Updated 30/07/20199

POWER ELECTRONICS LAB

S.S,7 SWTCHING TIME AND CONDUCTION VOLTAG"

Procedure
circuit board
to the p o w e r uppiy.supply. Do
. Connect the POWER INPUT terminals of the
not turn on the power supply at this time.
LOAD (Z
sQUARE WAVE 12-102-|
R1
O GENERATOR O DRIVER (DR)
512
R1 C1
1002 0.0063uF
+15 V?
Wc R4 CH1
12
o.0068F 15V

CH2
R2 R3
5102 152
7502

-15
Figure 3.23

2. Set up the circuit shown in the figure 3.23.

. urn on the power supply. Adjust the generator for a +10/-10V amplitude, 20kHz
square wave.
4. Observe the current Ic (measured from the voltage drop across R4) on channel l and

the voltage VcE on channel 2.

5. Using the DC function of VOM, measure the voltage VCE. Observe the signals when
the transistor turns on. Does the transistor current increase during the voltage VcE
decreases from 15 to 0 Volts?
6. Observe the signal on channel 1 (R4) while the transistor conducts.
7. When the transistor how
turns on, long does it take for the current Ic to rise to the
maximum amplitude while the transistor conducts? (adjust TIME BASE knob on
oscilloscope): 4,=_ nsec
8. Stop supplying signal to base terminal (remove the connector at A
9. When the transistor is off, can you say that the
terminal).
switching is instantaneous, mean that
the current fall time tr= 0 sec?
10. When the transistor turns ofi, how long does it take
for the current Ic
maximum to minimum
to decrease from
amplitude? tr=
11. nsec
Supply signal to base terminal. Connect probe to the connector
the emitter. Measure the on-state and the ground lead to
voltage of the transistor:
VCE (ON)= _V
POWER ELECTRONICS LAR

saUARE WAVE Updated 30/07/2019

O GENERATOR Ol LOAD (Z)
DRIVER (DR)
R1
R1 C
C1
1000 0.00681F +15 V 1 512 L-19-1098 B
R4
1a
M- 0.0068F-
R2 AA 15V
7502 1+ R2 R3 CH2
5102 152
c CH1-

Figure 3.24
12 Can you say that the transistor
responds (taoN < 300 nsec) to the turn-on conuo
signal rapidly?
13. Switch the BASE control for
observing
the transistor turning off.
14. Measure the time interval between the applying the turn-off control signal and tne

moment the voltage starts to respond (voltage VcE starts to rise).

ta(OFF) nsec

SWITCHING POWER ON AN INDUCTIVE LOAD

3.3.8

Procedure
to the power supply. Do
INPUT terminals of the circuit board
1. Connect the POWER
at this time.
not turn on the power supply
 Updated 30/07/2019

L1 R1
POWER ELECTRONIcS LAB
102
LOAD (ZT 2600H
I 12
R1
sQUARE WAVE
DRIVER (DR) 510 Ra CHH1
GENERATOR O c 10 15V
R1 C1 o.0063
1002 0.0068F AALm mciH2
R3
MM R2
1502
51002

7502 -15 V

Figure 3.25

10/-10V amplitude, Ik
shown in the figure 3.25. for a
+10/-10

2. Set up the circuit the

n e r a t o r

genera
on the power
supply. Adjust the transi
3. Turn correctly
mea

Square Wave.
mode so you
can

two
complete te switching
channel 2 in reverse
to
observe

4. Set oscilloscope usec/div.)

the time base (200
voltage VCE. Adjust
the voltage VcE
e x p o n e n t i a l l y ?

current lc and
cycles of the
increase
current Ic
does the pidly?
rapid.
5. When the transistor
turns on current Ic
decrease

off, does the surge

transistor turns a voltage
6. When the inductive load cause

current interruption in the

DOes
the VL *

of this voltage surge:

8. Measure the amplitude block to prevent voltage.
ofthe LOAD (Z) circuit
inductor Ll voltage waveform
Note: Place diode
across
current and
diode modifies the
the transistor. The
Surge damaging

when the transistor turns

off.
CR3 into the circuit.
to connect diode
block
9. Place a jumper in
the LOAD (Z) circuit free-wheeling diode
introduction of the
Observe the signals on the oscilloscope. The

into the circuit allows

a. To increase the voltage surge amplitude.

b. To decrease the voltage surge amplitude.

c. To avoid the voltage surges.

i. None of the above

mw
1
LOAD ( 12
LOAD (2 R3 600uH 102
SQUARE WAVE
CH1
o GENERATOR O DRIVER (DR) R1
512 ._CR
R1
1002
C1
0.0068uF
5V Mca RA cH2
0.0068F)
R2
7502
mw R2 R3
15V

5100 15a

-15
TON DUG THANG UAYTno
 ECTRONICS LAB
OWER ELEC
Updated 30/07/2019

Figure 3.26
the transistor),
10. Connect oscilloscope probes to measure the load current I. (Ic in the
as shown in the figure 3.26.
11. The load current signal (l.), displayed on channel 1 show abrupt current interruptio
12.Considering the result of the preceding step, when the transistor turns off, can you >a

that CR3 starts to conduct and allows continued load current flow?

Note: The voltage drop is measured across a resistor of 12. Thus, it can be

considered that a voltage

of 1 V measured on the oscilloscope is equivalent to a

curent of 1 A in the circuit.

1s
15.On channel 1,
measure the maximum amplitude of the load current when the circut
switching at 1 kHz: IL =
14. Gradually increase the square wave frequency up to 20 kHz while adjusting n e
oscilloscope to observe the load current and the current in transisto.
15. Measure the maximum amplitude of the load current when the circuit is switching at
20 kHz:IL =_
16. Place a jumper to short the inductor while observing the load current IL and collector
current Ic waveforms. Can you say that the inductor is efficient in smoothing the load
 Updated 30/07/2019

POWER ELECTRONICS LAB

THYRISTOR SWITCHES,
& GTO
AB 4. BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR

THE POWER MOSFET & IGBT

4.1 OBJECTIVE
fundamentals

and trigger-off
devices
hdcrstand trigger-on
interval.
and time-off
How to increase time-on components of circuit.
signals when varying the
Anow the effects on output

4.2 PRACTICE

TRANSISTOR
4.2.1 THE BIPOLAR POWER

Procedure supply. Do
circuit board to the power
.Connect the POWER INPUT
terminals of the
at this time.
not turn on the power supply
mM
I R3 L1 R1
600uH 102
LOAD (4) 10
sQUARE WAVE
L C CR
o GENERATOR O DRIVER (DR)

R1 C1
--

15 7 R4
12
1002 0.0068uF 15V
10 1WT
R2 R3
7502
5102| 152
ECH1

Figure 4.11

4.1.
2. Set up the circuit shown in the figure 20kHz
the generator for a +10/-10V amplitude,
3. Turn on the power supply. Adjust
Square wave.

1 to observe the current Is.

4. Adjust the oscilloscope channel
 POWER ELECTRONICSLAB Updated 30/07/2019

7/2019 R3 L1 P1
LOAD (Z),103 60011H 102
CHES, sQUARE WAVE
10

O GENERATOR O DRIVER (DR) CR3

1 C1 +15 V R4 CH1
1002 0.006F 10
15V
A NN R3 CH2
R2
5102 152
7502

Figure 4.2
Record the wavetorms
. Connect the oscilloscope as shown in figure 4.2.

to the
show simultaneously the
signal (current IB) applied
control
6. The previous figures Considering the figures,
can
Ic and voltage VcE).
transistor and its response (current > 0.5
transistor is large (taçoFF)
the turn-off delay time
of the bipolar
you say that
usec)? as shown in the
connect the oscilloscope
to the circuit and
7. Add the R1Cl component
to 2 Volts/div.
figure 4.3 and set channel 1
 POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Updated 30/07/2019

YYmN1
11 R1
R 500H
6001H 10%
LOAD (Z)110
sOUARE WAVE
GENERATOR O DRIVER (DR) CP
512
R1 C1
15V c R
1002 0,00681F 10
.006F 15V

RZ
AALwwT R2R3
5102 152
75012
CH1

Figure 4.3

8. Record the wavefom on the channel 1.

1 to 500 mV/div.
shown in figure 4.2 and set channel
. Connect the oscilloscope as
reverse mode).
2 is still set in
Observe the current Ic and the voltage VCE (channel

TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY

Page 57 of 69
 Updated30/O7/2019

(current

poWER ELECTRONICS LAB signal

c o n t r o l
say
the you
10.The figure of step 9 and 10 allows you to see simuta i n e o u s l y

figure,
can

this
t u r n - o f f

Ia) and its

response (current le and voltage VE). ing the

that the presence

Consi significantly

of the current peaks allowed us lo

to reduce
reuu
delay time of the bipolar transistor?
11.Connect the cireuit shown in figure 4.4. Record the waveform on channei

R3 LTRT
1022
600uH
LOAD(2) 10
|SQUARE WAVE
O GENERATOR O DRIVER (DR) R1 CR3
L
512
C1 +15 V c R4
1002 0.0068F
12
O.0068F 15V

KZ
R2 R3
7502 510Q| 150
CH1
-15v
Figure 4.44

12.In the DRIVER (DR) circuit block, move the jumper so that the switching signal passes
the
from bipolar unipolar
to then to bipolar. Repeat this manipulation while observing

oscilloscope.
current peaks?
13.Can you say that a bipolar supply response creates higher negative
channels 1 and 2 to observe the current Ic and the voltage
14. Connect the oscilloscope
VCE.

UNIVERSITY
TON DUC THANG

Page 58 of 69
 Updated 30/07/2019

POWER ELECTRONICS LAB

so tie switng Signal

again the
jumper
circuit block,
move 14. DOes a bipolar
1 . ln the DRIVER (DR) did in step
as you
then to bipolar, transistor
passes from bipolar to unipolar time of
the

Supply alloW a
reduction in the
turn-off switching
signal.
Set the osci. scilloscope
a bipolar
sure the DRIVER (DR)
is set to provide signals
when the transistor
16. Make adjust it to
observe the
nsec/div or less, and
base to S00
ime

Ic fall time (t
turns off. Measure the
current

...nsec

on. MMeasure
transistor turns
when the
observe the signals
oscilloscope to
T/.Adjust the
the current Ic rise time (t).
.nsec
Lr.

Conclusions

TON DUCTHANG UNIVERSITY

Page 59 of 69
rOWER ELECTRONICS LAB
Updated 30/07/2019

.2 DARIINGTON POWER TRANSISTOR

Procedure
Do
1. Comect the POWER INPUT teminals of the cireuit bourd to the power supp
not turn on the power supply at this time.

L1 R1
R3 102
LOAD (Z)103 600yuH
sQUARE WAVE
CRL
GENERATOR O DRIVER (DR)
C
C1
15V R4
10
10062 0.0068F
15V

AATNT 152
10k
7502 CH1

Figure 4.5

2. Set up the circuit shown in the figure

4.5. 20kHz
+10/-10V amplitude,
generator for a
. lurn on the power supply. Adjust the
square wave.
(measurea irO
the current Is
mV/div to observe
4. Adjust oscilloscope channel 1 to 50
the voltage across the resistor R3) at the base of
the Darlington.
triggering at the base
to turn on
and
lu
O O s e r v e a signal on channel 1. It is current Ia.
off transistor. Record the waveform:

read the transistor voltage VCE.

6. Set channel 2 in reverse mode in order to correctly
observe the current Ic (500 mV/div) and the voltage
Adjust the oscilloscope so you can
VCE (10 V/div) as shown in figure 4.6.
TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY

Page 60 of 69
 POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Updated 30/07/2019

L1 R1
6001uH 102
LOAD(21 102.
SQUARE WAVE
GENERATOR o DRIVER (DR) CR3 B

R1 C1
10002 0.0068iF 15 v 12

15V
CH2
R2 R2 R3
7502 10k 1502

Figure 4.6

7. The previous figure allows you simultaneously the control signal (current IB)
to see
applied to the transistor and its response (current Ic and voltage VcE). Consideringthis
figure, can you say that the switching times of the Darlington transistor are large?

TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY

Page 61 of 69
POW ELECTRONICS LAB
Updated 30/07/2019

Y L1
1

ARE O pnIVER (DP 0UAP WAVE

ENER -
P1 t#Afon o DPIV (D)
C 15

o 006
ALwwwT.Y
PTL
10% 150
1
7500
CH

Figure 4.7 Figure 4.8

s. Set up the circuit shown in figure 4.7. Connect the cicoscilloscope to observe u

la again. Record the waveform:

and
current lc u
9.Connect the oscilloscope as shown in the figure 4.8. Observe the
voltage VcCE. Record the waveforms:

UNIVERSITY
TON DUC THANG
Page 62 of 69
 Updated 30/07/2019
POWER ELECTRONICS LAB
sirmultancously
the controtrol signal (cu
T0.The figures of steps 8 and 9 allows you to see
Considering
these figures,r ht
can you
Ve).
) and i1s
response (cuTent Iand voltage
to
reduce
sSignificantly the
the turn-off
,

allowed us
say that the appearance of curent peaks

delay time taon of the Darlington transistor?.

P1
L1
3
50pH
100
LOAD(Z) 10

sQUARE WAVE 1
O GENERATOR O DRIVER (DR) 510
15 V
- -

c1 10
C1
000 0.00681F o.0068F 15V

AAwwtwT R2 R3
10k 15Q
R2
7502 CH1

15V
Figure 4.9
current Ip
as snovwl n
igure 4.9
oscillosope to
observe the
1.Connect the circuit and the
Record the waveform:

the switching signal

passes

circuit block, thejumperso thatmove

while observing the
12.In the DRIVER (DR) this manipulation
then to bipolar. Repeat
from bipolar to unipolar
that the use of a bipolar supply
oscilloscope. you say
observations made in step 12, can
13. Refering to
of higher current
peaks?_ the voltage
allows the creation can observe
the current le and
channels 1 and 2 so you
14. Connect oscilloscope
from
VCE the switching signal passes so
againthejumper in the turn
DRIVER (DR) block,
move
reduction
15. In the allow a
Does a bipolar supply
then to bipolar.
bipolar to unipolar transistor?_
of the Darlington time
off switching time signal. Set the oscilloscope
to provide a bipolar
DRIVER (DR) set when the Darlington
16. Make sure the it to observe the signals
nsec/div or less,
and adjust
base to 500 time:tr=... nsec
.nsec
Measure the current Ic fall the
transistorturns
off.
when the transistorturns on. Measure
observe the signals
the oscilloscope to
17.Adjust
rise time: t , . . . . .
current c
TON DUG THANG UNIVERSITY
 -ly

pOWER ELECTRONICS LAB

Updated 30/07/2019
.2.3 THE GTO THYRISTOR

Procedure

1. Connect the POWER INPUT terminals of the circuit board to the power upply. Do
not tum on the power supply at this time.

L1
LOAD (Z) 103 6m 100 P2 LOADZ1o m
sOUAREWAVE
o GENERATOR O SQUAPEWAVE
DPIVER (DP) cP B LO EHEPATOR DFTVEP
F1 C1
15 V ---* * 15 V
,100O 0.006AF
1000 o.006F

R2 2
1509 10 13
CH1

Figure 4.11
Figure 4.10
2. Set up the circuit shown in the figure 4.10.
20kZ
the generator for a +10/-1OV amplitude,
T u r n on the power supply. Adjust
square wave. iG
can observe
the current
oscilloscope channel 1 to 500 mV/div so you
4. Adjust GTO thyristor.
a c r o s s the resistor R3)
at the gate of the
measured from the voltage drop
Set the time base to 10 usec/div.
positive unipolar square signal? wave

signal supplying the GTO gate a

. Is the mode in
4.11. Set channel 2 in reverse
in the figure
6. Connect the oscilloscope as shown can
VAK. Adjust the oscilloscope so you
GTO voltage
order to correctly read the 10 usec/div.
time base is still set to
observe the current IAK and thevoltage VAK. The
and turns oft)?
(successively turns on
.

7. Is the GTO switching normally =

GTO thyristor: VaK(ON)

8. Measure the on-state voltage of the DRIVER (DR) circuit
moving the jumper in the
9. Modify the gate driving signal
by
from unipolar to bipolar.
block so that the switching signal passes
turning on andturning
now observe
that the GTO thyristor is successively
10.Do you

off?
LOAD(Z) RR2
LOAD (Z) 1 0 600uA 102 100

sQUARE WAVE
CR3
DRIVER (DR) C1
O GENERATOR O RA CHT
--** 15 V? 19 15|
R1 C1
1002 0.0068uF
CH2
wm R2 R3

R2 1502 150
7509

Figure 4.12

connect capacitor CI in parallel with

resistor
oscilloscope traces,
11. While observing the
R2, shown in the figure 4.12.
as
in the GTO turn-off
switching time?
12. Do you observe a reduction

O THANG LINIYERsITY
 Updated 30/07/2019
POWER ELECTRONICS LAB
L1 R1 RZ
R3

600H
10%2 10%2
LOAD (Z) 10
CR
sQUAREWAVE DRIVER (DR)
C1 R4.
O GENERATORO 0.033uF
12. 15V
15
C1

10M2 0,0068F
A R3
R2
1500 152
R2
CH1
7500
-15 V

Figure 4.13
observe the current [G.
4.13 to
1 as shown in figure
15.Connect oscilloscope channel
Record the waveform.

Conclusions
poWER ELECTRONICS LAB
Updated 30/07/2019
4.2.4 THE POWER MOSFET

Procedure

1. Connect the POWER INPUT terminals o f the cireuit board to the power supply. DO

not turn on the power supply at this time.

r

LOAD (Z) R3
1 0 600uH 102
sQUARE WAVE
GENERATOR O DRIVER (DR) CR.

R1 C1 R2

1009 0.0068F R1 124

15V
AA 2202

cH2
7502 CH1-

Figure 4.14

20kH
2. Set up the circuit shown in figure 4.14. 20KHZ
+10/-10V amplitude,
.urn on the power supply. Adjust the generator for a
collector
square wave. drain-source
the gate-source voltage
VGs and the
* Adjust the oscilloscope to observe
turn-on.
VDs during MOSFET
voltage
5. Record the waveformns:

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 Updated 30/07/2019
POWER ELECTRONICs LAB
irom the voltaso
(1mcasured
oscilloscope so you can observe the current ID
OAdjust the
MOSFET urn-on as
shown in ligure
4.15.
Record
drop across the resistor R2) during
the curment ID wavefom:

L 1 R1
R3 G00uH 102
LOAD (Z) 102
sQUARE WAVE CR
C9
O GENERATOR O DRIVER (DR) C +

R1 R2CH1
10
1002 0.0068F R1 15V
A
2202
A N
R2
7502

Figure 4.15

evaluate the turn-on delay time taoN) of the MOSFET:

7. Referring to the previous figure,
nsec
tarON)
8. In the DRIVER (DR) circuit block, move the jumper so that the switching signal passes
from bipolar to unipolar then to bipolar. Repeat
this manipulation while observing the
oscilloscope.
is controlled
9. Do you observe a significant change in the turn-on signal when switching
with a bipolar signal rather than with a unipolar signal?_

TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY

Page 67 of 69
 Updated 30/07/201

POWER ELECTRONICcS LAB

4.2.5 THE IGBT Do

supply.
the power
circuit board to
Procedure
INPUT
temninals of thhe
POWER
.Connect
the this time.

power
supply at
on the L1 R1
not turn
R3 600H 102
LOAD(Z) 10
CR
sQUARE WAVE
DRIVER (DR) RZ
GENERATOR O|

R1 C1
16V R1
12. 15V

1002 0.0068uF 2202 CH2

ALNM
cH1-
7502

Figure 4.16

20kHz
4.16. amplitude,
the figure
circuit shown in
+10/-10V
2. Set up the generator
for a
the
on the powersupply. Adjust
lurn
and the collector
square wave.
gate-emitter
voltage VoE
observe the
oscilloscope to
4. Adjust the IGBT t u r n - o n .
emitter voltage VcE during
waveforms:
5. Record the

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Page 68 of 69
 Updated 30/07/2019
POWER ELECTRONICS LAB
sighal passes
that the switching
so
bleck the junmper
n thec DRIVER (DR) circuit n1cave
manipulation
while observing

Repcat this
olar to bipolar then to umipolar.
"
the oscilloscope. when tne
switching is
significant in the turn-on signa
clhange
O u observe a
with a unipolar signal
Controled with a bipolar signal rather than sIgnal.
provide a bipolar switching
circuit is set to
ake
sure the d:iver
the gate-cmitter
voltage VGE
and the collector
9 Adjust the lloscope to observe

cmitter voltage Ver during 1GBT turn-ofl

10. Referring to the previous figure, evaluate the turn-on rise time t of the IGBT:
t= nsec
11. Using the dc voltmeter function of the multimeters, the
measure collector-emitter
voltage VcEION) during IGBT conduction: VcEON)

Conclusions

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UNIVERSITY
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