Chapter 12 - Sound

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Sound waves 10. A train moves down the track toward an observer.
a. are a part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The sound from the train, as heard by the observer,
b. do not require a medium for transmission. is ____ the sound heard by a passenger on the train.
c. are longitudinal waves. d. are transverse a. the same as b. a different timbre than
waves. c. higher in pitch than d. lower in pitch than

2. The trough of the sine curve used to represent a 11. The Doppler effect occurs with
sound wave corresponds to a. only sound waves. b. only transverse waves.
a. a compression. b. the wavelength. c. the c. only water waves. d. all waves.
amplitude. d. a rarefaction.
12. If you are on a train, how will the pitch of the
3. Which of the following is the region of a sound train’s whistle sound to you as the train moves?
wave in which the density and pressure are greater a. The pitch will become steadily higher. b. The
than normal? pitch will become steadily lower. c. The pitch
a. rarefaction b. compression c. amplitude will not change. d. The pitch will become higher,
d. wavelength then become lower.

4. The highness or lowness of a sound is perceived as 13. The property of sound called intensity is
a. compression. b. wavelength. c. ultrasound. proportional to the rate at which energy flows
d. pitch. through
a. an area perpendicular to the direction of
5. Pitch depends on the ____ of a sound wave. propagation. b. an area parallel to the direction of
a. frequency b. amplitude c. power d. speed propagation. c. a cylindrical tube. d. a sound
wave of a certain frequency.
6. In general, sound travels faster through
a. solids than through gases. b. gases than 14. The intensity of a sound at any distance from the
through solids. c. gases than through liquids. source is directly proportional to the sound’s
d. empty space than through matter. a. wavelength. b. pitch. c. power.
d. frequency.
7. At a large distance from a sound source, spherical
wave fronts are viewed as 15. The perceived loudness of a sound is measured in
a. wavelengths. b. troughs. c. rays. d. plane a. hertz. b. decibels. c. watts. d. watts per
waves. square meter.

8. The point at which a ray crosses a wave front 16. A sound twice the intensity of the faintest audible
corresponds to a ____ of a sound wave. sound is not perceived as twice as loud because the
a. wavelength b. compression c. trough sensation of loudness in human hearing
d. source a. is approximately logarithmic. b. is
approximately exponential. c. depends on the
9. The distance between wave fronts of plane waves speed of sound. d. is proportional to frequency.
corresponds to ____ of a sound wave.
a. one wavelength b. two amplitudes c. one 17. When the frequency of a force applied to a system
compression d. two rarefactions matches the natural frequency of vibration of the
system, ____ occurs.
 a. damped vibration b. random vibration 20. The wavelength of the fundamental frequency of a
c. timbre d. resonance vibrating string of length L is
a. 1/2 L. b. L. c. 2L. d. 4L.
18. When an air column vibrates in a pipe that is open
at both ends, 21. The quality of a musical tone of a certain pitch
a. all harmonics are present. b. no harmonics are results from a combination of
present. c. only odd harmonics are present. a. fundamental frequencies. b. harmonics.
d. only even harmonics are present. c. transverse waves. d. velocities.

19. When an air column vibrates in a pipe that is closed 22. Audible beats are formed by the interference of two
at one end, waves
a. all harmonics are present. b. no harmonics are a. of slightly different frequencies. b. of greatly
present. c. only odd harmonics are present. different frequencies. c. with equal frequencies,
d. only even harmonics are present. but traveling in opposite directions. d. from the
same vibrating source.
Problem
23. A wave on a guitar string has a velocity of 684 m/s.
The guitar string is 62.5 cm long. What is the
fundamental frequency of the vibrating string?

24. What is the intensity of sound waves produced by a

trumpet at a distance of 1.6 m when the power
output of the trumpet is 0.30 W?

25. What length of guitar string would vibrate at a

fundamental frequency of 825 Hz if the string is
stretched so that the velocity of waves on the string
is 577 m/s?

26. Closed-end organ pipes often have a movable

closure that can be adjusted up or down to tune the
pipe to the desired pitch. The resonant length of a
certain closed-end pipe is 27.5 cm. By how many
centimeters must this pipe be shortened or
lengthened in order to tune it to a fundamental
frequency of 349 Hz? The pipe is in an
environment in which the speed of sound is 348
m/s.

27. As two notes are sounded, 6 beats per second are

heard. The frequency of one note is 571 Hz. What
is the frequency of the other note?
Chapter 12 - Sound
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-1.1

2. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-1.1
3. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-1.1
4. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-1.2
5. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-1.2
6. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-1.3
7. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-1.4
8. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 12-1.4
9. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 12-1.4
10. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-1.5
11. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-1.5
12. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 12-1.5
13. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-2.1
14. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 12-2.1
15. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-2.2
16. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-2.2
17. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-2.3
18. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-3.1
19. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-3.1
20. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-3.2
21. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-3.3
22. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 12-3.4

PROBLEM

23. ANS:
547 Hz
Given
v = 684 m/s
L = 62.5 cm
Solution

fn = n
At the fundamental frequency (first harmonic), n = 1, so

f1 = = = 547 Hz

PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 12 Test A

24. ANS:
9.3 1023 W/m2
 Given
P = 0.30 W
r = 1.6 m
Solution

Intensity =

Intensity = = 9.3 1023 W/m2

PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 12 Test B

25. ANS:
0.350 m
Given
v = 577 m/s
f1 = 825 Hz
Solution

fl =

L= = = 0.350 m

PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 12 Test B

26. ANS:
The resonant length must be shortened by 2.5 cm to 25.0 cm.
Given
v = 348 m/s
f1 = 349 Hz
Linitial 5 27.5 cm
Solution

f1 =

L= = = 0.250 m
25.0 cm
Change in length = Linitial - L = 27.5 cm - 25.0 cm = 2.5cm

PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 12 Test B

27. ANS:
565 Hz or 577 Hz
Given
freference = 571 Hz
beats = 6/s
Solution
f = freference beats = 571 Hz 6 Hz
f = 565 Hz or 577 Hz

PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 12 Test B