Math – 2 : Lecture 03

Dr. Amany Mostafa ( Lec-02 )

By: Mahmoud Osama

2/25/2023
 Higher Derivatives

𝝏 𝝏𝒇 𝝏𝟐 𝒇
(𝒇𝒙 )𝒙 = 𝒇𝒙𝒙 = ( ) = 𝝏𝒙𝟐
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙
𝝏 𝝏𝒇 𝝏𝟐 𝒇
(𝒇𝒙 )𝒚 = 𝒇𝒙𝒚 = ( ) = 𝝏𝒚∗𝝏𝒙
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙

𝝏 𝝏𝒇 𝝏𝟐 𝒇
(𝒇𝒚 ) = 𝒇𝒚𝒙 = ( ) = 𝝏𝒙∗𝝏𝒚
𝒙 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚

𝝏 𝝏𝒇 𝝏𝟐 𝒇
(𝒇𝒚 ) = 𝒇𝒚𝒚 = ( ) = 𝝏𝒚𝟐
𝒚 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚

𝝏 𝝏 𝝏𝒇
((𝒇𝒙 )𝒚 ) = 𝒇𝒙𝒚𝒚 = ( ( ))
𝒚 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙

Example 1:
Find the second partial derivative of 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟑 − 𝟐𝒚𝟐

➔ 𝒇𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟑 , 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚

𝒇𝒙𝒙 = 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚𝟑
𝒇𝒙𝒚 = 𝟔𝒙𝒚𝟐
𝒇𝒚𝒙 = 𝟔𝒙𝒚𝟐
𝒇𝒚𝒚 = 𝟔𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝟒
Since 𝒇𝒙𝒚 = 𝒇𝒚𝒙 , then: the Function is continuous. #solved
1
Example 2:
Find 𝒇𝒙𝒙𝒚𝒛 of 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚𝒛)

➔ 𝒇𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚𝒛) ∗ 𝟑 = 𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚𝒛)

𝒇𝒙𝒙 = −𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚𝒛) ∗ 𝟑 = − 𝟗 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚𝒛)
𝒇𝒙𝒙𝒚 = −𝟗 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚𝒛) ∗ 𝒛 = −𝟗𝒛 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚𝒛)
𝒇𝒙𝒙𝒚𝒛 = −𝟗 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚𝒛) + 𝟗𝒚𝒛 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚𝒛) #solved

Partial differential equation

𝛛𝟐 𝐮 𝛛𝟐 𝐮
+ =𝟎 Laplace’s equation
𝛛𝐱 𝟐 𝛛𝐲 𝟐

𝛛𝟐 𝐮 𝛛 𝐮 𝟐
= 𝒂𝟐 𝟐 Wave equation
𝛛𝐭 𝟐 𝛛𝐱

Example 3:
Show that function 𝒖(𝒙, 𝒚) = ⅇ𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒚 is solution of Laplace’s
equation.

➔ 𝒖𝒙 = ⅇ𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒚 , 𝒖𝒚 = ⅇ𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒚
𝒖𝒙𝒙 = ⅇ𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒚 , 𝒖𝒚𝒚 = −ⅇ𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒚

2
𝛛𝟐 𝐮 𝛛𝟐 𝐮
+ = 𝒖𝒙𝒙 + 𝒖𝒚𝒚 = ⅇ𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒚 + (−ⅇ𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒚) = 𝟎 #solved
𝛛𝐱 𝟐 𝛛𝐲 𝟐

Example 4:
Show that function 𝒖(𝒙, 𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 − 𝒂𝒕) is solution of Wave
equation.

➔ 𝒖𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙 − 𝒂𝒕) , 𝒖𝒕 = −𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙 − 𝒂𝒕)

𝒖𝒙𝒙 = − 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 − 𝒂𝒕) , 𝒖𝒕𝒕 = −𝒂𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 − 𝒂𝒕)
𝛛𝟐 𝐮 𝛛𝟐 𝐮
= 𝒂𝟐 ➔ 𝒖𝒕𝒕 = 𝒂𝟐 𝒖𝒙𝒙 ➔ −𝒂𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 − 𝒂𝒕) = 𝒂𝟐 ∗ − 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 − 𝒂𝒕)
𝛛𝐭 𝟐 𝛛𝐱 𝟐

#solved

Chain Rules
Case I:
𝒛 = 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) , 𝒙 = 𝒈(𝒕) , 𝒚 = 𝒉(𝒕)
ⅆ𝒛 𝝏𝒛 ⅆ𝒙 𝝏𝒛 ⅆ𝒚 𝒛
= ∗ + ∗
ⅆ𝒕 𝝏𝒙 ⅆ𝒕 𝝏𝒚 ⅆ𝒕

𝒙 𝒚

𝒕 𝒕
3
Example 5:
𝒛 = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 + 𝟑𝒙𝒚𝟒 , 𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 , 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕
ⅆ𝒛
Find when t = 0
ⅆ𝒕

𝝏𝒛 ⅆ𝒙
➔ = 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝟑𝒚𝟒 , = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒕
𝝏𝒙 ⅆ𝒕
𝝏𝒛 ⅆ𝒚
= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟑 , = − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕
𝝏𝒚 ⅆ𝒕
ⅆ𝒛 𝝏𝒛 ⅆ𝒙 𝝏𝒛 ⅆ𝒚
➔ = ∗ + ∗
ⅆ𝒕 𝝏𝒙 ⅆ𝒕 𝝏𝒚 ⅆ𝒕

= (𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝟑𝒚𝟒 ) ∗ (𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒕) + (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟑 ) ∗ (− 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕)

At t = 0 ➔ 𝟐 ∗ (𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝟑𝒚𝟒 ) + 𝟎 = 𝟒𝒙𝒚 + 𝟔𝒚𝟒
𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 , 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 , then: 𝒙 = 𝟎 , 𝒚 = 𝟏
Then: 𝟒𝒙𝒚 + 𝟔𝒚𝟒 = 𝟒 ∗ 𝟎 ∗ 𝟏 + 𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟔 #solved

4
Case II:
𝒛 = 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) , 𝒙 = 𝒈(𝒔, 𝒕) , 𝒚 = 𝒉(𝒔, 𝒕)
𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒚
= ∗ + ∗ , = ∗ + ∗ 𝒛
𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒕

𝒙 𝒚

Example 6:
𝒔 𝒕
𝒔 𝒕
𝒛 = ⅇ𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒚 , 𝒙 = 𝒔𝒕𝟐 , 𝒚 = 𝒔𝟐 𝒕
𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒛
Find ,
𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒕

𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒚
➔ = ⅇ𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒚 , = 𝒕𝟐 , = ⅇ𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒚 , = 𝟐𝒔𝒕
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒔
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚
= 𝟐𝒔𝒕 , = 𝒔𝟐
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒕
𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒚
= ∗ + ∗ = (ⅇ𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒚 ) ∗ (𝒕𝟐 ) + (ⅇ𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒚) ∗ (𝟐𝒔𝒕)
𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒔

𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒚
= ∗ + ∗ = (ⅇ𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒚 ) ∗ (𝟐𝒔𝒕) + (ⅇ𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒚) ∗ (𝒔𝟐 )
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒕

#solved

5
Case III:
𝒖 = 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) , 𝒙 = 𝒈(𝒓, 𝒔, 𝒕) , 𝒚 = 𝒉(𝒓, 𝒔, 𝒕) , 𝒚 = 𝒘(𝒓, 𝒔, 𝒕)
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒚
= ∗ + ∗ + ∗
𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒓
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒚 𝒖
= ∗ + ∗ + ∗
𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒔
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒚
= ∗ + ∗ + ∗ 𝒛
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒕 𝒙
𝒓 𝒕
𝒓 𝒕
𝒚 𝒔
𝒔
𝒓 𝒕
Example 7: 𝒔
𝒖 = 𝒙𝟒 𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟑 , 𝒛 = 𝒔𝒓𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 , 𝒙 = 𝒓𝒔ⅇ𝒕 , 𝒚 = 𝒓𝒔𝟐 ⅇ−𝒕
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖
Find , , , when 𝒓 = 𝟐 , 𝒔 = 𝟏 , 𝒕 = 𝟎
𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒕

𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒙
➔ = 𝟑𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐 , = 𝟐𝒔𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 , = 𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝒚 , = 𝒔ⅇ𝒕
𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒓
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒚
= 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒚𝒛𝟑 , = 𝒔𝟐 ⅇ−𝒕
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒓
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒚
= ∗ + ∗ + ∗
𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒓

= (𝟑𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐 ) ∗ (𝟐𝒔𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕) + (𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝒚 ) ∗ (𝒔ⅇ𝒕 ) +

(𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒚𝒛𝟑 ) ∗ (𝒔𝟐 ⅇ−𝒕 )
6
At 𝒓 = 𝟐 , 𝒔 = 𝟏 , 𝒕 = 𝟎
➔ 𝟎 + (𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝒚 ) ∗ (𝟏 ∗ 𝟏) + (𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒚𝒛𝟑 ) ∗ (𝟏𝟐 ⅇ−𝟎 )
= (𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝒚 ) + (𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒚𝒛𝟑 )

𝒛 = 𝒔𝒓𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 , At 𝒓 = 𝟐 , 𝒔 = 𝟏 , 𝒕 = 𝟎
Then: 𝒛 = 𝟎
𝒙 = 𝒓𝒔ⅇ𝒕 , At 𝒓 = 𝟐 , 𝒔 = 𝟏 , 𝒕 = 𝟎
Then: 𝒙 = 𝟐 ∗ 𝟏 ∗ ⅇ𝟎 = 𝟐
𝒚 = 𝒓𝒔𝟐 ⅇ−𝒕 , At 𝒓 = 𝟐 , 𝒔 = 𝟏 , 𝒕 = 𝟎
Then: 𝒚 = 𝟐 ∗ 𝟏 ∗ 𝟏 = 𝟐
By Substitution in the equation:
(𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝒚 ) + (𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒚𝒛𝟑 ) = (𝟒 ∗ 𝟐𝟑 ∗ 𝟐) + (𝟐𝟒 + 𝟐 ∗ 𝟐 ∗ 𝟎𝟑 )
= 𝟔𝟒 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟖𝟎

𝒖 = 𝒙𝟒 𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟑 , 𝒛 = 𝒔𝒓𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 , 𝒙 = 𝒓𝒔ⅇ𝒕 , 𝒚 = 𝒓𝒔𝟐 ⅇ−𝒕

𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒙
➔ = 𝟑𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐 , = 𝒓𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 , = 𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝒚 , = 𝒓ⅇ𝒕
𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒔
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒚
= 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒚𝒛𝟑 , = 𝟐𝒓𝒔ⅇ−𝒕
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒔

7
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒚
= ∗ + ∗ + ∗
𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒔

= (𝟑𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐 ) ∗ (𝒓𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 ) + (𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝒚 ) ∗ (𝒓ⅇ𝒕 ) +

(𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒚𝒛𝟑 ) ∗ (𝟐𝒓𝒔ⅇ−𝒕 )
At 𝒓 = 𝟐 , 𝒔 = 𝟏 , 𝒕 = 𝟎
➔ 𝟎 + (𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝒚 ) ∗ (𝟐 ∗ ⅇ𝟎 ) + (𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒚𝒛𝟑 ) ∗ (𝟐 ∗ 𝟐 ∗ 𝟏 ∗ ⅇ−𝟎 )
= 𝟖𝒙𝟑 𝒚 + 𝟒𝒙𝟒 + 𝟖𝒚𝒛𝟑
At 𝒓 = 𝟐 , 𝒔 = 𝟏 , 𝒕 = 𝟎
➔𝒛=𝟎 , 𝒙=𝟐 , 𝒚=𝟐
Then: 𝟖 ∗ 𝟐𝟑 ∗ 𝟐 + 𝟒 ∗ 𝟐𝟒 + 𝟖 ∗ 𝟐 ∗ 𝟎𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐𝟖 + 𝟔𝟒 + 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟗𝟐

𝒖 = 𝒙𝟒 𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟑 , 𝒛 = 𝒔𝒓𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 , 𝒙 = 𝒓𝒔ⅇ𝒕 , 𝒚 = 𝒓𝒔𝟐 ⅇ−𝒕

𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒙
➔ = 𝟑𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐 , = 𝒔𝒓𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 , = 𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝒚 , = 𝒓𝒔ⅇ𝒕
𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒕
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒚
= 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒚𝒛𝟑 , = −𝒓𝒔𝟐 ⅇ−𝒕
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒕
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒚
= ∗ + ∗ + ∗
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒕

= (𝟑𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐 ) ∗ (𝒔𝒓𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕) + (𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝒚) ∗ (𝒓𝒔ⅇ𝒕 ) +

(𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒚𝒛𝟑 ) ∗ (−𝒓𝒔𝟐 ⅇ−𝒕 )

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At 𝒓 = 𝟐 , 𝒔 = 𝟏 , 𝒕 = 𝟎
(𝟑𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐 ) ∗ (𝟏 ∗ 𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟎) + (𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝒚) ∗ (𝟐 ∗ 𝟏 ∗ ⅇ𝟎 ) +
(𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒚𝒛𝟑 ) ∗ (−𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟐 ∗ ⅇ−𝟎 )
= 𝟏𝟐𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙𝟑 𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙𝟒 − 𝟒𝒚𝒛𝟑

At 𝒓 = 𝟐 , 𝒔 = 𝟏 , 𝒕 = 𝟎
➔𝒛=𝟎 , 𝒙=𝟐 , 𝒚=𝟐
𝟏𝟐 ∗ 𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟎𝟐 + 𝟖 ∗ 𝟐𝟑 ∗ 𝟐 − 𝟐 ∗ 𝟐𝟒 − 𝟒 ∗ 𝟐 ∗ 𝟎𝟑

= 𝟎 + 𝟏𝟐𝟖 − 𝟑𝟐 + 𝟎 = 𝟗𝟔 #solved

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 Implicit differential

𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝟎 , 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙)
➔ 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒇(𝒙)) = 𝟎
𝝏𝒇
ⅆ𝒚 𝒇𝒙
𝒚′ = =− 𝝏𝒙
𝝏𝒇 =−
ⅆ𝒙 𝒇𝒚
𝝏𝒚

Example 8:
Find 𝒚′ of , 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒚𝟑 = 𝟔𝒙𝒚

𝒙𝟑 + 𝒚𝟑 − 𝟔𝒙𝒚 = 𝟎
➔ 𝒇𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒚 , 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙
′ 𝒇𝒙 𝟑𝒙𝟐 −𝟔𝒚
𝒚 =− =− #solved
𝒇𝒚 𝟑𝒚𝟐 −𝟔𝒙

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