's new play is previewing (= being performed publicly before it

officially opens) at the Theatre Royal tomorrow.

 Prepay (adjective): used to refer to a mobile phone that you must pay to use
before you can use it
Example: Ordinary postage stamps are used to prepay the air-mail fees.

 Preschool (noun): a school for children who are between about three and
five years old
Example: Barely able to talk, she phones the preschool to tell them she will
soon pick up her child.
 Robotic (adjective): relating to or like a robot
Example: Japanese researchers have led the world in advances in robotic

engineering.

 Design (verb): to make or draw plans for something, for example clothes or
buildings:
Example: Who designed this building/dress/furniture?

 Designer (noun): a person who imagines how something could be made and
draws plans for it:
a fashion/software/theatrical designer

Example: She's a highly original young designer.

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 Spacecraft (noun): a vehicle used for travel in space:
a manned/unmanned spacecraft (= with/without people inside)

 Podcast (noun): a radio programme that is stored in a digital form that you
can download from the internet and play on a computer or on an MP3 player
Example: Remember you can download the weekly Business News as a

podcast.

 Search engine (noun): a computer program that finds information on the

internet by looking for words that you have typed in
Example: What a user may want from a search engine is to receive relevant

results, and to receive them fast.

 Look up (verb): search for and find a piece of information in a book or

database.
Example: The translation process amounted to little more than looking up

words in bilingual dictionaries.

 Link (noun): a connection between two people, things, or ideas:

Example: There's a direct link between diet and heart disease.

 Browser (noun): a computer program that makes it possible for you to read
information on the internet:
Example: The latest version of the browser allows you to listen to the radio

while you surf the net.

 Ad (noun): informal for an advertisement: short form of advertisement

Example: I often prefer the ads on TV to the actual programmes.

 Specific (adjective): relating to one thing and not others; particular:

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Example: The money is intended to be used for specific purposes.

 Create (verb): to make something new, or invent something:

Example: It's important to create a good impression when you meet a new

client.

 Password (noun): a secret word or combination of letters or numbers, used

for communicating with another person or with a computer to prove who
you are:
Example: I can't let you in unless you give the password.

 Passphrase (noun): A paraphrase of something is the same thing written or

spoken using different words, often in a simpler and shorter form that makes
the original meaning clearer:
Example: She gave us a quick paraphrase of what had been said.

 Characters (noun): a letter, number, or other mark or sign used in writing

or printing, or the space one of these takes:
a string of characters (= a line of marks)

Example: The address was written in Chinese/Japanese characters (= systems of

writing).

 Symbol (noun): a sign, shape, or object that is used to represent something

else:
Example: A heart shape is the symbol of love.

 Ship’s captain (noun): the person in charge of a ship or an aircraft:

Example: This is your captain speaking. We expect to be landing at Osaka

Kansai airport in an hour's time.

87
  Wave (verb): to raise your hand and move it from side to side as a way of
greeting someone, telling someone to do something, or adding emphasis to
an expression:
Example: I was waving my hand like mad but he never once looked in my

direction.

 Container (noun): a very large metal box used for transporting goods:
a container ship/lorry

Example: The crane lifted the container off the ship.

Business

 Product (noun): something that is made to be sold, usually something that

is produced by an industrial process or, less commonly, something that is
grown or obtained through farming:
Example: They do a range of skin-care products.

 Environment (noun): the air, water, and land in or on which people,

animals, and plants live:
Example: We're not doing enough to protect the environment from pollution.

More examples

 Information (noun): facts about a situation, person, event, etc.:

Example: Do you have any information about/on train times?

 Entrepreneurs (noun): someone who starts their own business, especially

when this involves seeing a new opportunity:
Example: He was one of the entrepreneurs of the 80s who made their money in

property.

88
Grammar
Future Simple
Affirmative Negative Question

I / He / She / It / We / I/ He / She / It /We / You Will I / He / She / It / We

You / They will („ll) / They will not (won‟t) /You/ They play?
play. play.

Use:

We use the future simple tense

• For predictions:

ex: There will be more people on Earth in the future.

• For decisions made at the time of speaking:

ex: There is no milk in the fridge. I‟ll buy some now at the supermarket

Present perfect

Affirmative Negative Questions

I have played. I haven't played. Have I played?
He/She/It has played. He/She/It hasn't played. Has he/she/it played?
We/You/They have We/You/They haven't Have we/you/they
played. played. played?

89
Use:
 Talking about an action which is finished but which still has an effect in the
present, often with already, just or (not) yet.

-I've already joined the swimming club.

-I've just had a brilliant idea.

 Talking about something which started in the past and is still true now, often
with for or since:

-I've played it for two years.

-I've watched it on TV since I was eight.

 Talking about an experience that has or hasn't happened (without a specific

time reference), often with ever, never or before.

-Have you ever tried basketball?

-I've never been in a swimming pool.

-I haven't played it before.

Tip!

We use pre- at the start of words in English to mean 'before'.

For example, prepay , preview , pre-school…..

Writing tip!

The exclamation point (!) shows strong feelings or emotions.

Example: The new electric train is very fast! It can go 250 kilometers per hour.

90
 Exercises

1.Listen and circle the correct answer from a, b, c, or

1. The Suez canal is an ……………sea-level waterway in Egypt .

a. artificial b. amazing c. awesome d. orange

2. The Suez canal is now ……………. long.

a. 193 b. 391 c. 931 d. 139

3. It was 205 meters …………… .

a. deep b. long c wide d. tall

4. It took 10 years to ……………. It.

a. build b. celebrate c. move d. sail

2. Listen and complete:

To create strong password:

1. Don‟t use ……………… information.

2. Don‟t use ……………. than 10 characters.

3. Don‟t use the ……………… password for different accounts.

4. Don‟t tell your ……………... your password.

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3. Read and complete the text with the words in the box:

(pedestrian - entrepreneur – starts – make)

An / A …………… is someone who …………. a new business. First, you need to
decide what goods you will sell, or what services you will offer. Then, you have to
decide where you will sell your goods or offer your services. Finally, you will
……………. a poster to help explain your business plan.

(spaces – different – capital – research)

To create a passphrase (Passphrases are much safer than regular passwords.)

1 Choose four ……....... words that you can remember: mouseferryamazingfootball

2 Add ……………. to make it stronger: mouse ferry amazing football

3 Use some …………….. letters: mouse FERRY amazing football.

(same – characters - different – personal – tell)

How to Create Strong Passwords and Passphrases

 Don't use ………….. information like names, birthdays, phone numbers, or

addresses. Don't use easy or obvious words, like Password or Computer, or
series of numbers, like 1234.
 Don't use less than 10 ………………….
 Don't use the …………….. password for different accounts.
 And don't ……………… your friends your passwords.

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4. Choose the correct answer(s) between the brackets:

1.Some viruses attacks (specific- robotic – safe – easy) cells in the brain.

2. The first (air – pipe – water – train) line in Egypt opened in 1854. It traveled
from Cairo to Alexandria.

3. You should use the (big - curious – safe – tiny) search option in your browser.

4. There are special search engines for (school - teachers – children - robots).

5. You will see the ads (first - in the middle – on - last). Ignore them!

6. Choose the (first – best – last - worst) option in the search box.

7. To get the best search results, use (short – long – specific - general) words.

8. Sue was so annoyed she wouldn't even (weave – wave – walk – wash) us
goodbye.

9. Such heavy items are expensive to (transport – spin – breathe – read) by plane.

10. Almost all the passengers on the (ferry – pipe – fossil fuel – coal) were French.

11. (Robotic – Generous – Simple – Important) surgery is more accurate for some
medical procedures.

12. Clicking on this link will open a new (speed – company –browser – engineer)
window.

13. Start by typing the name of the company into your (search engine – restaurant
– future – bookstore) and see what results come up.

14. It would be better for the (environment – password code – passphrase –

computer) if more people used bikes rather than cars.

93
15. The wheel in the Indian flag is a (symbol- business – machine – company) of
peace.

16. The Suez Canal is now 193 km. long. It was started in 1859 and it took (7 - 8 -
9 -10) Years to finish it.

17. What will you do when you're a/an (baby – child – student – adult)?

18. There are more than a billion web pages on the (water – rail – road – internet).

19. Tech is short for (t-shirt – technology – travel – technique).

20. I read an interesting bit/piece of (information – pollution – landfill – company)

in the newspaper.

21. Some of the children have (specific robotic – tech – best) learning difficulties.

22. I (waved –sailed – clicked – read) to/at him from the window but he didn't see
me.

23. He's (designed - traveled – added – contained) dresses for many celebrities,
most famously the Queen.

24. You can't gain access to the computer system without entering your (container
– toys – clothes – password).

25. People will travel to Mars for vacation in (2020 -2052- 2021- 2002).

26. Emmy has (see - saw – seen - sees) the new album.

27. Tim (will tidy - has tidied - have tidied – tidies) his room. It's clean now.

28. Jane (wear - were - wore - wears) her purple skirt yesterday.

29. Has she (did - do – done - does) her homework?

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30. (Have you watched - Did you watch - Do you watch – Are you watching) TV
yesterday? No, I haven't.

31. He (going to -will-is -has) phone his friend.

32. I (have - am having – had - having) a party next week.

33. Every autumn, the leaves (fall - fell – feel - felt) from the trees.

34. We (haven't never - have never - have ever - never) played golf.

35. Robots won't (drive – drives – drove – driving) trains next year.

36. (Have you ever - Have you never - Did you – Are you) eaten pizza?

37. In the future, I (am – will – have – had) take a flying taxi to school.

38. Tom has visited the museum, but he (has never visited- has visited - has ever
visited) the Castle.

39. (Have – Will – Are – Do) you travel to the Moon one day?

40. She has written her story but I (have - haven't - didn't – am not) written mine.

41. It is the best book I have (never - every – ever – every time) read.

42. Next week it (is – has – will -does) be hot.

43. (Yesterday-Tomorrow - Last week) he will arrive at the town.

44. Sue will (go - went –goes - gone) to her uncle tomorrow.

45. We (didn't - won't- aren‟t - weren't) travel to Aswan next winter.

46. We will go on holiday (in – on – above - at) two weeks' time.

47. Will the weather (be – is – was - has) fine tomorrow?

48. If you study hard, you (succeed - are succeed - will succeed – won‟t succeed).
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49. Have you ever (travel – traveled – travels – traveling) on a ship?

50. Airplanes (will – have – do – are) use solar energy in the future.

5. Re-write the following sentences using the words between brackets:

1. My parents will buy a self-driving car next year. (not)

………………………………………………………………………………..

2. I have never been to the Valley of Kings. (ever)

………………………………………………………………………………..

3. I showed you a picture of Tutankhamun's royal ship yesterday. (tomorrow)

…………………………………………………………………………….....

4. Tom finished his work yesterday. (just)

……………………………………………………………………………….

5. Airplanes will use solar energy in the future. (what)

………………………………………………………………………………..

6. I have saved some documents here. (not)

……………………………………………………………………………….

7. It was windy last week. (will)

……………………………………………………………………………….

8. No, he has never watched a scary film. (Has)

……………………………………………………………………………….

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9. The government will build three bridges in Alexandria, Cairo and Suez.

(How many)

……………………………………………………………………………..

10. Has Ben ever eaten rice with curry? (never)

…………………………………………………………………………….

6. Order the words to make correct sentences:

1. a – ship - travel - on - She - will

……………………………………………………………………..

2. you – ever – Have – taken – a river ferry?

…………………………………………………………………….

3. captain – to – The – drive – has – for – a long time – the huge – ship

………………………………………………………………………….

4. the – sit - won't - window- by - Amir

………………………………………………………………………….

5. was – an – It – video- amazing

…………………………………………………………………………

6. the - people - in - flying cars - Will - use - future

………………………………………………………………………….

7. I – yet – finished – my –haven‟t - homework

………………………………………………………………………….

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7. Write a text of FIFTY (50) words using the following guiding elements:

Different kinds of transportation, the one you prefer and why.

Guiding words: air – rail – road – water

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

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Patriarchal College Virtue and Science

Connect plus 4 Story

Khayameya summer
(From p.110 to p.114)

A) Read and write T (True) or F (False):

1. Mom agreed to visit Zeinb‟s grandpa. ( )

2. Zeinb‟s grandparents were very pleased to see her. ( )

3. Grandpa was one of the net maker. ( )

4. Zeinb and her grandpa visited the factory. ( )

5. The tiny picture is made of thousands of small birds. ( )

6. Grandpa measured all the pieces by hand. ( )

7. Grandpa likes sewing letters. ( )

B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1. Zeinb was …………. It was the second week of the summer holiday.

a. happy b. bored c. scared d. generous

2. Grandpa „s eyes are not very good now. He can‟t see to ………….

a. sew b. write c. feed the animals d. type an email

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3. Grandpa was one of the best ……………….. in Khayameya Street.

a. musicians b. actors c. artisans d. readers

4. “Oh no! You can‟t stop! You make such beautiful things!” ……………..said.

a. mom b. Zeinb c. grandma d. mom and Zeinb

5. Zeinb loved the big picture with all the………………….

a. stars b. birds c. flowers d. letters

6. Zeinab‟s grandpa wanted to be an engineer or a teacher, when he was a/an

………….

a. baby b. child c. man d. elderly person

7. Grandpa‟s ………………. taught him to sew.

a. father b. mother c. sister d. uncle

C) Complete:

1. Grandpa‟s eyes are not very good now. He can‟t see to ………………………

2. The big picture is made of thousands and thousands of ………………………

3. Grandpa likes sewing ……………… and ……………………… best.

4. Zeinb‟s grandpa wanted to be an engineer or a teacher , but he ………..............

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Patriarchal College Virtue and Science

Connect plus 4 Story

Khayameya summer
(From p.115 to p.119)

A) Read and write T (True) or F (False):

1. Zeinb‟s friends are very clever. ( )

2. Rasha is great at science and working out problems. ( )

3. Doha makes amazing art. ( )

4. To make Khayameya , you need a pattern with 2 layers of cotton. ( )

5. Zienb and her friends like teaching. ( )

6. A lot of people want to learn about Khayameya. ( )

7. Khayameya School is travelling all spring. ( )

B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1. Lobna …………….. things and has great ideas.

a. invites b. invents c. sew d. cooks

2. Zeinb ………………. her friends.

a. called b. helped c. visited d. wrote

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3. Zeinb and her friends have a great ………………

a. teacher b. party c. job d. bazaar

4. Other people came and ……………….. the girls.

a. called b. mixed c. talked d. joined

5. The Khayameya School is going to …………. , then Tanta and Marsa Matrouh!

a. Ismailia b. Giza c. New valley d. Alexandria

6. What a ……………………. summer holiday!

a. boring b. wonderful c. silly d. clever

C). Complete:

1. Engy makes ……………. things.

2. Grandpa said “We make the patterns with three ……………. of cotton and put
them together.”

3. Zeinb and her friends like ……………….. new things.

4. Khayameya School is travelling all the …………………..

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Patriarchal College Virtue and Science

Grade 4 Dialogue 1

Complete the missing parts in the following dialogue between Paul and
immigration officer at passport control:

Immigration officer: Good morning, Sir. Where have you come from?

Paul : Toronto, Canada.

Immigration officer: May I have your passport, please?

Paul : Here you are.

Immigration officer: What is the nature of your visit? Business or pleasure?

Paul : (1) ----------------------------------------------------------------------

Immigration officer: (2) ------------------------------------------------------?

Paul : 3 weeks.

Immigration officer: What is your occupation?

Paul : (3) ----------------------------------------------------------------------

Immigration officer: Do you have a return ticket?

Paul : (4) ----------------------------------------------------------------------

Immigration officer: That‟s fine. Enjoy your trip.

Paul: Thank you have a nice day.

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Patriarchal College Virtue and Science

Grade 4 Dialogue 2

Complete the missing parts in the following dialogue between a saleswoman

and Lilly who wants to buy a dress for a party:

Saleswoman: Good morning. Can I help you?

Lilly : Good morning. Yes, please. I‟m looking for an elegant dress for a
party.
Saleswoman: (1) ---------------------------------------------------------?
Lilly : I don‟t know. What colours have you got?

Saleswoman: We have got all colours. What do you think of blue? I think it
matches your eyes and your blond hair!

Lilly : Have you got it medium size?

Saleswoman: (2) -------------------------------------------------------------.

Lilly : Can I try it on?

Saleswoman: (3) ------------------------------------------------------------.

Lilly : (4) ---------------------------------------------------------------------?

Saleswoman: It‟s 300 pounds.

Lilly : I‟ll take it. Can I pay by card or in cash only.

Saleswoman: (5) --------------------------------------------------------------.

Lilly : Here is my card.

Saleswoman: Okay. Thanks for shopping here.
Lilly : Thank you, good bye.

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Patriarchal College Virtue and Science

Grade 4 Dialogue 3

Complete the missing parts in the following dialogue between Holy and Amy:

Holy: Hello!

Amy: Could I speak to Ana? I am her friend Holy.

Holy: She isn‟t at home. She has gone to attend a relative marriage.

Amy: (1) ---------------------------------------------------------------------?

Holy: Within an hour or so.

Amy: Could you please tell her on her return that I am coming to see her at 4 p.m.?

Holy: (2) ----------------------------------------------------. But are you coming for

some specific purpose?

Amy: (3) ----------------------------------------------------------------------.

Holy: Okay I see.

Amy: Thank you!

Holy: You are most welcome, bye.

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Patriarchal College Virtue and Science

Grade 4 Dialogue 4

Complete the missing parts in the following dialogue between the manager
and Sam who is late today:

Sam : I‟m sorry I‟m late today, my car broke down this morning.

Manager: Don‟t worry, it‟s alright. May be next time you could call through and
let me know you are running late, so we don‟t wait for you.

Sam : (1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Manager: It‟s too late now, just remember the next time.

Sam : I will. (2) ----------------------------------------------------------------?

Manager : Yes, we started about 30 minutes ago, but I can go over what you have
missed again.

Sam : (3) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Manager: I‟ve been late before too because I missed the bus. It happens.

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Patriarchal College Virtue and Science

Grade 4 Comprehension 1

Read the following comprehension and then answer the questions:

Do you like to eat chocolate? Chocolate is one of the world's most popular foods.
Nowadays, people from all over the world eat chocolate. People spend over ten
billion dollars on it every year. In the US, people eat over 1.4 billion pounds of
chocolate every year. That's a lot of chocolate! Chocolate comes from the seeds of
cacao trees. Cacao trees first grew in South America. Today you can find them all
over the world. Thousands of years ago, people in Mexico loved chocolate so
much that, at times, they used it as money or for trade. They even had a god of
chocolate named Ek-Chuah. Every year, they killed dogs and sang special songs to
make Ek-Ckuah happy.

Did you know that long ago, people liked to drink chocolate? They didn't eat it. In
1847, a man in England named Joseph Fry made the first chocolate bar. After that,
people started to eat chocolate instead of just drinking it. Almost half of the world's
cacao trees are found in West Africa. In fact seventy percent of the world's cacao
bean supply is from here. Furthermore, factories in Holland and the US cook and
package most of the world's chocolate. It is really an international food!

Choose the best answers.

1) According to the passage, chocolate is one of the world's most ....

a) popular b) health c) sweet d) expensive

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2) Thousands of years ago, people in Mexico sang songs to ....

a) give candy to the gods

b) protect young cacao trees

c) keep them away from chocolate

d) make the god of chocolate happy

3) Which of the following is NOT true about chocolate?

a) People in the United States eat over a billion pounds of chocolate every year.

b) People ate chocolate bars in Mexico thousands of years ago.

c) People make chocolate from the seeds of cacao trees.

d) Long ago, people liked to drink chocolate instead of eat it.

4) According to the passage, what can you guess about West Africa?

a) People there had a god of chocolate.

b) Most of the world's chocolate gets made and packaged there.

c) A large percentage of the world's cacao beans come from there.

d) Most people like to drink chocolate there instead of eat it.

Answer the following questions

1. Why is chocolate an international food?

……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Why is Joseph Fry famous?
………………………………………………………………………………………

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Patriarchal College Virtue and Science

Grade 4 Comprehension 2

Read the following comprehension and then answer the questions:

There are many different kinds of sharks. One of the largest sharks in the world is
the great white shark. These sharks can grow to be more than six meters long. That
is even larger than a car. They also have more than three thousand very sharp teeth.
They can find food by smelling it from very far away. These scary and amazing
sharks also swim much faster than you or I can run.

However, people exaggerate the danger of great white sharks. The truth is that
sharks are usually very afraid people. If they attack, it is because they are scared or
curious. Usually, great white sharks want to stay far away from us. Actually, few
people die from shark bites. Still, every year, a small number of people are hurt in
accidents with sharks.

In fact, great white sharks really need our help. Every year, around the world, there
are fewer of them that survive. Fishermen sometimes take a lot of fish from the
ocean. And then these sharks have nothing left to eat. If we are not careful, one day
there could be no great white sharks left. That is very sad!

Choose the best answers.

1) According to the passage, great white sharks can be………………….
than a car.
a) heavier
b) larger
c) weaker
d) slower

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2) If a great white shark attacks a human, it is often because………….
a) it is hungry
b) it has been hurt
c) it is scared
d) it is confused
3) Which of the following is NOT true about great white sharks?
a) They are not the only kind of shark.
b) There are fewer of them left alive every year.
d) They have only a few sharp teeth.
c) They can be very large.
4) What is probably true about great white sharks?
a) People are not afraid of them.
b) They are kept in zoos.
c) They do not like other sharks.
d) They like to eat fish.

B) Answer the following questions.

1) Are the white sharks dangerous? Why?

……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….

2) Why are there fewer white sharks today than there were in the past?

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………….

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Patriarchal College Virtue and Science

Grade 4 Comprehension 3

Read the following comprehension and then answer the questions:

Trina feels very sad today. The problem started when her mother promised to
take her to the candy store. After school Trina jumped into the car. She wanted to
buy a chocolate bar, her favorite candy. But Trina's mother had a sad surprise for
her. "We aren't going to the candy store," she said. "We're really going to the
dentist's office!" "How could you do this to me?" said Trina. "Sorry," said Trina's
mother. "But I didn't want to fight with you again."

At the dentist's office, Trina heard a little boy screaming. "Stop! Please stop!" he
cried behind the door. Trina was scared and wanted to go home. But it was too late.
Soon it was Trina's turn to see the dentist. "I apologize for my last patient," said the
dentist. "I was only cleaning his teeth!"

Trina started to feel better. She knew that she was not a cry-baby like the last
patient. She went into the office and opened her mouth. Then the dentist told her
that she had two cavities. She needed to make an appointment to see him again
next week. Until then, she could not eat candy. Suddenly Trina did not feel so well.
She should have taken better care of her teeth.

A) Choose the best answers.

1) Trina thinks that she is going to the……….. but her mother has other ideas.

a) office b) school c) candy store d) dentist

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2) Trina thinks that the dentist's last patient

a) cried too easily

b) never went to the dentist before

c) should not visit the dentist

d) has many cavities

3) Which of the following is NOT true about the dentist?

a) He tells Trina that she needs to see him next week.

b) He is sorry that his last patient screamed.

c) He finds two cavities in Trina's mouth.

d) He tells Trina that he needs to clean her teeth.

4) What is probably true about Trina?

a) She always brushes her teeth.

b) She cries easily.

c) She sometimes fights with her mother.

d) She has never been to a candy store before.

B) Answer the following questions.

1) What was the sad surprise for Trina?

………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….

2) Why couldn't Trina eat candy?

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Patriarchal College Virtue and Science

Grade 4 Comprehension 4

Read the following comprehension and then answer the questions:

Anatoli went on a trip to England with his mother and little brother. One day,
his mother decided to take him and his brother to see a castle. Anatoli‟s brother,
Eugene was thrilled. Eugene loved reading books about knights and castles.
Eugene loved stories about King Arthur, who may have lived in England hundreds
of years ago. Anatoli, however, was not thrilled. Anatoli had just bought a new
video game and wanted to play it.

Eugene and Anatoli's mother rented a car to take them to the castle. She got lost in
the countryside. By the time they arrived, it was very late in the afternoon.
Anatoli's mother said she needed to relax for a little bit before climbing up the hill
to the ruins.

Eugene was upset. He wanted to see the castle ruins. "Anatoli," said their mother,
"can you please take Eugene to see the castle?" Anatoli thought that the day was
turning out badly. However, after the brothers made it to the top of the hill. Anatoli
could see the ruins and everything for miles around. This is great!" said Eugene.
Anatoli had to agree.

A) Choose the best answers.

1) Eugene enjoys reading books about

a) traveling b) cars c) games d) knights

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2) At the end of the story, Anatoli realizes that

a) he is happy he went to see the ruins.

b) it is too dark to get back to the car.

c) his brother is still very angry.

d) their mother is following them.

3) Which of the following is NOT true about the castle?

a) It hasn't changed since it was built.

b) It is located at the top of a hill.

c) It is in the English countryside.

d) It has a great view for miles around.

4) What can you guess about Anatoli's mother?

a) She does not like reading books about castles.

b) She was tired from her trip to the castle.

c) She does not like having to ask Anatoli for help.

d) She would rather have visited someplace else.

B) Answer the following questions.

1) Why was Eugene excited?

………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….

2) How was the day turning out well?

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