MTH501_Linear Algebra

Assignment # 1
VUID: BC210404931
Question 1

[ ]
1 −3 6 2
A= 0 2 −2 3
0 0 0 4

Does T maps R4 onto R3. Is T a one-one mapping?

Solution
Since A is already in echelon form, we can clearly see that it has a pivot position in each row.
This means that for any vector 𝑏 in R3, the equation Ax=b is always consistent. Therefore, the
linear transformation T maps R4 (its domain) onto R3.
However, because there are four variables but only three pivots, there is at least one free
variable. As a result, each b is the image of more than one x. Hence, T is not one-to-one.

Question 2
Find the entries of second row of AB where

[ ] [ ]
1 2 3
2 7
4 5 6
A= ; B= 3 9
7 8 9
5 11
10 11 12

Solution
First, we need to calculate the product of AB

[ ][ ]
1 2 3
2 7
4 5 6
AB= 3 9
7 8 9
5 11
10 11 12

[ ]
2+ 6+15 7+18+33
8+15+30 28+45+ 66
¿
14 +24+35 49+72+ 99
20+33+60 70+99+ 132
 [ ]
23 58
53 139
¿
83 220
113 301

So, the second row of AB matrix is [ 53 139 ].

Question 3
Find the multiplicative inverse of the matrix by using row operations

[ ]
1 0 2
1 2 2
0 0 2

Solution
Let

[ ] [ ]
1 0 2 1 0 0
A= 1 2 2 and I = 0 1 0
0 0 2 0 0 1

Augmenting with the identity matrix

[ | ]
1 0 21 0 0
A|I= 1 2 2 0 1 0
0 0 20 0 1

Apply row operation, R2-R1

[ | ]
1 0 2 1 0 0
= 0 2 0 −1 1 0
0 0 2 0 0 1

1
Now, R2
2

[ | ]
1 0 0
1 0 2
−1 1
=0 1 0 0
2 2
0 0 2
0 0 1

1
Next, R3
2
 [ | ]
1 0 0
1 0 2 −1 1
0
=0 1 0 2 2
0 0 1 1
0 0
2

R1-2R3

[ | ]
1 0 −1
1 0 1 −1 1
0
=0 1 0 2 2
0 0 1 1
0 0
2

[ ]
1 0 −1
−1 1
0
A-1 = 2 2
1
0 0
2

Question 4
Consider

[ ]
2 0 0 0 0 2
0 2 0 0 0 2
A= 0 0 2 0 0 2
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 1

Find A2 by using partitioning of matrix technique.

Solution
We partition a matrix A into blocks

A= [ A11
A 21
A12
A22 ]
A2 = A*A

¿
[ A 11 A 12
A 21 A 22
A
][
× 11
A21
A 12
A 22 ]
A2=[ A11 A11 + A 12 A21 A 11 A 12 + A 12 A 22
A 21 A11 + A 22 A 21 A 21 A12 + A 22 A 22 ]
Now, we compute each block:

[ ][ ]
2 0 0 2 0 0
A11 A11 = 0 2 0 0 2 0
0 0 2 0 0 2

[ ]
4+0+ 0 0+0+ 0 0+0+ 0
¿ 0+0+0 0+4 +0 0+0+ 0
0+0+0 0+0+ 0 0+0+ 4

[ ]
4 0 0
¿ 0 4 0
0 0 4

[ ][ ]
0 0 2 0 0 0
A12 A 21= 0 0 2 0 0 0
0 0 2 1 1 1

[ ]
0+ 0+2 0+0+2 0+0+2
¿ 0+ 0+2 0+0+2 0+0+2
0+ 0+2 0+0+2 0+0+2

[ ]
2 2 2
¿ 2 2 2
2 2 2

[ ][ ]
2 0 0 0 0 2
A11 A12= 0 2 0 0 0 2
0 0 2 0 0 2

[ ]
0+ 0+0 0+0+ 0 4+0+ 0
¿ 0+ 0+0 0+0+ 0 0+ 4+ 0
0+ 0+0 0+0+ 0 0+ 0+4

[ ]
0 0 4
¿ 0 0 4
0 0 4

[ ][ ]
0 0 2 1 0 0
A12 A 22= 0 0 2 0 1 0
0 0 2 0 0 1
 [ ]
0+ 0+0 0+0+ 0 0+ 0+2
¿ 0+ 0+0 0+0+ 0 0+ 0+2
0+ 0+0 0+0+ 0 0+ 0+2

[ ]
0 0 2
¿ 0 0 2
0 0 2

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 2 0 0
A21 A 11= 0 0 0 0 2 0
1 1 1 0 0 2

[ ]
0+ 0+0 0+0+ 0 0+ 0+0
¿ 0+ 0+0 0+0+ 0 0+ 0+0
2+ 0+0 0+2+0 0+ 0+2

[ ]
0 0 0
¿ 0 0 0
2 2 2

[ ][ ]
1 0 0 0 0 0
A22 A 21= 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 1

[ ]
0+ 0+0 0+0+ 0 0+ 0+0
¿ 0+ 0+0 0+0+ 0 0+ 0+0
0+0+1 0+0+ 1 0+0+1

[ ]
0 0 0
¿ 0 0 0
1 1 1

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 2
A21 A 12= 0 0 0 0 0 2
1 1 1 0 0 2

[ ]
0+ 0+0 0+0+ 0 0+ 0+0
¿ 0+ 0+0 0+0+ 0 0+ 0+0
0+ 0+0 0+0+ 0 2+ 2+2

[ ]
0 0 0
¿ 0 0 0
0 0 6
 [ ][ ]
1 0 0 1 0 0
A22 A 22= 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 1

[ ]
1+ 0+0 0+0+ 0 0+ 0+0
¿ 0+ 0+0 0+1+0 0+ 0+0
0+ 0+0 0+0+ 0 0+0+1

[ ]
1 0 0
¿ 0 1 0
0 0 1

Now, we can combine these blocks:

[ ][ ]
4 0 0 2 2 2
A11 A11 + A 12 A21= 0 4 0 +2 2 2
0 0 4 2 2 2

[ ]
6 2 2
¿ 2 6 2
2 2 6

[ ][ ]
0 0 4 0 0 2
A11 A12 + A12 A 22= 0 0 4 + 0 0 2
0 0 4 0 0 2

[ ]
0 0 6
¿ 0 0 6
0 0 6

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0
A21 A 11 + A22 A 21= 0 0 0 + 0 0 0
2 2 2 1 1 1

[ ]
0 0 0
¿ 0 0 0
3 3 3

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 1 0 0
A21 A 12+ A 22 A22= 0 0 0 + 0 1 0
0 0 6 0 0 1

[ ]
1 0 0
¿ 0 1 0
0 0 7
Adding the block together, we get:

[ [ ][ ]
]
6 2 2 0 0 6
2 6 2 0 0 6
2 2 6 0 0 6
=

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
3 3 3 0 0 7

Thus, the matrix A2 is

[ ]
6 2 2 0 0 6
2 6 2 0 0 6
2 2 6 0 0 6
A2 =
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
3 3 3 0 0 7