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Again, it doesn't mean that you should be dressed like for wedding party. It's not OK as well. Never
take shoes, even if they are very fashionable, but they pinch you. Never, because in a couple of
seconds you will think only about shoes, even standing behind the podium. Pertyna doesn't think
that in that situation your speech can be successful.
And speaking about posture, how you should stand. Sometimes people start speaking even on their
way to the podium and some of them are super energetic and they are like supercharged and they
moving quickly from one side of the scene to another one in quick tempo. But we have an opposite
situation when people are like glued to the podium with lifeless face or mask like face and just are
reading their presentation. Petryna understands that these examples are like opposite one and we
should avoid such behavior and just try to be natural. Don't be an another person than you are in
everyday life. Just just try to be yourself. If you present yourself during the speech as an ordinary
person, as you are in the ordinary life, then you feel confident. That's it. Don't try to be better. Don't
try to copy someone to behave like someone because it won't look natural in your case. You should
just show be natural and show enthusiasm.
Gestures and facial expressions.
Facial expressions and gestures are very important and you can practice. Of course, sometimes they
are unpredictable. And in order to avoid unpredictable gestures, it's very helpful to make a video of
yourself and just have a look how you look, how you make a speech and try to avoid to correct your
gestures and facial expressions. Sometimes there are facial expressions that are typical for those
people but they for some people but they don't look pleasant from the scene. Person sometimes
doesn't even notice when he or she does such things. And when you make a video like to look at
your side from another angle, you'll have an opportunity to correct your gesturing process, your
facial facial expressions and so on.
Speaking about gestures, you should try those to avoid such things as fingering your eye or your
earrings or your necklace, or play with the pencil or play with the hair. So try to avoid these because
it distracts your attention and just you by doing such things you demonstrate public that you are
nervous. Petryna understands that it is difficult to recognize, to notice when you are doing such
things with your hair, you're touching your earrings or something like that, but you have never seen
a professional speaker does something like that.
Eye contact.
Many speakers think that it is unnecessary to establish eye contact. But try to imagine yourself that
you are talking to a person who is not looking at you. What do you think? What are your settings?
Do you feel comfortable? Less motivated and even more you think it is difficult to trust that person.
You see that when a person doesn't want to look directly into your eyes, it means that this person
like is not honest or sincere. And that's why it's difficult to trust such kind of person. So that's why
you shouldn't neglect this aspect and try to establish eye contact. Of course it is difficult to establish
eye contact with every person in the room, especially when they are looking in their phones. Still,
there are some techniques which are helpful to cover with your attention of the whole classroom.
For example, the first one you can communicate before your presentation with a couple of people.
And then try to find them among your listeners and move your eyesight slowly from one person to
another and in such way you will cover the whole classroom and all listeners. Another trick is to
divide your listeners into quadrants, into sections, kind of quadrants and then move slowly from one
section to another. But don't forget to move your eyesight from one section to another. Because
sometimes people speakers forget and they are focused on one, on the central part of the section.
And it is difficult because all the rest of the public, they think that they are neglected and their
attention is useless and they feel rather uncomfortable.
And why eye contact is very important? Because it is helpful to you as a speaker. And while
observing your audience, you can understand by their facial expressions or by their gestures,
nodding, whether they understand you or not, whether you need to repeat this information or not,
whether you should provide some more examples or clarify the information so they will be like a
prompt for you. They will be helpful in that aspect as well.
Now let's go to speak about effective speaking voice.
Here Petryna will start to speak in a metaphorical way that she considers the speaking voice in
public speaking as a rush in painting. With help of rush, an artist conveys the paints to the canvas.
And with the help of voice, your canvas, you transmit your ideas to the to your listeners. The best
speaking voice is one that sounds conversational, natural and enthusiastic. So, and now we shall
deal with volume, emphasis, rate and pausing. Let's speak about volume. Volume means гучність.
So at the same time, volume is loudness and softness of the voice and it's up to you to decide what
volume of your voice to use. You should choose that volume which will be appropriate to a certain
listeners and to the second classroom and you should choose this kind of volume that your voice
can be easily heard at every destination of the room. But it is understandable that you shouldn't
speak too quiet because some parts of listeners won't be able to hear you. But at the same time don't
be too loud because when you speak too loud, to small to few people then you can look aggressive
and you can look angry and your listeners can feel pressure from your side, and it's very important
to find this margin, this margin from not to be too quiet and not to be too loud.
Petryna is talking about volume, because some of the people think that the more louder they speak,
the more confident they look. It's not so. They look more aggressive.
The emphasis
First, you must be loud enough to be heard easily. You also need to write a volume to make that
presentation interesting. That the authority should increase the end, decrease volume to emphasize
words and phrases. And now we move to emphasis. When we use emphasis, we add some more
volume to our voice when we want to emphasize something to when we don't want to draw
someone's attention to something. When we want something to be mannerable and to a show how it
works, she would like to demonstrate it on with example.
Why did you fight him right?
But every time we read, we will shift the emphasis from another word.
Why - we are interested in reasons. What he had done that you fire him.
did - the action. How you dare fight him? He was so brilliant worker.
you - It wasn't your responsibility to fire him.
fire - He was brilliant worker, right? You you should pay him some extra money. And you fired
him.
him - Not anyone else, but him.
We have the same sentence, but different emphasis. And with every emphasis, the meaning of the
sense of the sentence changes. With this emphasis, we just highlight the information we would like
to know.
We have already covered different times when we need to use pauses, first of all, at the beginning
when before starting the speech, then before introducing your new slide. We should give a couple of
seconds, give listeners an opportunity to get printed for the information. And she would say that
posing can be used in one more moment. We also can use pause for emphasis, we cannot use only
our voice to emphasize something, but we can take a pause and then say something important. So
there are two reasons for making pauses:
 emphasis to show the importance of an idea
 opportunity to absorb information and ideas.
The right word may be effective, but no word was ever as effective as a rightly timed pause. Make
sure you have finished speaking before your audience has finished listening.