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 CONTENTS
(iv) ... Latest Syllabus (2020-21 Examination)

(viii) ... Latest CBSE Question Paper Design

(2020-21)

1-14 ... Latest CBSE Sample Question Paper

2020-21 (Issued by CBSE)

15–40 ... SAMPLE GUESS PAPERS (1-5)

(Solved)
(Based on Latest CBSE Sample
Question Paper)

41–94 ... ANSWER SHEETS (1-5)

95–120 ... SAMPLE GUESS PAPERS (1-5)

(Unsolved)
(Based on Latest CBSE Sample
Question Paper)

❑ ❑ ❑ ❑

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 * Due to Covid-19 Pandemic the CBSE has reduced the Syllabus for Academic Year 2020-21.

REVISED SYLLABUS
Reduced Syllabus due to COVID
19
PHYSICS–XII
(Latest syllabus issued by CBSE—2021 Examination & Onwards)
One Paper Time : 3 hours Max Marks : 70
Units No. of Periods Marks
Unit I Electrostatics
Chapter-1: Electric Charges and Fields 23
Chapter-2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 16
Unit II Current Electricity
15
Chapter-3: Current Electricity
Unit III Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Chapter-4: Moving Charges and Magnetism 16
Chapter-5: Magnetism and Matter 17
Unit IV Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
Chapter-6: Electromagnetic Induction 19
Chapter-7: Alternating Current
Unit V Electromagnetic Waves
02
Chapter-8: Electromagnetic Waves
Unit VI Optics 18
Chapter-9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 18
Chapter-10: Wave Optics
Unit VII Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
07
Chapter-11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Unit VIII Atoms and Nuclei 12
Chapter-12: Atoms 11
Chapter-13: Nuclei
Unit IX Electronic Devices
Chapter-14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, 07 7
Devices and Simple Circuit
Total 118 70

UNIT I: ELECTROSTATICS 23 Periods

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields
Electric Charges: Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law—force between two point charges, forces
between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.
Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a
dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field.
Electric flux, statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight
wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet.
Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of
charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of
electric dipole in an electrostatic field.
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 Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric
polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance
of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a
capacitor.
UNIT II: CURRENT ELECTRICITY 15 Periods
Chapter 3: Current Electricity
Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation
with electric current; Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear),
electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity. Temperature dependence of
resistance.
Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in
parallel. Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications, Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge.
(Qualitative ideas only)
Potentiometer—principle and its applications to measure potential difference and for comparing EMF of
two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell. (Qualitative ideas only)
UNIT III: MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM 16 Periods
Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment.
Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop.
Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. Straight and toroidal solenoids (only
qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.
Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel current-
carrying conductors—definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic
field; moving coil galvanometer—its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, magnetic dipole moment of a
revolving electron. Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; earth’s magnetic field and
magnetic elements.
UNIT IV: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS 19 Periods
Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self
and mutual induction.
Chapter 7: Alternating Current
Alternating current, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LC
oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits. AC generator
and transformer.
UNIT V: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 02 Periods
Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics their transverse nature (qualitative ideas only).
Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays)
including elementary facts about their uses.
UNIT VI : OPTICS 18 Periods
Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Ray Optics: Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications, optical fibres, refraction at
spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lensmaker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens,
combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism.
Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their
magnifying powers.
Chapter 10: Wave Optics
Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen’s principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane
surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle.
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 Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and
sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.
UNIT VII: DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER 07 Periods
Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric
equation—particle nature of light. Experimental study of photoelectric effect.
Matter waves—wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation.
UNIT VIII: ATOMS AND NUCLEI 11 Periods
Chapter 12: Atoms
Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen
spectrum.
Chapter 13: Nuclei
Composition and size of nucleus.
Mass-energy relation, mass defect; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.
UNIT IX: ELECTRONIC DEVICES 7 Periods
Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only)
Semiconductor diode—I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier.
Special purpose p-n junction diodes: LED, photodiode, Solar cell.

PRACTICALS Total Periods: 32

The record, to be submitted by the students, at the time of their annual examination, has to include:
• Record of at least 8 Experiments [with 4 from each section], to be performed by the students.
• Record of at least 6 Activities [with 3 each from Section A and Section B], to be demonstrated by the
teachers.
Evaluation Scheme
Time Allowed: 3 hours Max. Marks: 30
Two experiments one from each Section 8+8 Marks
Practical record [experiments and activities] 7 Marks
Viva on experiments, and activities 7 Marks
Total 30 Marks

SECTION A
EXPERIMENTS
1. To determine resistivity of two/three wires by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current.
2. To find resistance of a given wire/standard resistor using metre bridge.
Or
To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge.
Or
To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge.
3. To compare the EMF of two given primary cells using potentiometer.
Or
To determine the internal resistance of given primary cell using potentiometer.
4. To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.
5. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter of
desired range and to verify the same.
Or
To convert the given galvanometer (of known resitance and figure of merit) into an ammeter of
desired range and to verify the same.
6. To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.
ACTIVITIES
1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without iron core.
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 2. To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given circuit using
multimeter.
3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse and a power
source.
4. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.
5. To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady current.
6. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key,
ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct
the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

SECTION B
EXPERIMENTS
1. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v.
2. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.
Or
To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.
3. To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between angle of
incidence and angle of deviation.
4. To determine refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
5. To find refractive index of a liquid by using convex lens and plane mirror.
6. To draw the I-V characteristic curve of a p-n junction diode in forward bias and reverse bias.
ACTIVITIES
1. To identify a diode, an LED, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such item.
2. Use of multimeter to see the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED and
check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode) is in working order.
3. To study effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an LDR.
4. To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a glass slab.
5. To observe polarization of light using two Polaroids.
6. To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit.
7. To study the nature and size of the image formed by a (i) convex lens, (ii) concave mirror, on a
screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the lens/mirror).
8. To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two lenses from the given
set of lenses.

Recommended Textbooks
1. Physics, Class XII, Part -I and II, Published by NCERT.
2. Laboratory Manual of Physics for Class XII, Published by NCERT.

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 LATEST CBSE QUESTION PAPER DESIGN
PHYSICS (Code 042)
CLASS XII (2020-2021)

Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

S.No. Typology of Questions Total Percentage
Marks
1. Remembering and understanding: Exhibit memory of previously learned 27 38%
material by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts and answers. Demonstrate
under standing of facts and ideas by organizing, comparing, translating,
interpreting, giving descriptions and stating main idea.
2. Applying: Solve problems to new situations by applying knowledge, 22 32%
facts, techniques and rules in a different way.
3. Analysing, Evaluating and Creating: Examine and break information into 21 30%
parts by identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find evidence
to support generalizations. Present and defend opinions by making
judgments about information, validity of ideas, or quality of work based on
a set of criteria. Compile information together in a different way by
combining elements in a new pattern or proposing alternative solutions.
TOTAL 70 100%

Practical: 30 Marks
Note:
1. Internal Choice: There is no overall choice in the paper. However, there will be at least 33% internal
choice.
2. The above template is only a sample. Suitable internal variations may be made for generating
similar templates keeping the overall weightage to different form of questions and typology of
questions same.
◆◆◆◆

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 Series : SGP / CBSE / 2020-21 (Solved) Code No. 042

Roll No.

• Please check that this question paper contains 14 printed pages.

• Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on
the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
• Please check that this question paper contains 33 questions.
• Please write down the Serial Number of the question before attempting it.
• 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will
be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the students will read the
question paper only and will not write any answer on the answer-book during this
period.

PHYSICS–XII
CBSE Sample Question Paper for 2020-21

Das
(Issued by CBSE)
Time allowed : 3 hours
General Instructions: Shiv Maximum Marks : 80

(i) All questions are compulsory. There are 33 questions in all.

(ii) This question paper has four sections: Section-A, Section-B, Section-C and Section-D.
(iii) Section-A contains ten very short answer questions and four assertion reasoning MCQs of 1 mark each,
Section B has two case based questions of 4 marks each, Section C contains nine short answer questions
of 2 marks each, Section D contains five short answer questions of 3 marks each and Section E contains
three long answer questions of 5 marks each.
(iv) There is no overall choice. However internal choice is provided. You have to attempt only one of the choices
in such questions.

SECTION-A
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them.
Q.1. Name the physical quantity having unit J/T.(CH3)3C—C HO1
Ans. Magnetic dipole moment is the physical quantity having unit J/T.
Q.2. Mention one use of part of electromagnetic spectrum to which a wavelength of 21 cm (emitted
by hydrogen in interstellar space) belongs. 1
Ans. Microwaves have a wavelength of 21 cm and are used in ovens for heating & cooking.
Or
Give the ratio of velocity of the two light waves of wavelengths 4000Å and 8000Å travelling in
vacuum.
Ans. 1 : 1 ...[Hint: All the waves travel with the speed of light. Velocity is independent of wavelength.
Q.3. An electron with charge -e and mass m travels at a speed v in a plane perpendicular to a
magnetic field of magnitude B. The electron follows a circular path of radius R. In a time, t, the
electron travels halfway around the circle. What is the amount of work done by the magnetic
field? 1
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 Ans. Zero ...[Hint: Force and displacement are perpendicular to each other
Q.4. A solenoid with N loops of wire tightly wrapped around an iron-core is carrying an electric
current I. If the current through this solenoid is reduced to half, then what change would you
expect in inductance L of the solenoid. 1
Ans. Inductance L of the solenoid would remains same
...[Hint: Self inductance is the property of a given soleniod and does not depend upon
the current flowing through it.
Or
An alternating current from a source is given by i = 10 sin 314t. What is the effective value of
current and frequency of source?
Ans. Given: i = 10 sin 314 t
Compare it with i = I0 sin wt
we get I0 = 10 and w = 314 or 3.14 × 100 = 100π
I0 10
\ Ieff = = = 7.07 A ...[Hint: Ieff =I0 / 2
2 2
w 100 π
f= = = 50 Hz ...[Hint: w = 2pf
2π 2π
Q.5. What is the value of angular momentum of electron in the second orbit of Bohr’s model of
hydrogen atom? 1
nh 2 h h
Ans. L = = = ...[Hint: n = 2
2p 2 p p
Q.6. In a photoelectric experiment, the potential required to stop the ejection of electrons from

s
cathode is 4V. What is the value of maximum kinetic energy of emitted Photoelectrons? 1

Da
Ans. Value of maximum kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons is 4 eV

Shiv
Q.7. In decay of free neutron, name the elementary particle emitted along with proton and electron
in nuclear reaction. 1

Ans. Antineutrino ... ÈÎ Hint : n Æ p + 0

-1 e + v

Or
In the following nuclear reaction, Identify unknown labelled X.
22 Na + X Æ 22 Ne + J
11 10 e
Ans. X = Electron ...[Hint: One proton is converted into neutron
Q.8. How does the width of a depletion region of a p-n junction vary if doping concentration is
increased? 1
Ans. Width of depletion region of a p-n junction decreases, if doping concentration is increased.
Or
In half wave rectification, what is the output frequency if input frequency is 25 Hz.
Ans. 25 Hz, As frequency of output remains unchanged.
Q.9. When a voltage drop across a pn junction diode is increased from 0.70 V to 0.71 V, the change
in the diode current is 10 mA . What is the dynamic resistance of diode? 1
−2
⎛ 0.71 − 0.70 ⎞ 0.01 10 dV
Ans. ⎜ −3 ⎟
= −2 = −2 = 1 W [Hint: rd =
⎝ 10 × 10 ⎠ 10 10 dI
Q.10. Which specially fabricated p-n junction diode is used for detecting light intensity? 1
Ans. Photodiode is used for detecting light intensity.
For question numbers 11, 12, 13 and 14, two statements are given—one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
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 Q.11. Assertion (A): In a nonuniform electric field, a dipole will have translatory as well as rotatory
motion. 1
Reason (R): In a nonuniform electric field, a dipole experiences a force as well as torque.
Ans. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q.12. Assertion (A): Electric field is always normal to equipotential surfaces and along the direction of
decreasing order of potential.
Reason (R): Negative gradient of electric potential is electric field. 1
Ans. (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT. the correct explanation of A.
Q.13. Assertion (A): A convex mirror cannot form real images.
Reason (R): Convex mirror converges the parallel rays that are incident on it. 1
Ans. (c) A is true but R is false.
Q.14. Assertion (A): A convex lens of focal length 30 cm cannot be used as a simple microscope in
normal setting. 1
Reason (R): For normal setting, the angular magnification of simple microscope is M = D/f.
Ans. (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

SECTION-B
Questions 15 and 16 are case study based questions and are compulsory. Attempt any 4 sub parts from
each question. Each question carries 1 mark.
Q.15. Faraday Cage: 4
A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an enclosure made of a conducting
material. The fields within a conductor cancel out with any external fields, so
the electric field within the enclosure is zero. These Faraday cages act as big

as
hollow conductors, you can put things in to shield them from electrical

D
fields. Any electrical shocks the cage receives, pass harmlessly around the

Shiv
outside of the cage.
1. Which of the following material can be used to make a Faraday cage? 1
(a) Plastic (b) Glass (c) Copper (d) Wood
2. Example of a real-world Faraday cage is 1
(a) car (b) plastic box (c) lightning rod (d) metal rod
3. What is the electrical force inside a Faraday cage when it is struck by lightning? 1
(a) The same as the lightning (b) Half that of the lightning
(c) Zero (d) A quarter of the lightning
4. An isolated point charge +q is placed inside the Faraday cage. Its surface must have charge
equal to 1
(a) Zero (b) +q (c) –q (d) +2q
5. A point charge of 2 C is placed at centre of Faraday cage in the shape of a cube with surface of
9 cm edge. The number of electric field lines passing through the cube normally will be 1
(a) 1.9105 Nm2/C entering the surface
(b) 1.9105 Nm2/C leaving the surface
(c) 2.0105 Nm2/C leaving the surface
(d) 2.0105 Nm2/C entering the surface
Ans. 1. (c) Copper 2. (a) car 3. (c) Zero 4. (c) –q
5. (b) 1.9105 Nm2/C leaving the surface
Q.16. Sparking Brilliance of Diamond: 4
The total internal reflection of the light is used in polishing diamonds to
Critical angle
create a sparking brilliance. By polishing the diamond with specific
cuts, it is adjusted the most of the light rays approaching the surface are
incident with an angle of incidence more than critical angle. Hence, they
suffer multiple reflections and ultimately come out of diamond from
the top. This gives the diamond a sparking brilliance. Total Air Diamond
reflection

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 1. Light cannot easily escape a diamond without multiple internal reflections. This is because:
1
(a) Its critical angle with reference to air is too large
(b) Its critical angle with reference to air is too small
(c) The diamond is transparent
(d) Rays always enter at angle greater than critical angle
2. The critical angle for a diamond is 24.4∞∞. Then its refractive index is 1
(a) 2.42 (b) 0.413 (c) 1 (d) 1.413
3. The basic reason for the extraordinary sparkle of suitably cut diamond is that 1
(a) It has low refractive index (b) It has high transparency
(c) It has high refractive index (d) It is very hard
4. A diamond is immersed in a liquid with a refractive index greater than water. Then the
critical angle for total internal reflection will 1
(a) depend on the nature of the liquid (b) decrease
(c) remains the same (d) increase
5. The given diagram shows same diamond cut in two different shapes. 1
The brilliance of diamond in the second diamond will be:
(a) less than the first
(b) greater than first
(c) same as first
(d) will depend on the intensity of light
Ans. 1. (b) Its critical angle with reference to air is too small
2. (a) 2.42

as
1 1 1
[Hint: m = = m = 2.42

D
=
sin q c sin 24.4º 0.41310443

Shiv
3. (c) It has high refractive index
4. (d) increase
5. (a) less than the first

SECTION-C
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one.
Q.17. Three long straight parallel wires are kept as shown in the
Y
figure. The wire (3) carries a current I.
(i) The direction of flow of current I in wire (3), is such that
the net force, on wire (1), due to the other two wires, is X
zero.
Z
(ii) By reversing the direction of I, the net force, on wire (2),
due to the other two wires, becomes zero. What will be
directions of current I, in the two cases? Also obtain the relation between the magnitudes of
the currents I1, I2 and I. 2
Ans.

(i) Net force experienced by wire (1) can be zero only, when the current in wire (3) flows along
– J i.e. downwards, it means that the forces acting on wire (1) due to wire (3) and wire (2)
(F21 and F31) are equal and opposite.
m 0 2I1 .I 2 m 0 2I 1I
F21 = F31 ⇒ = \ I = 2I2
4p a 4p 2 a

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 (ii) When direction of current in wire (3) is reversed then current should be along+ J , i.e.,
upwards.
For this case net force on wire (2) becomes zero, which means that the forces due to wire (1)
and wire (3) are equal and opposite. (F12 and F32)
m 0 2I 1I 2 m 0 2I I 2
= \ I = I1 fi I = I1 = 2I2
4p a 4p a
Q.18. Draw the graph showing intensity distribution of fringes with phase angle due to diffraction
through single slit. 2
Ans.
Intensity

O
a a a a a a
Distance from centre
Intensity distribution in the diffraction
due to single slit

Or
What should be the width of each slit to obtain n maxima of double slit pattern within the cen-

as
tral maxima of single slit pattern?

D
nl

v
Ans. n maxima of double slit pattern is given by ...(i)

Shi
d
2l
Central maxima of a single slit pattern is given by ...(ii)
a
nl 2 l 2d
From (i) & (ii), = \ a=
d a n
Q.19. Deduce an expression for the potential energy of a system of two point charges q1 and q2
Æ
located at positions r1 and r2 respectively in an external field ( E ). 2
Æ
Ans. Let E be the external field
Æ
Work done on q2 against the external field = q2 . V( r2 )
1 q1q 2 q q
Work done on q2 against the field due to q1 = . = 1 2
4 pe 0 r12 4 pe 0r12
...where [r12 is the distance between q1 and q2
By the superposition principle for fields, we add up the work done on q2 against the two fields
Æ
( E and that due to q1).

Æ Æ q1 q 2
\ Work done in bringing q2 to r2 = q2.V( r2 ) + 4pe r
0 12
Thus, potential energy of the system = Total work done in assembling the configuration
Æ Æ q 1 q2
= q1.V( r1 ) + q2.V( r2 ) + 4 pe r
0 12
Or
(i) Define the term ‘potential energy’ of charge ‘q’ at a distance ‘r’ in an external electric field.
(ii) Two charges 2 mC and –2mC are placed at points A and B 5 cm apart. Depict an equipoten-
tial surface of the system.
Ans. (i) It is defined as the amount of work done in bringing the charge from infinity to its position
in the system in the electric field of another charge without acceleration.
V = Er

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 (ii)

Q.20. Draw the V-I characteristic of an LED. State two advantages of LED lamps over conventional
incandescent lamps. Write the factor which controls (a) wavelength of light emitted, (b)
intensity of light emitted by an LED. 2
Ans. Light Emitting Diode (LED). A light emitting diode is
simply a forward biased p-n junction which emits
spontaneous light radiation. When forward bias is applied,
the electron and holes at the junction recombine and energy
released is emitted in the form of light. V-I characteristics of
LED are similar to that of Si junction diode but the threshold
voltages are much higher and slightly different for each colour. No conduction or light emission
occurs for reverse bias which, if it exceeds 5V, may damage the LED.
For emission in visible range, the least band gap energy of LED is 1.8 eV.
Q.21. A coil of wire enclosing an area 100 cm2 is placed with its plane making an angle 60∞ with the
magnetic field of strength 10-1 T. What is the flux through the coil? If magnetic field is reduced
to zero in 10-3 s, then find the induced emf? 2
Ans. Given: Area (A) = 100 cm2 = 100 × 10–4 m2; Angle of inclination (q) = 60∞
Initial magnetic field (B1) = 10–1 NC–1; Final magnetic field (B2) = zero
Time duration (t) = 10–3 s;

s
flux (f) = ?

Da
induced emf (e) = ?

v
As We know, Flux, f = BA cos q

Shi
= (10–1) × (100 ×10–4) cos 60∞ = 5 × 10–4 Vm

df È 0 - (5 ¥ 10 -4 )˘
∵ Induced emf, e = - = -Î ˚
= 0.5 V
dt 10 -3
Q.22. Two waves from two coherent sources S and S’ superimpose at X as shown in X
the figure. If X is a point on the second minima and SX minus S’X is 4.5 cm.
Calculate the wavelength of the waves. 2
Ans. Given. SX – S’X = 4.5 cm
To find: Wavelength (l) = ? S S¢
3l 2
For 2nd minima, Dx = = 4.5 \ l = 4.5 × = 3 cm
2 3
Q.23. Draw the energy band diagram when intrinsic semiconductor (Ge) is doped with impurity
atoms of Antimony (Sb). Name the extrinsic semiconductor so obtained and majority charge
carriers in it. 2
Ans. (i) Extrinsic semiconductor is of N-type semiconductor.

(ii) Majority charge carriers are electrons.

Q.24. Define the terms magnetic inclination and horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field at a
place. Establish the relationship between the two with help of a diagram. 2

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 Ans. Magnetic inclination (dip). It is the angle between the direction of the
intensity of the total earth’s magnetic field and the horizontal. It is
denoted by d.
Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field. The component of
magnetic field which is in horizontal direction. i.e., the component of the
earth’s magnetic field which is responsible for any magnetic effect in the
horizontal direction is known as the horizontal component of earth’s
magnetic field.
If B is intensity of the earth’s total magnetic field and BH and BV are the horizontal and vertical
components of the earth’s magnetic field respectively, then
BH = B cos d d be the magnetic dip
…where [d
and BV = B cos d
Or
Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field at a place is 3 times the vertical component.
What is the value of inclination at that place?
Ans. Given. Horizontal component (H) = 3 ×V
V 1
Now, H = = tan 30∞
3
Hence value of angle of inclination is 30∞∞.
Q.25. A ray of light, incident on an equilateral glass prism (mg = 3 ) moves parallel to the base line of
the prism inside it. Find the angle of incidence for this ray.
Ans. mg = 3 = 1n
2

as
sin i sin i
1n = \ 3 = sin 30º

D
2 sin r

Shiv
1 1.732
fi sin i = 3 × sin 30∞ = 3× =
2 2
fi sin i = 0.866
\ Angle of incidence, i = 60∞∞

SECTION-D
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one.
Q.26. A rectangular loop which was initially inside the region of uniform and time- independent
magnetic field, is pulled out with constant velocity v as shown in the figure.
× × × × × × ×
× × × × × × ×
× × × × × × ×
æÆ
× × × × × × ×
× × × × × × ×
(a) Sketch the variation of magnetic flux, the induced current, and power dissipated as Joule
heat as function of time.
(b) If instead of rectangular loop, circular loop is pulled out; do you expect the same value of
induced current? Justify your answer. Sketch the variation of flux in this case with time. 3
Ans. (a)

(i) Variation of magnetic (ii) Variation of induced (iii) Variation of power

flux with function of current with function dissipated
time of time (as Joule’s heat)
with function of time

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 (b) In case of circular coil, rate of change of area of the loop during its passage
out of field is not constant, hence induced current varies accordingly.
Variation of magnetic flux with time for circular coil.

Q.27. A variable resistor R is connected across a cell of emf E and internal resistance r.
(a) Draw the circuit diagram.
(b) Plot the graph showing variation of potential drop across R as function of R.
(c) At what value of R current in circuit will be maximum. 3

Ans. (a) Circuit Diagram:

(b) Graph potential drop V across ‘R’ as a function of ‘R’:

(c) Maximum current drawn will be at R = 0 (zero).

Or
A storage battery is of emf 8V and internal resistance 0.5 ohm is being charged by d.c. supply
of 120 V using a resistor of 15.5 ohm.

s
(a) Draw the circuit diagram.

Da
(b) Calculate the potential difference across the battery.

Shiv
(c) What is the purpose of having series resistance in this circuit?
Ans. Given. Emf of battery (E) = 8V; Internal resistance (r) = 0.5 ohm
Voltage of d.c. supply (V) = 120 V; Resistor (R) = 15.5 ohm

(a)

(b) Calculation of potential difference across the battery:

V’ = V – E = (120 – 8) = 112 V
V’ 112 112
Current (I) = R + r = (15.5 + 0.5) = 16 = 7A

Potential drop across battery (E’) = (E + Ir) = 8 + (7 × 0.5) = 8 + 3.5 = 11.5 V

(c) Series resistor limits the current drawn from the source.
Q.28. (a) Explain de-Broglie argument to propose his hypothesis. Show that de-Broglie wavelength
of photon equals electromagnetic radiation.
(b) If, deuterons and alpha particle are accelerated through same potential, find the ratio of
the associated de-Broglie wavelengths of two. 3
Ans. (a) The wave nature of light (electro-magnetic radiations) was shown and confirmed by the
phenomena of interference, diffraction and polarisation, while on the other hand in photo-
electric effect and crompton effect, (which involve energy and momentum transfer) the
radiation behaves as if it is made up of a bunch of particles photons.
If the radiation has a dual (wave-particle) nature, then de-Broglie argued that particles
(electrons, protons, etc.) also exhibit wave-like character.
h
de-Broglie equation states l = ...(i)
p

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 hv h C
While for photon, p = \ = =l ...(ii)
C p v
Equations (i) and (ii) indicate that de-Broglie wavelength of photon equals to that of
electromagnetic radiation.
h
(b) From de-Broglie relation, we have, l =
mv
h h
ld = ...(i) la = ...(ii)
md vd mα vα
Because both the particles are accelerated through the same potential V, kinetic energy of the
both will be the same.
Ed = E a
1
m v 2 = 1 m a va 2
2 d d 2
vd2 ma vd ma
= =
va2 md or va md ...(iii)
Dividing (i) by (ii), we get
ld m a va m a md
=
l a = m d vd m d ma
...[From (iii)

ma 2m d 2
= = = ...[∵
∵ ma = 2md
md md 1

ld : la : : 2 :1

Das
Shiv
Or
State the main implications of observations obtained from various photoelectric experiments.
Can these implications be explained by wave nature of light? Justify your answer.
Ans. Experimental features and observations of photoelectric effect:
(i) For a given photosensitive material and frequency of incident radiation (above the threshold
frequency), the photoelectric current is directly proportional to the intensity of incident light.
(ii) For a given photosensitive material and frequency of incident radiation, saturation current is
found to be proportional to the intensity of incident radiation whereas the stopping potential
is independent of its intensity.
(iii) For a given photosensitive material, there exists a certain minimum cut-off frequency of the
incident radiation, called the threshold frequency, below which no emission of
photoelectrons takes place, no matter how intense the incident light is. Above the threshold
frequency, the stopping potential or equivalently the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted
photoelectrons increases linearly with the frequency of the incident radiation, but is
independent of its intensity.
(iv) The photoelectric emission is an instantaneous process without any apparent time lag (~10–9
s or less), even when the incident radiation is made exceedingly dim.
Wave theory cannot explain photoelectric effect:
(a) According to the wave picture of light, the free electrons at the surface of the metal (over
which the beam of radiation falls) absorb the radiant energy continuously. The greater the
intensity of radiation, the greater are the amplitude of electric and magnetic fields.
Consequently, the greater the intensity, the greater should be the energy absorbed by each
electron. In this picture, the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons on the surface is
then expected to increase with increase in intensity. Also, no matter what the frequency of
radiation is, a sufficiently intense beam of radiation (over sufficient time) should be able to
impart enough energy to the electrons, so that they exceed the minimum energy needed to
escape from the metal surface. A threshold frequency, therefore, should not exist. These
expectations of the wave theory directly contradict observations (i), (ii) and (iii) given above.
(b) In the wave picture, the absorption of energy by electrons takes place continuously over the
entire wavefront of the radiation. Since a large number of electrons absorb energy, the
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 energy absorbed per electron per unit time turns out to be small. Explicit calculations
estimate that it can take hours or more for a single electron to pick up sufficient energy to
overcome the work function and come out of the metal. This conclusion is again in striking
contrast to observation (iv) that the photoelectric emission is instantaneous.
In short, the wave picture is unable to explain the most basic features of photo-electric
emission.
Q.29. Derive an expression for the frequency of radiation emitted when a hydrogen atom de-excites
from level n to level (n – 1). Also show that for large values of n, this frequency equals to
classical frequency of revolution of an electron. 3
Ans. Total energy of electron in Bohr’s stationary orbit—K.E which is due to velocity and P.E. due to
position of electron. From the first postulate of Bohr’s atom model,
mv 2 KZe 2 1 2 1 KZe 2
= 2 \ mv =
r r 2 2 r
1 KZe 2
i.e., K.E. of electron = mv2 = ...(i)
2 2r
KZe
Potential due to the nucleus =
r
\ P.E. of electron = Potential × Charge
KZe( − e ) − KZe2
= = ...(ii)
r r
P.E. of electron in the orbit, E = K.E. + P.E.
KZe 2 ⎛ − KZe 2 ⎞ 1 KZe 2 KZe 2 KZe 2

s
= + ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ = − =−

a
2r r 2 r r 2r

D
n2 h 2

Shiv
Putting the value of r = , we get ...[By Bohr’s formula
4p 2 mKZe 2
KZe 2 4p 2 mKZe 2 2 p 2 mK 2 Z 2 e 4
E=– ¥ = -
2 n2 h 2 n2 h 2
Frequency (ν) of emitted radiations, when de-exites from level ‘n’ to level ‘(n–1)’.
2 p 2 mK 2 Z 2 e 4 È 1 1 ˘ 2 p 2 mK 2 Z 2 e 4 È n 2 - (n2 - 2 n + 1) ˘
ν= Í - 2˙ fi ν= Í ˙
h3 ÎÍ ( n - 1) 2
n ˙˚ h3 ÎÍ ( n - 1)2 n2 ˚˙
2 p 2 mK 2 Z 2 e 4 È 2 n - 1 ˘
ν= Í 2 2˙
h3 ÎÍ (n - 1) n ˚˙
2 p 2 mK 2 Z2 e 4 n 2 p 2 mK 2 Z 2 e 4
For large values of ‘n’, ν = 3
¥ 4 = ¥ n3
h n h3
n
This equals the classical frequency of revolution of an electron νclassical =
2 pr
Q.30. (a) Give one point of difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
(b) Suppose we consider fission of a 56 28
26 Fe into two equal fragments of 13 Al nucleus. Is the
fission energetically possible? Justify your answer by working out Q value of the process.
Given (m) 56 28
26 Fe = 55.93494 u and (m) 13 Al = 27.98191 3
Ans. (a) Difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. In nuclear fission a heavy nucleus
breaks up into smaller nuclei accompanied by release of energy; whereas in nuclear fusion
two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus accompanied by release of energy.
E = Dm x c2
(b) Given: mass of 56 26 Fe (m1) = 55.93494 amu; mass of 28
13 Al (m2) = 27.98191 amu
56
Æ 2 28
26 Fe ææ 13 Al + Q
Q = 2 (m2) – m1
= (2 × 27.98191) – 55.93494 = 55.96382 – 55.93494 = 0.02888 amu
= 0.02888 × 931.5 = 26.90 meV ...[∵
∵ 1 amu = 931.5 meV

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 SECTION-E
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one.
Q.31. (a) State Gauss’s law in electrostatics. Using this law derive an expression for the electric field
due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet. 2s –2s s
(b) In the figure there are three infinite long thin sheets having surface
charge density +2s, -2s and +s respectively. Give the magnitude
and direction of electric field at a point to the left of sheet of charge A B C D
density +2s and to the right of sheet of charge density +s. 5
1
Ans. (a) Gauss’ Law states that the total flux through a closed surface is ε times
0
Æ Æ q
the net charge enclosed by fE = vÚ E.d S = e0 .
Let s be the surface charge density (charge per unit area) of
the given sheet and let P be a point at distance r from the
Æ
sheet where we have to find E .
Choosing point P’, symmetrical with P on the other side of
the sheet, let us draw a Gaussian cylindrical surface cutting
through the sheet as shown in the diagram. As at the
Æ Æ
cylindrical part of the Gaussian surface, E and d S are at a right angle, the only surfaces
Æ Æ
having E and d S parallel are the plane ends.
Æ Æ Æ Æ Æ

s
\ vÚ E = vÚ E.d S + vÚ E.d S ...[As E is outgoing from both plane ends, the flux is positive.

v Da
vÚ EdS + vÚ EdS = EA + EA = 2EA

Shi
This is the total flux through the Gaussian surface.
q
Using Gauss’ law, fE =
E0
q sA
\ 2 EA = = ...[As q = s A
e0 e0
s
\ E = 2e
0
This value is independent of r. Hence, the electric field intensity is same for all points near
the charged sheet. This is called uniform electric field intensity.
Æ Æ q
(b) As per gauss’ law flux fE = vÚ E. d S = ε0
Ê 2s 2s sˆ s
E = (E1 + E2 + E3) = ÁË e - e + e ˜¯ = e
0 0 0 0

s
(i) Net electric field towards left = e (left)
0
s
(ii) Net electric field towards right = e (right)
0
Or
(a) Define an ideal electric dipole. Give an example.
(b) Derive an expression for the torque experienced by an electric dipole in a uniform electric
field. What is net force acting on this dipole.
(c) An electric dipole of length 2 cm is placed with its axis making an angle of 60∞ with re-
spect to uniform electric field of 105 N/C.
If it experiences a torque of 8 3 Nm, calculate the (i) magnitude of charge on the dipole,
and (ii) its potential energy.
Ans. (a) Electric dipole. A system of two equal and opposite charges (q and –q) separated by a certain
distance (2a). For example, bar magnet.

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 (b) Derivation of torque. Consider an electric dipole
consisting of charges +q and –q and of length 2a placed
Æ
in a uniform electric field E making an angle q with it.
It has a dipole moment of magnitude, p = q × 2a.
Force exerted on charge +q by field,
Æ Æ Æ
E = q E (along E )
Æ Æ
Force exerted on charge –q by field, E = q E
Æ
(opposite to E )
Æ Æ Æ
\ F total = +q E – q E = 0
Hence the net translating force on a dipole in a uniform electric field is zero. But the two
equal and opposite forces act at different points of the dipole. They form a couple which
exerts a torque.
Torque = Either force × Perpendicular distance between the two forces
t = qE × 2a sin q fi t = pE sin q ...[∵ ∵ p = q × 2a; p is dipole moment
Æ Æ Æ
As the direction of torque t is perpendicular to both p and E ,
Æ Æ Æ
So we can write, t = p × E .
It may be noted that net force acting on electric this electric dipole is zero.
(c) Given: Length of electric dipole (2a) = 2 cm π 2 × 10–2 m; angle of inclination (q) = 60º;
Electric field (E) = 105 N/C; Torque (t) = 8 3 Nm
To find out: (i) charge (q) = ?

as
(ii) Potential Energy (PE) = ?

D
We know that, t = qE 2a sin q

\ q=

∵
t
=

Shiv
8 3
E 2 a sin q 10 5 ¥ (2 ¥ 10 -2 ) ¥ sin 60

cos 60° =
1
2
= 5
8 3
10 ¥ (2 ¥ 10 -2 ) ¥ ( 3 / 2)
= 8 × 10–3 C

Potential Energy = (q × 2a) (E) cos q = (8 × 10–3) × (2 × 10–2) × (105) × cos 60∞ = 8J
Q.32. (a) Derive the expression for the current flowing in an ideal capacitor and its reactance when
connected to an ac source of voltage V = V0 sin wt.
(b) Draw its phasor diagram.
(c) If resistance is added in series to capacitor what changes will occur in the current flowing
in the circuit and phase angle between voltage and current. 5
Ans. (a) V = V0 sin wt; Q = CV = CV0 sin wt
dq Ê pˆ
I= = wC V0 cos wt = I0 sin Ë wt + 2 ¯
dt
p
Current leads the voltage, in phase, by
2
1
and Capacitive reactance (XC) =
ωc

(b)

Curve B → Voltage; Curve C → Current

Curve A → Power consumption over a full cycle
p
Reason. The current leads the voltage in phase, by a plane angle of 2 , for capacitor.

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 (c) Series combination of ‘R’ and ‘C’:

Expression for impedance and phase angle: A resistor and a capacitor are connected in series
to a source of alternating current, V = V0 sin wt.
Let ‘I’ be the instantaneous value of current in this circuit.
(i) Voltage across ‘R’ = VR = RI (in phase)
(ii) Voltage across ‘C’ = VC = XCI (lags by 90°)

Ê 1 ˆ V Ê 2 1 ˆ
V=
2
OA 2 + OD 2 = VR2 + VL2 = I Á R + ⇒ = R +
Ë (wC)2 ¯˜ T
ÁË (wC)2 ˜¯ = Z
È 1
... Í∵ X c =
Î wC

Which is the effective resistance of L – C circuit and is called its ‘impedance’.

Xc
Phase angle: tan f =
R
Ê 1 ˆ
ÁË ˜

s
Ê X ˆ wC ¯ 1

a
f = tan–1 Á c ˜ = tan–1 \ f = tan–1
Ë R¯ Rw C

D
R

Shiv
Or
(a) State the principle of ac generator.
(b) Explain with the help of a well labelled diagram, its working and obtain the expression
for the emf generated in the coil.
(c) Is it possible to generate emf without rotating the coil? Explain
Ans. (a) Principle of A.C. generator. The working of an ac generator is based on the principle of
electromagnetic induction. When a closed coil is rotated in a uniform magnetic field with its
axis perpendicular to the magnetic field, the magnetic flux linked with the coil changes and
an induced emf and hence a current is set up in it.
(b) Let N = number of turns in the coil;
A = Area of face of each turn,
B = magnitude of the magnetic field,
Æ
q = angle which normal to the coil makes with field B at any
instant t,
w = the angular velocity with which coil rotates. The
magnetic flux linked with the coil at any instant t will be, f
= NAB cos q = NAB cos wt. By Faraday’s flux rule, the
induced emf is given by,
df - d
E=– = NAB (cos wt)
dt dt
E = NAB (sin wt) . w fi E = E0 sin wt w
...where [E0 = NABw
When a load of resistance R is connected across the terminals, a current I flows in the
E E0 sin wt È E
external circuit. I = = = I0 sin wt ...where Í I 0 = 0
R R Î R
(c) It is possible to generate emf without rotating coil, but by rotating magnetic field.
Q.33. (a) Define a wave front.
(b) Draw the diagram to show the shape of plane wave front as they pass through (i) a thin prism
and (ii) a thin convex lens. State the nature of refracted wave front.
(c) Verify Snell’s law of refraction using Huygens’s principle. 5
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 Ans. (a) Wavefront is defined as the continous locus of all such particles of the medium which are
vibrating in the same phase at any instant.
(b) (i) Diagram of wavefront passing through a prism:

(ii) Diagram of wavefront passing through a convex lens:

(c) We take a plane wavefront AB incident at a plane surface

XY. We use secondary wavelets starting at different times.
We get refracted wavefront only when the time taken by
light to travel along different rays from one wavefront to
another is same. We take any arbitrary ray starting from
point ‘P’ on incident wavefront to refracted wavefront at
point ‘Q’. Let total time be ‘t’.
PO OQ AO sin i OC sin r AO sin i (AC - AO)sin r
t= v + v = + = +

s
1 2 v1 v2 v1 v2

Da
AC sin r Ê sin i sin r ˆ
= + AO Á -
v2 ˜¯

v
v2 Ë v1

Shi
As time should be independent of the ray to be considered. The coefficient of AO in the
above equation should be zero.
sin i v1
i.e., sin r = v = 1m2
2
Where 1m2 is called refractive index of medium 2 w.r.t. medium 1. This is Snell’s law of refraction.
Or
(a) State two main considerations taken into account while choosing the objective of astro-
nomical telescope.
(b) Draw a ray diagram of reflecting type telescope. State its magnifying power.
(c) State the advantages of reflecting type telescope over the refracting type.
Ans. (a) The objective of astronomical telescope should be of (i) large aperture and (ii) large focal length.
(b)

Magnifying power (m) = Ratio of focal length of objective and eye piece (f0/fe).
(c) Advantages of reflecting telescope over a refracting telescope:
1. Due to large aperture of the mirror used, the reflecting telescopes have high resolving power.
2. This type of telescope is free from chromatic aberration.
3. The use of paraboloidal mirror reduces the spherical aberration (formation of non-point,
blurred image of a point object).
4. Image formed by reflecting telescope is brighter than refracting telescope.
5. A lens of large aperture tends to be very heavy and therefore difficult to make and
support by its edges. On the other hand, a mirror of equivalent optical quality weighs
less and can be supported over its entire back surface.

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 Series : CBSE / SGP / 2021-01 Code No. 042

Roll No.

• Please check that this question paper contains 5 printed pages.

• Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on
the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
• Please check that this question paper contains 33 questions.
• Please write down the Serial Number of the question before attempting it.
• 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will
be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the students will read the
question paper only and will not write any answer on the answer-book during this
period.

PHYSICS–XII
Sample Guess Paper 1 (Solved)

as
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum marks : 70

D
General Instructions:

iv
(i) All questions are compulsory. There are 33 questions in all.

Sh
(ii) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
(iii) Section A contains ten very short answer questions and four assertion reasoning MCQs of one mark each,
Section B has two case based questions of four marks each, Section C contains nine short answer questions
of two marks each, Section D contains five short answer questions of three marks each and Section E
contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
(iv) There is no overall choice. However internal choice is provided. You have to attempt only one of the choices
in such questions.

SECTION-A
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them.
Q.1. If the radius of the Gaussian surface enclosing a charge is halved, how does the electric flux
through the Gaussian surface change?
Q.2. Name the physical quantity which remains same for microwaves of wavelength 1 mm and UV
radiations of 1600 Å in vacuum.
Or
1
The speed of an electromagnetic wave in a material medium is given by v = , μ being the
με
permeability of the medium and ε its permittivity. How does its frequency change?

Q.3. A beam of α particles projected along +x-axis, experiences a force due to a

magnetic field along the +y-axis. What is the direction of the magnetic field?

Q.4. Two spherical bobs, one metallic and the other of glass, of the same size are allowed to fall freely
from the same height above the ground. Which of the two would reach earlier and why?

PHYSICS—SAMPLE GUESS PAPER 1 (Solved) ✦ 15

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 Or
Why is the use of a.c. voltage preferred over d.c. voltage? Give two reasons.
Q.5. Why is the classical (Rutherford) model for an atom—of electron orbiting around the nucleus—not
able to explain the atomic structure?
Q.6. The figure shows a plot of three curves a, b, c, showing the
variation of photocurrent vs. collector plate potential for three
different intensities I1, I2 and I3 having frequencies v1, v2 and v3
respectively incident on a photosensitive surface.
Point out the two curves for which the incident radiations have
same frequency but different intensities.
Q.7. State the reason, why heavy water is generally used as a moderator in a nuclear reactor.
Or
Name the absorbing material used to control the reaction rate of neutrons in a nuclear reactor.
Q.8. State the reason, why GaAs is most commonly used in making of a solar cell.
Or
Why should a photodiode be operated at a reverse bias?
Q.9. What happens to the width of depletion layer of a p-n junction when it is (i) forward biased, (ii)
reverse biased?
Q.10. What is the difference between an n-type and a p-type intrinsic semiconductor?
For question numbers 11, 12, 13 and 14, two statements are given—one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.

as
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

D
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

iv
(c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false and R is also false.

Sh
Q.11. Assertion (A): Surface charge density of an irregularity shaped conductor is non-uniform.
Reason (R): Surface density is defined as charge per unit area.
Q.12. Assertion (A): In a series combination of capacitors, charge on each capacitor is the same.
Reason (R): In such a combination, voltage across each capacitor is same.
Q.13. Assertion (A): The images formed by total internal reflections are much brighter than those formed
by mirrors or lenses.
Reason (R): There is no loss of intensity in total internal reflection.
Q.14. Assertion (A): Wavefronts obtained from light emitted by a point source in an isotropic medium
are always spherical.
Reason (R): Speed of light in isotropic medium is constant.

SECTION-B
Questions 15 and 16 are Case Study based questions and are compulsory. Attempt any 4 sub parts from
each question. Each question carries 1 mark.
Q.15. Electric Field Lines
The electric field line in an electric field is an imaginary smooth curve along which an isolated free
positive test charge tends to move. The electric field strength at any point is defined as a vector
quantity, whose magnitude is measured by the number of electric field lines passing normally per
unit small area around that point and whose direction is along the tangent on field line drawn on
that point.
(i) The work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinite distance to a point at
distance x from a positive charge Q is W. Then the potential f at that point is
WQ W
(a) (b) W (c) (d) WQ
x x
(ii) The force per unit charge is known as
(a) electric flux (b) electric field (c) electric potential (d) electric current
(iii) Electric field lines provide information about
(a) field strength (b) direction (c) nature of charge (d) all of these
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 (iv) Which of the following figures represent the electric field lines due to a single negative
charge?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(v) A non-uniform electric field is represented by the diagram. At

which of the following points the electric field is greatest in A
C E
magnitude? B
(a) A (b) B D

(c) C (d) D
Q.16. Optical Instruments
Nature has endowed the human eye (retina) as a valuable optical instrument, with the sensitivity
to detect electromagnetic waves within a small range of electromagnetic spectrum of about 400 nm
to 750 nm, which is termed as LIGHT. It is mainly through light and the sense of vision that we
know and interpret the world around us. A number of optical devices and instruments like
periscopes, kaleidoscopes, binoculars, telescopes, microscopes are in common use.
In modern microscopes, multi-component lenses are used for both the objective and eyepiece to
improve the image quality by minimising various spherical aberrations (defects) in lenses. The wave
properties of electrons have been utilised in the design of electron microscope, which is a great
improvement, with higher resolution, over the optical microscope.
The telescopes, both of refracting and reflecting types are used to provide angular magnification of
distant objects. The largest telescope in India is in Kavalur, Tamil Nadu. It is a 2.34 m diameter
reflecting telescope and is being used by Indian Institute of Physics, Bangalore. The largest

as
reflecting telescopes in the world is the Gran Telescopio Canarias in La Palma, Spain with a mirror

D
diameter of 34.2 feet (10.4 meters).

iv
(i) Different objects at different distances are seen by the eye. The parameter that remains

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constant is
(a) the focal length of the eye lens (b) the object distance from the eye lens
(c) the radii of curvature of the eye lens (d) the image distance from the eye lens
(ii) An under-water swimmer cannot see very clearly even in absolutely clear water because of:
(a) absorption of light in water (b) change in focal length of eye lens
(c) reduction of speed of light in water (d) scattering of light in water
(iii) The final image in an astronomical telescope with respect to object is
(a) virtual and erect (b) real and erect
(c) real and inverted (d) virtual and inverted
(iv) A giant refracting telescope at an observatory has an objective lens of focal length 15 m. If
an eye-piece of focal length 1.0 cm is used, what is the angular magnification of the
telescope?
(a) 1000 (b) 1500 (c) 2000 (d) 3000
(v) A giant telescope in an observatory has an objective of focal length 19 m and an eye-piece
of focal length 1.0 cm. In normal adjustment, the telescope is used to view the moon. What
is the diameter of the image of the moon formed by the objective? The diameter of the
moon is 3.5 × 106 m and the radius of the lunar orbit round the earth is 3.8 × 108 m.
(a) 10 cm (b) 12.5 cm (c) 15 cm (d) 17.5 cm

SECTION-C
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one.
Q.17. A proton and an alpha particle having the same kinetic energy are, in turn, passed through a
region of uniform magnetic field, acting normal to the plane of the paper and travel in circular
paths. Deduce the ratio of the radii of the circular paths described by them.
Q.18. Draw the intensity pattern for single slit diffraction and double slit interference. Hence, state two
differences between interference and diffraction patterns.
Q.19. Two point charges 4Q and Q are separated by 1 m in air. At what point on the line joining the
charges is the electric field intensity zero? Also calculate the electrostatic potential energy of the
system of charges, taking the value of charge, Q = 2 × 10–7 C.
PHYSICS—SAMPLE GUESS PAPER 1 (Solved) ✦ 17

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 Or
An electric dipole of length 4 cm, when placed with its axis making an angle of 60° with a uniform
electric field, experiences a torque of 4 3 Nm. Calculate the potential energy of the dipole, if it
has charge ± 8 nC.
Q.20. Distinguish between an intrinsic semiconductor and a p-type semiconductor. Give reason, why, a
p-type semiconductor crystal is electrically neutral although nh >> ne?
Q.21. Derive an expression for the self-inductance of a long air-cored solenoid of length l and number of
turns N.
Q.22. Write the distinguishing features between diffraction and interference phenomena.
Q.23. How is forward biasing different from reverse biasing in a pn junction diode?
Q.24. A magnetic needle free to rotate in a vertical plane parallel to the magnetic meridian has its north
tip down at 60° with the horizontal. The horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field at the
place is known to be 0.4 G. Determine the magnitude of the earth’s magnetic field at the place.
Or
The horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field at a place is B and angle of dip is 60°. What
is the value of vertical component of earth’s magnetic field at equator?
Q.25. Draw a ray diagram of a reflecting type telescope. State two advantages of this telescope over a
refracting telescope.

SECTION-D
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one.
Q.26. The current through two inductors of self-inductance 15 mH and 25 mH is increasing with time at
the same rate. Draw graphs showing the variation of the
(a) emf induced with the rate of change of current.

s
(b) energy stored in each inductor with the current flowing through it.

Da
Compare the energy stored in the coils, if the power dissipated in the coils is the same.

iv
Q.27. State the principle of working of a galvanometer. A galvanometer of resistance G is converted into

h
a voltmeter to measure upto V volts by connecting a resistance R1 in series with the coil. If a

S
resistance R2 is connected in series with it, then it can measure upto V/2 volts. Find the resistance,
in terms of R1 and R2, required to be connected to convert it into a voltmeter that can read upto 2V.
Also find the resistance G of the galvanometer in terms of R1 and R2.
Or
In the two electric circuits shown in the figure, determine the reading of ideal ammeter (A) and the
ideal voltmeter (V).

Q.28. The graphs, drawn here, are for the phenomenon of photoelectric effect.

(a) (b)

(i) Identify which of the two characteristics (intensity/frequency) of incident light, is being kept
constant in each case.
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 (ii) Name the quantity, corresponding to the, mark in each case.
(iii) Justify the existence of a ‘threshold frequency’ for a given photosensitive surface.
Or
Draw a graph showing the variation of deBroglie wavelength of a particle of charge q and mass m
with the accelerating potential. Proton and deuteron have the same de Broglie wave lengths.
Explain which has more kinetic energy.
Q.29. (i) State Bohr’s quantization condition for defining stationary orbits.
How does de-Broglie hypothesis explain the stationary orbits?
(ii) Find the relation between the three wave-lengths l1, l2 and l3 from
the energy level diagram shown in the given diagram.
Q.30. (a) In a typical nuclear reaction, e.g.,
2 + 12 H → 32 He + n + 3.27 MeV
1H
although number of nucleons is conserved, yet energy is released. How? Explain.
(b) Show that nuclear density in a given nucleus is independent of mass number A.

SECTION-E
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them.
Q.31. (a) Define electric flux. Is it a scalar or a vector quantity?
d
A point charge q is at a distance of directly above the centre of a
2
square of side d, as shown in the figure. Use Gauss’ law to obtain the
expression for the electric flux through the square.
(b) If the point charge is now moved to a distance ‘d’ from the centre of

s
the square and the side of the square is doubled, explain how the

Da
electric flux will be affected.

iv
Or

h
Æ
(a) Use Gauss’ law to derive the expression for the electric field (E ) due to a straight uniformly

S
charged infinite line of charge density λ C/m.
(b) Draw a graph to show the variation of E with perpendicular distance r from the line of charge.
(c) Find the work done in bringing a charge q from perpendicular distance r1 to r2 (r2 > r1).
Q.32. An a.c. source generating a voltage v = vm sin ω t is connected to a capacitor of capacitance C. Find
the expression for the current, i, flowing through it. Plot a graph of v and i versus ωt to show that
the current is π/2 ahead of the voltage. A resistor of 200 Ω and a capacitor of 15.0 μF are connected
in series to a 220 V, 50 Hz a.c. source. Calculate the current in the circuit and the rms voltage
across the resistor and the capacitor. Is the algebraic sum of these voltages more than the source
voltage? If yes, resolve the paradox.
Or
Explain briefly, with the help of a labelled diagram, the basic principle of the working of an a.c.
generator. In an a.c. generator, coil of N turns and area A is rotated at v revolutions per second in
a uniform magnetic field B. Write the expression for the emf produced. A 100-turn coil of area 0.1
m2 rotates at half a revolution per second. It is placed in a magnetic field 0.01 T perpendicular to
the axis of rotation of the coil. Calculate the maximum voltage generated in the coil.
Q.33. Draw the labelled ray diagram for the formation of image by a compound microscope.
Derive the expression for the total magnification of a compound microscope. Explain why both the
objective and the eyepiece of a compound microscope must have short focal lengths.
Or
(a) What are coherent sources of light? Two slits in Young’s double slit experiment are
illuminated by two different sodium lamps emitting light of the same wavelength. Why is no
interference pattern observed?
(b) Obtain the condition for getting dark and bright fringes in Young’s experiment. Hence write
the expression for the fringe width.
(c) If s is the size of the source and its distance is a from the plane of the two slits, what should be
the criterion for the interference fringes to be seen?
❒ ❒ ❒ ❒
PHYSICS—SAMPLE GUESS PAPER 1 (Solved) ✦ 19

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Series : CBSE / SGP / 2021-02 Code No. 042

Roll No.

• Please check that this question paper contains 6 printed pages.

• Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on
the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
• Please check that this question paper contains 34 questions.
• Please write down the Serial Number of the question before attempting it.
• 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will
be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the students will read the
question paper only and will not write any answer on the answer-book during this
period.

PHYSICS–XII
Sample Guess Paper 2 (Solved)
Time allowed : 3 hours

Das Maximum marks : 70

iv
General Instructions:

Sh
Same as in Guess Paper 1

SECTION-A
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them.
Q.1. Why do the electric field lines not form closed loops?
Q.2. A plane electromagnetic wave travels in vacuum along z-direction. What can you say about the
direction of electric and magnetic field vectors?
Or
How are radio waves produced?

Q.3. A beam of protons projected along +x-axis, experiences a force due to a

magnetic field along the –y-axis. What is the direction of the magnetic
field?

Q.4. A long straight current carrying wire passes normally through the centre of a circular loop. If the
current through the wire increases, will there be an induced emf in the loop? Justify.
Or
For an ideal inductor, connected across a sinusoidal ac voltage source, state which one of the
following quantity is zero:
(i) Instantaneous power
(ii) Average power over full cycle of the ac voltage source
Q.5. Find the ratio of energies of photons produced due to transition of an electron of hydrogen atom
from its:
(i) second permitted energy level to the first level, and
(ii) the highest permitted energy level to the first permitted level.
Q.6. Show graphically, the variation of the de-Broglie wavelength (l) with the potential (V) through
which an electron is accelerated from rest.

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 Q.7. Two nuclei have mass numbers in the ratio 1 : 2. What is the ratio of their nuclear densities?
Or
Two nuclei have mass numbers in the ratio 1 : 8. What is the ratio of their nuclear radii?

Q.8. The graph shown in the figure represents a plot of current versus voltage
for a given semiconductor. Identify the region, if any, over which the semi-
conductor has a negative resistance.

Or
Distinguish between ‘intrinsic’ and extrinsic’ semiconductors.
Q.9. Write the special purpose p-n junction diodes.
Q.10. Define forward biasing and reverse biasing of p-n junction.
For questions number 11, 12, 13 and 14, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as
given below.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Q.11. Assertion (A): When a body acquires negative charge, its mass decreases.
Reason (R): A body acquires negative charge, when its loses electrons.
Q.12. Assertion (A): If the distance between the parallel plates of a capacitor is halved, then the

s
capacitance is doubled.

Da
Reason (R): The capacitance depends on the introduced dielectric.

v
Q.13. Assertion (A): A convex lens of glass (m = 1.5) behaves as a diverging lens, when immersed in

hi
carbon disulphide of higher refractive index (m = 1.65).

S
Reason (R): A diverging lens is thinner in the middle and thicker at the edges.
Q.14. Assertion (A): When a plane wave passes through a thin prism, emerging wavefront gets tilted.
Reason (R): Speed of light is less in glass than in air.

SECTION-B
Questions 15 and 16 are Case Study based questions and are compulsory. Attempt any 4 sub-parts from
each question. Each question carries 1 mark.
Q.15. Electric Current & Resistance
A simple device to maintain a steady current in an electrical circuit is the simple cell. When no
current is drawn from the cell, the electrolyte has the same potential throughout, and the potential
difference called electromotive force (emf) is denoted by e. It may be noted that emf is actually a
potential difference, and not a force.
The electrolyte, through which current flows has a finite resistance ‘r’ called the internal resistance.
The actual value of internal resistance of cells vary from cell to cell. The resistances can be grouped
in series and parallel combinations.
(i) The direction of the flow of current through electric circuit is
(a) from low potential to high potential. (b) from high potential to low potential.
(c) does not depend upon potential value. (d) current cannot flow through circuit.
(ii) A cell having an emf e and internal resistance r is connected across a variable external
resistance R. As the resistance r is increased, the plot of potential difference V across R is
given by

(a) (b) (c) (d)

PHYSICS—SAMPLE GUESS PAPER 2 (Solved) ✦ 21

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 (iii) In a circuit, a cell with internal resistance r is connected to an external resistance R. The
condition for the maximum current drawn from the cell is
(a) R = r (b) R < r (c) R > r (d) R = 0
(iv) If n cells each of emf e and internal resistance r are connected in parallel, the total emf and
internal resistances will be
r r
(a) e, (b) e, nr (c) ne, (d) ne, nr
n n
(v) Given Figures (a) and (b) both show the variation of resistivity (r) with temperature (T) for
some materials. Identify the type of the materials.

(a) Conductor and semiconductor (b) Conductor and Insulator

(c) Insulator and semiconductor (d) Both are conductors
Q.16. Refraction of light
When a beam of light encounters another transparent medium, a part of light gets reflected back
into first medium, while the rest enters the other. A ray of light represents a beam. The direction of

s
propagation of an obliquely incident ray of light that enters the other medium, changes at the

a
interface of the two media. This phenomenon is called Refraction of Light.

v D
Snell had experimentally obtained the laws of refraction. The refracted ray bends towards the

hi
normal, when it passes from rarer to denser medium. Also, the refracted ray moves away from the

S
normal, when incident ray in a denser medium refracts into a rarer medium.
The refraction of light through the atmosphere is responsible for many interesting phenomena
such as advanced sunrise and delayed sunset is due to atmospheric refraction.
The refraction at spherical surfaces like lenses and prisms etc. have wide applications in our daily
life.
(i) Refraction of light from air to glass and from air to water are shown in Fig. (1) and Fig. (2)
below. The value of the angle q in the case of refraction as shown in Fig. (3) will be

q
35∞ 60∞ Glass
Air
Glass Water Water
Air 41∞
41∞
60∞

Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3

(a) 30∞ (b) 35∞ (c) 60∞ (d) 41∞

(ii) A ray of light strikes a transparent rectangular slab of refractive index 2 at an angle of
incidence of 45°. The angle between the reflected and refracted rays is
(a) 75∞ (b) 90∞ (c) 105∞ (d) 120∞
(iii) A double convex lens, made of a material of refractive index m1, is placed inside two
liquids of refractive indices m2 and m3 as shown. m1 > m2 > m3. A wide, parallel beam of light
is incident on the lens from the left. The lens will give rise to

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 (a) a single convergent beam (b) two different convergent beams
(c) two different divergent beams (d) a convergent and a divergent beam.
(iv) A convex lens is dipped in a liquid whose refractive index is equal to the refractive index
of the lens. Then its focal length will
(a) become zero (b) become infinite
(c) become small, but non-zero (d) remain unchanged
(v) A converging lens is used to form an image on a screen. When the upper half of the lens is
covered by an opaque screen,
(a) half the image will disappear (b) complete image will disappear
(c) intensity of image will decrease (d) intensity of image will increase

SECTION-C
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them.
Q.17. (a) In what respect is a toroid different from a solenoid? Draw and compare the pattern of the
magnetic field lines in the two cases.
(b) How is the magnetic field inside a given solenoid made strong?
Q.18. A parallel beam of light of 600 nm falls on a narrow slit and the resulting diffraction pattern is
observed on a screen 1.2 m away. It is observed that the first minimum is at a distance of 3 mm
from the centre of the screen. Calculate the width of the slit.
Q.19. Derive the expression for the electric potential at any point along the axial line of an electric dipole.
Or
Æ Æ
An electric dipole of dipole moment p , is placed in a uniform electric field E . Deduce the
Æ
expression for the torque t acting on it.

s
Q.20. Draw the circuit diagram of an illuminated photodiode in reverse bias. How is photodiode used to

Da
measure light intensity?

v
Q.21. Two identical loops, one of copper and the other of aluminium, are rotated with the same angular

hi
speed in the same magnetic field. Compare (i) the induced emf and (ii) the current produced in the

S
two coils. Justify your answer.
Q.22. For a single slit of width “a”, the first minimum of the interference pattern of a monochromatic
l l
light of wavelength l occurs at an angle of . At the same angle of , we get a maximum for two
a a
narrow slits separated by a distance ‘a’. Explain.
Q.23. (a) Why are Si and GaAs preferred materials for fabrication in solar cells?
(b) Draw V–I characteristic of solar cell and mention its significance.
Q.24. Current flows through a circular loop. Depict the north and south pole of its equivalent magnetic
dipole.
Or
Is the steady electric current the only source of magnetic field? Justify your answer.
Q.25. The radii of curvature of the faces of a double convex lens are 10 cm and 15 cm. If focal length of
the lens is 12 cm, find the refractive index of the material of the lens.

SECTION-D
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them.
Q.26. (a) A rod of length l is moved horizontally with a uniform velocity ‘v’ in a direction
perpendicular to its length through a region in which a uniform magnetic field is acting
vertically downward. Derive the expression for the emf induced across the ends of the rod.
(b) How does one understand this motional emf by invoking the Lorentz force acting on the free
charge carriers of the conductor? Explain.
Q.27. Write the principle of working of a potentiometer. Describe briefly, with the help of a circuit
diagram, how a potentiometer is used to determine the internal resistance of a given cell.
Or
Answer the following:
(a) Why are the connections between the resistors in a meter bridge made of thick copper strips?
(b) Why is it generally preferred to obtain the balance point in the middle of the meter bridge
wire?
(c) Which material is used for the meter bridge wire and why?
PHYSICS—SAMPLE GUESS PAPER 2 (Solved) ✦ 23

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Q.28. (a) Write the important properties of photons which are used to establish Einstein’s photoelectric
equation.
(b) Use this equation to explain the concept of (i) threshold frequency and (ii) stopping
potential.
Or
The given graph shows the variation of photocurrent for a photo-
sensitive metal:
(a) Identify the variable X on the horizontal axis.
(b) What does the point A on the horizontal axis represent?
(c) Draw this graph for three different values of frequencies of
incident radiation v1, v2 and v3 (v1 > v2 > v3) for same intensity.
(d) Draw this graph for three different values of intensities of incident radiation I1, I2 and I3 (I1
> I2 > I3) having same frequency.
Q.29. In the ground state of hydrogen atom, its Bohr radius is given as 5.3 × 10–11 m. The atom is excited
such that the radius becomes 21.2 × 10–11 m. Find
(i) the value of the principal quantum number and
(ii) the total energy of the atom in this excited state.
Q.30. (a) In a nuclear reaction 23 He + 23 He Æ 24 He + 11 H + 11 H + 12.86 MeV , though the number of
nucleons is con-served on both sides of the reaction, yet the energy is released. How? Explain.
(b) Draw a plot of potential energy between a pair of nucleons as a function of their separation.
Mark the regions where potential energy is (i) positive and (ii) negative.

SECTION-E

s
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them.

Da
Q.31. (a) When a parallel plate capacitor is connected across a dc battery, explain briefly how the

iv
capacitor gets charged.

h
(b) A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance ‘C’ is charged to ‘V’ volt by a battery. After some

S
time the battery is disconnected and the distance between the plates is doubled. Now a slab
of dielectric constant 1 < k < 2 is introduced to fill the space between the plates.
How will the following be affected?
(i) The electric field between the plates of the capacitor.
(ii) The energy stored in the capacitor.
Justify your answer in each case.
(c) The electric potential as a function of distance ‘x’ is shown in the figure. Draw a graph of the
electric field E as a function of x.

Or
(a) Derive an expression for the potential energy of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field.
Explain conditions for stable and unstable equilibrium.
(b) Is the electrostatic potential necessarily zero at a point where the electric field is zero? Give
an example to support your answer.
Q.32. (a) Derive an expression for the average power consumed in a series LCR circuit connected to
a.c. source in which the phase difference between the voltage and the current in the circuit is
f.
(b) Define the quality factor in an a.c. circuit. Why should the quality factor have high value in
receiving circuits? Name the factors on which it depends.
Or

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 (a) Derive the relationship between the peak and the rms value of current in an a.c. circuit.
(b) Describe briefly, with the help of a labelled diagram, working of a step-up transformer. A
step-up transformer converts a low voltage into high voltage. Does it not violate the
principle of conservation of energy? Explain.
Q.33. (a) Explain with reason, how the power of a diverging lens changes when
(i) it is kept in a medium of refractive index greater than that of the lens,
(ii) incident red light is replaced by violet light.
(b) Three lenses L1, L2, L3 each of focal length 30 cm are placed co-axially as shown in the figure.
An object is held at 60 cm from the optic centre of Lens L1. The final real image is formed at
the focus of L3. Calculate the separation between (i) (L1 and L2) and (ii) (L2 and L3).

Or
(a) State Huygen’s principle. Using this principle explain how a diffraction pattern is obtained
on a screen due to a narrow slit on which a narrow beam coming from a monochromatic
source of light is incident normally.
(b) Show that the angular width of the first diffraction fringe is half of that of the central fringe.
(c) If a monochromatic source of light is replaced by white light, what change would you
observe in the diffraction pattern?

❒ ❒ ❒ ❒

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 Series : CBSE / SGP / 2021-03 Code No. 042

Roll No.

• Please check that this question paper contains 5 printed pages.

• Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on
the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
• Please check that this question paper contains 33 questions.
• Please write down the Serial Number of the question before attempting it.
• 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will
be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the students will read the
question paper only and will not write any answer on the answer-book during this
period.

PHYSICS–XII
Sample Guess Paper 3 (Solved)

as
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum marks : 70

D
General Instructions:

iv
Same as in Sample Guess Paper 1 (Solved).

Sh SECTION-A
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them.
Q.1. Does the charge given to a metallic sphere depend on whether it is hollow or solid? Give reason
for your answer.
Q.2. Name the part of electromagnetic spectrum whose wavelength lies in the range of 10–10 m. Give
its one use.
Or
How is the speed of em-waves in vacuum determined by the electric and magnetic fields?
→
Q.3. Write the expression, in a vector form, for the Lorentz magnetic force F due to a charge moving
→ →
with velocity V in a magnetic field B .What is the direction of the magnetic force?
Q.4. A light metal disc on the top of an electromagnet is thrown up as the current is switched on. Why?
Give reason.
Or
Two bar magnets are quickly moved towards a metallic loop connected
across a capacitor ‘C’ as shown in the figure. Predict the polarity of the
capacitor.
Q.5. The radius of innermost electron orbit of a hydrogen atom is 5.3 × 10–11 m. What is the radius of
orbit in the second excited state?
1
Q.6. Figure shows a plot of V
, where V is the accelerating potential, vs. the de-
Broglie wavelength ‘l’ in the case of two particles having same charge ‘q’
but different masses m1 and m2. Which line (A or B) represents a particle of
larger mass?
Q.7. State two characteristic properties of nuclear force.
Or
Two nuclei have mass number in the ratio 1 : 3. What is the ratio of their nuclear densities?

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 Q.8. The current in the forward bias is known to be more (~mA) than the current in the reverse bias
(~mA). What is the reason, then, to operate the photodiode in reverse bias?
Or

Name the junction diode whose I-V characteristics are drawn here:

Q.9. What is the difference between an n-type and a p-type intrinsic semiconductor?
Q.10. What happens to the width of depletion layer of a p-n junction when it is (i) forward biased, (ii)
reverse biased?
For question numbers 11, 12, 13 and 14, two statements are given—one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false and R is also false.
Q.11. Assertion (A): The force with which two charges attract or repel each other are not affected by the
presence of a third charge kept at a long distance.
Reason (R): Force on any charge due to a number of other charges is the vector sum of all the
forces on that charge due to other charges, taken one at a time.
Q.12. Assertion (A): The potential difference between two conductors of a capacitor is small.

s
Reason (R): A capacitor is so configured that it confines the electric field lines within a small

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region of space.

iv
Q.13. Assertion (A): Combination of lenses helps to obtain diverging or converging lenses of desired

h
magnification.

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Reason (R): It enhances sharpness of the image.
Q.14. Assertion (A): In Young’s double slit experiment, interference pattern disappears when one of the
slits is closed.
Reason (R): Interference occurs due to superimposition of light waves from two coherent sources.

SECTION-B
Questions 15 and 16 are Case Study based questions and are compulsory. Attempt any 4 sub-parts from
each question. Each question carries 1 mark.
Q.15. Capacitors & Capacitance
A capacitor is a system of two conductors separated by an insulator. These two conductors may be
charged by connecting them to a battery. It may be noted that the charge is on one of the
conductors—the total charge of the capacitor is zero.
The potential difference (V) is directly proportional to the charge (Q) and the ratio (Q/V) is a
constant (C), which is called the capacitance of capacitor.
These capacitors can be combined in series, parallel and mixed combinations depending upon the
requirement of specific values of capacitance.
(i) The magnitude of electric field E in the annular region of a charged cylindrical capacitor:
(a) is the same throughout.
(b) is higher near the outer cylinder than near the inner cylinder.
1
(c) varies as where r is the distance from the axis.
r2
1
(d) varies as 3 where r is the distance from the axis.
r
mF capacitor shown in the figure is:
(ii) The charge on 3m
(a) 2 mC
(b) 10 mC
(c) 6 mC
(d) 8 mC
PHYSICS—SAMPLE GUESS PAPER 3 (Solved) ✦ 27

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 (iii) Two identical capacitors are joined in parallel, charged to a potential V, separated and then
connected in series, the positive plate of one is connected to the negative of the other.
Which of the following is true?
(a) The charges on the free plates connected together are destroyed.
(b) The energy stored in the system increases.
(c) The potential difference between the free plates is 2V.
(d) The potential difference remains constant.
(iv) A parallel plate capacitor is made by placing n equally spaced plates connected
alternatively. If the capacitance between any two adjacent plates is C then the resultant
capacitance is
C
(a) nC (b) n (c) (n + 1)C (d) (n – 1)C
(v) A parallel plate air capacitor is charged to a potential difference of V volts. After
disconnecting the charging battery the distance between the plates of the capacitor is
increased using an insulating handle. As a result the potential difference between the plates
(a) increases (b) decreases
(c) does not change (d) becomes zero
Q.16. Huygens’ Principle
The corpuscular (particle) model of light was developed by Sir Isaac Newton; while in 1678, the
Dutch physicist Huygens put forward the wave theory of light. The wave model of light could
satisfactorily explain the phenomena of Reflection and Refraction. A locus of points, which
oscillate in phase is called a wavefront, which is defined as a surface of constant phase. Huygens’
principle is used to determine the shape of the wave front. The laws of reflection and refraction

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can be derived from Huygens’ Principle.

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(i) When a low flying aircraft passes overhead, we sometimes notice a slight shaking of the

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picture on our TV screen. This is because of .............. between the direct signal and

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reflected signal. (Fill in the blank)
(a) interference (b) diffraction
(c) polarisation of direct signal (d) Both (b) and (c)
(ii) The refractive index of glass is 1.5 for light waves of l = 6000 Å in vacuum. Its wavelength
in glass is:
(a) 2000 Å (b) 4000 Å (c) 1000 Å (d) 3000Å
(iii) Spherical wavefronts, emanating from a point source, strike a plane reflecting surface.
What will happen to these wave fronts, immediately after reflection?
(a) They will remain spherical with the same curvature, both in magnitude and sign.
(b) They will become plane wave fronts.
(c) They will remain spherical, with the same curvature, but sign of curvature reversed.
(d) They will remain spherical, but with different curvature, both in magnitude and sign.
(iv) Light propagates rectilinearly due to:
(a) wave nature (b) wavelengths (c) velocity (d) frequency
(v) A plane wave passes through a convex lens. The geometrical shape of the wave-front that
emerges is:
(a) plane (b) diverging spherical
(c) converging spherical (d) none of these

SECTION-C
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choice, attempt any one.
Q.17. State Biot-Savart law. A current I flows in a conductor placed
→
perpendicular to the plane of the paper. Indicate the direction of d l
→
the magnetic field due to a small element dl at point P situated at
→
a distance r from the element as shown in the figure.
→
X

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 Q.18. A parallel beam of light of 500 nm falls on a narrow slit and the resulting diffraction pattern is
observed on a screen 1 m away. It is observed that the first minimum is at a distance of 2.5 mm
from the centre of the screen. Calculate the width of the slit.
Q.19. Two point charges 20 × 10–6 C and –4 × 10–6 C are separated by a distance of 50 cm in air.
(i) Find the point on the line joining the charges, where the electric potential is zero.
(ii) Also find the electrostatic potential energy of the system.
Or

Calculate the work done to dissociate the system of three charges placed on
the vertices of a triangle as shown.

Q.20. Mention the important considerations required while fabricating a p-n junction diode to be used
as a Light Emitting Diode (LED). What should be the order of band gap of an LED if it is
required to emit light in the visible range?
Q.21. Define self-inductance of a coil. Show that magnetic energy required to build up the current I in
1
a coil of self inductance L is given by 2 LI2.
Q.22. Answer the following questions :
(i) In what way is diffraction from each slit related to the interference pattern in a double slit
experiment?
(ii) When a tiny circular obstacle is placed in the path of light from a distance source, a bright spot
is seen at the centre of the shadow of the obstacle. Explain, why?

Das
Q.23. Assuming that the two diodes D1 and D2 used in the electric circuit

iv
shown in the figure are ideal, find out the value of the current

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flowing through 1 W resistor.

Q.24. A straight wire extending from east to west falls with a speed v at right angles to the horizontal
component of the Earth’s magnetic field. Which end of the wire would be at the higher electrical
potential and why?
Or
Where on the surface of Earth is the Earth’s magnetic field perpendicular to the surface of the
Earth?
Q.25. A ray of light passes through an equilateral prism in such a way that the angle of incidence is
equal to the angle of emergence and each of these angles is 3/4 times the angle of the prism.
Determine—(i) the angle of deviation and (ii) the refractive index of the prism.

SECTION-D
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one.
1
Q.26. Starting from the expression for the energy W = 2 LI2, stored in a solenoid of
self-inductance L to build up the current I, obtain the expression for the
magnetic field B, area A and length l of the solenoid having n number of turns
per unit length. Hence show that the energy density is given by B2/2m0.

Q.27. (i) Calculate the equivalent resistance of the given electrical network between points A and B.
(ii) Also calculate the current through CD and ACB, if a 10 V d.c. source is connected between A
and B, and the value of R is assumed as 2 W.
Q.28. Define the terms—(i) ‘cut-off voltage’ and (ii) ‘threshold frequency’ in relation to the
phenomenon of photoelectric effect.
Using Einstein’s photoelectric equation show how the cut-off voltage and threshold frequency for
a given photosensitive material can be determined with the help of a suitable plot/graph.
Or
PHYSICS—SAMPLE GUESS PAPER 3 (Solved) ✦ 29

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 Sketch the graph showing variation of stopping potential with frequency of incident radiations for
two photosensitive materials A and B having threshold frequencies vA > vB.
(i) In which case is the stopping potential more and why?
(ii) Does the slope of the graph depend on the nature of the material used? Explain.

Q.29. (a) The energy levels of an atom are as shown here. Which of
them will result in the transition of a photon of wavelength
275 nm?
(b) Which transition corresponds to emission of radiation of maximum wavelength?
Q.30. Draw a plot of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their separations. Mark the
regions where the nuclear force is (i) attractive and (ii) repulsive. Write any two characteristic
features of nuclear forces.

SECTION-E
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one.
Q.31. (a) State the working principle of a potentiometer. With the help of the circuit diagram, explain
how a potentiometer is used to compare the emfs of two primary cells. Obtain the required
expression used for comparing the emfs.
(b) Write two possible causes for one sided deflection in a potentiometer experiment.
Or
(i) Define the term drift velocity.
(ii) On the basis of electron drift, derive an expression for resistivity of a conductor in terms of
number density of free electrons and relaxation time. On what factors does resistivity of a

as
conductor depend?

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(iii) Why alloys like constantan and manganin are used for making standard resistors?

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Q.32. Derive an expression for the impedance of a series LCR circuit connected to an AC supply of

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variable frequency.
Plot a graph showing variation of current with the frequency of the applied voltage. Explain
briefly how the phenomenon of resonance in the circuit can be used in the tuning mechanism of
a radio or a TV set.
Or
(a) Explain with the help of a labelled diagram, the principle and working of a transformer.
Deduce the expression for its working formula.
(b) Name any four causes of energy loss in an actual transformer.
Q.33. (a) A ray ‘PQ’ of light is incident on the face AB of a glass prism ABC (as
shown in the figure) and emerges out of the face AC. Trace the path of
the ray. Show that –i + e = –A + –δ. where δ and e denote the angle of
deviation and angle of emergence respectively. Plot a graph showing
the variation of the angle of deviation as a function of angle of
incidence. State the condition under which –δ is minimum.
(b) Find out the relation between the refractive index (μ) of the glass prism and –A for the case
when the angle of prism (A) is equal to the angle of minimum deviation (δm). Hence obtain
the value of the refractive index for angle of prism A = 60°.
Or
(a) (i) “Two independent monochromatic sources of light cannot produce a sustained
interference pattern”. Give reason.
(ii) Light waves each of amplitude ‘a’ and frequency ‘ω’, emanating from two coherent
light sources superpose at a point. If the displacements due to these waves is given by
y1 = a cos ωt and y2 = a cos(ωt + φ) where φ is the phase difference between the two,
obtain the expression for the resultant intensity at the point.
(b) In Young’s double slit experiment, using monochromatic light of wavelength λ, the intensity
of light at a point on the screen where path difference is λ, is K units. Find out the intensity
of light at a point where path difference is λ/3.
❒ ❒ ❒ ❒
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Series : CBSE / SGP / 2021-04 Code No. 042

Roll No.

• Please check that this question paper contains 5 printed pages.

• Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on
the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
• Please check that this question paper contains 33 questions.
• Please write down the Serial Number of the question before attempting it.
• 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will
be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the students will read the
question paper only and will not write any answer on the answer-book during this
period.

PHYSICS–XII
Sample Guess Paper 4 (Solved)

as
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum marks : 70

D
General Instructions:

iv
Same as in Sample Guess Paper 1 (Solved).

Sh SECTION-A
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them.
Q.1. Which orientation of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field would correspond to stable
equilibrium?
Q.2. Which part of electromagnetic spectrum is absorbed from sunlight by ozone layer?
Or
Do electromagnetic waves carry energy and momentum?
Q.3. Write the condition under which an electron will move undeflected in the presence of crossed
electric and magnetic fields.
Q.4. Predict the direction of induced current in a metal ring when the ring is
moved towards a straight conductor with constant speed v. The conductor
is carrying current I in the direction shown in the figure.
Or
A heating element is marked 210 V, 630 W. Find the resistance of the element when connected to a
210 V dc source.
Q.5. What is the ratio of radii of the orbits corresponding to first excited state and ground state in a
hydrogen atom?
Q.6. State one reason to explain why wave theory of light does not suppo rt photoelectric effect.
Q.7. Two nuclei have mass numbers in the ratio 8 : 125. What is the ratio of their nuclear radii?
Or
Write any two characteristic properties of nuclear force.
Q.8. What is the function of a photodiode?
Or
What happens to the width of depletion layer of a p-n junction when it is (i) forward biased, (ii)
reverse biased?

PHYSICS—SAMPLE GUESS PAPER 4 (Solved) ✦ 31

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 Q.9. Name the junction diode whose I-V characteristics are drawn here:

Q.10. State the reason, why GaAs is most commonly used in making of a solar cell.

For questions number 11, 12, 13 and 14, two statements are given - one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Q.11. Assertion (A): The whole charge of a conductor cannot be transferred to another isolated
conductor.
Reason (R): The total transfer of charge from one to another is possible.
Q.12. Assertion (A): Dieletric polarisation means formation of positive and negative charges inside the
dielectric.
Reason (R): Free electrons are formed in this process.
Q.13. Assertion (A): Angle of deviation depends upon the angle of incidence.
Reason (R): For a thin prism d = (m – 1)A.
Q.14. Assertion (A): In interference and diffraction, light energy is redistributed.

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Reason (R): There is no gain or loss of energy, which is consistent with the principle of conservation of

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energy.

Shiv SECTION-B
Questions 15 and 16 are Case Study based questions and are compulsory. Attempt any 4 sub parts from
each question. Each question carries 1 mark.
Q.15. Kirchhoff’s Laws
Two rules called Kirchhoff’s laws are very useful to find out currents and potential differences in
complicated circuits having a large number of resistors and cells, in different combinations.
(a) Junction Rule. At any junction, the sum of all the currents entering the junction is equal to sum of
currents leaving the junction.
(b) Loop Rule. The algebraic sum of charges in potential around any closed loop involving
resistances and cells in the loop is zero.
(i) Point out the right statements about the validity of Kirchhoff’s junction rule It is based on:
(a) conservation of charge.
(b) outgoing currents add up and are equal to incoming currents at a junction.
(c) bending or reorienting the wire does not change the validity of Kirchhoff’s junction rule.
(d) all of the above
(ii) The potential difference between A and B as shown in figure is
(a) 1 V (b) 2 V
C D
(c) 3 V (d) 4 V

(iii) In the series combination of two or more than two resistances

(a) the current through each resistance is same.
(b) the voltage through each resistance is same.
(c) neither current nor voltage through each resistance is same.
(d) both current and voltage through each resistance are same.
(iv) n resistors each of resistance R first combine to give maximum effective resistance and
then combine to give minimum effective resistance. The ratio of the maximum to
minimum resistance is
(a) n (b) n2 (c) n2 – 1 (d) n3

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 (v) Two cells e1 and e2 connected in opposition to each other. The cell e1 is of emf 9 V and
W the cell e2 is of emf 7 V and internal resistance 7 W. The potential
internal resistance 3W
difference between the points A and B is
(a) 8.4 V (b) 5.6 V (c) 7.8 V (d) 6.6 V
Q.16. Phenomenon of Interference
Entire field of interference is based on the superimposition principle. It is evident that a path
difference of l corresponds to a phase difference of 2p. We obtain constructive and destructive
interference depending upon the path difference or consequently phase difference.
We can have a stable interference pattern with two coherent sources.
A British Physicist Thomas Young (1773 - 1829) demonstrated the interference pattern for light waves.
The dark and bright bands called fringes were shown on the screen by him. Thus wave nature of light
was demonstrated convincingly for the first time in 1801 by Thomas Young with the help of a
wonderfully simple experiment.
(i) In young’s double slit experiment two disturbances arriving at a point P have phase
π
difference of 3 . The intensity of this point expressed as a fraction of maximum intensity
I0 is
3 1 4 3
(a) 2 I 0 (b) 2 I 0 (c) 3 I 0 (d) 4 I 0
(ii) The intensity ratio of the maxima and minima in an interference pattern produced by two
coherent sources of light is 9 : 1. The intensities of the used light sources are in ratio.
(a) 3 : 1 (b) 4 : 1 (c) 9 : 1 (d) 10 : 1
(iii) When interference of light takes place
(a) energy is created in the region of maximum intensity

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(b) energy is destroyed in the region of maximum intensity

a
(c) conservation of energy holds good and energy is redistributed

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(d) conservation of energy does not hold good

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(iv) In a Young’s double slit experiment, let S1 and S2 be the two slits, and C be the centre of

S
the screen. If –SCS2 = q and l is the wavelength, the fringe width will be
λ 2λ λ
(a) θ (b) q l (c) θ (d) 2θ
(v) On introduction a thin film in the path of one of the two interfering beams, the central
fringe will shift by one fringe width. If m = 1.5, the thickness of the film is (wavelength of
monochromatic light is l).
(a) 4l (b) 3l (c) 2l (d) l

SECTION-C
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choice, attempt any one.
→
Q.17. A charge ‘q’ moving along the X-axis with a velocity v is subjected to a
uniform magnetic field B acting along the Z-axis as it crosses the origin O.
(i) Trace its trajectory.
(ii) Does the charge gain kinetic energy as it enters the magnetic field?
Justify your answer.
Q.18. State two conditions required for obtaining coherent sources. In Young’s arrangement to produce
interference pattern, show that dark and bright fringes appearing on the screen are equally
spaced.
Q.19. Net capacitance of three identical capacitors in series is 3 mF. What will be their net capacitance if
connected in parallel? Find the ratio of energy stored in the two configurations if they are both
connected to the same source.
Or
Draw a plot showing the variation of (i) electric field (E) and (ii) electric potential (V) with
distance r due to a point charge Q.
Q.20. Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram, the working of a p-n junction diode as a half-wave
rectifier.
Q.21. A metallic rod of ‘L’ length is rotated with angular frequency of ‘w’ with one end hinged at the

PHYSICS—SAMPLE GUESS PAPER 4 (Solved) ✦ 33

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 centre and the other end at the circumference of a circular metallic ring of radius L, about an axis
passing through the centre and perpendicular to the plane of the ring. A constant and uniform
magnetic field B parallel to the axis is present everywhere. Deduce the expression for the emf
between the centre and the metallic ring.
Q.22. Yellow light (l = 6000Aº ) illuminates a single slit of width 1 × 10–4 m. Calculate—(i) the distance
between the two dark lines on either side of the central maxium, when the diffraction pattern is
viewed on a screen kept 1.5 m away from the slit; (ii) the angular spread of the first diffraction
minimum.

Q.23. Assuming that the two diodes D1 and D2 used in the electric circuit
shown in the figure are ideal, find out the value of the current flowing
through 2.5 W resistor.

Q.24. At a place, the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field is B and angle of dip is 60º. What
is the value of horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field at the equator?
Or
A coil of ‘N’ turns and radius ‘R’ carries a current ‘I’. It is unwound and rewound to make a
square coil of side ‘a’ having same number of turns (N). Keeping the current ‘I’ same, find the
ratio of the magnetic moments of the square coil and the circular coil.
Q.25. You are given two converging lenses of focal lengths 1.25 cm and 5 cm to design a compound
microscope. If it is desired to have a magnification of 30, find out the separation between the
objective and the eyepiece.

as
SECTION-D

v D
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one.

hi
Q.26. (i) State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.

S
(ii) A jet plane is travelling towards west at a speed of 1800 km/h. What is the voltage
difference developed between the ends of the wing having a span of 25 m, if the Earth’s
magnetic field at the location has a magnitude of 5×10–4 T and the dip angle is 30°?
Q.27. A potentiometer wire of length 1 m is connected to a driver cell of
emf 3 V as shown in the figure. When a cell of 1.5 V emf is used in
the secondary circuit, the balance point is found to be 60 cm. On
replacing this cell and using a cell of unknown emf, the balance
point shifts to 80 cm.
(i) Calculate unknown emf of the cell.
(ii) Explain with reason, whether the circuit works, if the driver
cell is replaced with a cell of emf 1 V.
(iii) Does the high resistance R, used in the secondary circuit affect the balance point? Justify
your answer.
Or
Define resistivity of a conductor. Plot a graph showing the variation of resistivity with
temperature for a metallic conductor. How does one explain such a behaviour, using the
mathematical expression of the resistivity of a material.
Q.28. (a) Using de-Broglie’s hypothesis, explain with the help of a suitable diagram, Bohr’s second
postulate of quantization of energy levels in a hydrogen atom.
(b) The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is –13.6 eV. What are the kinetic and potential
energies of the electron in this state?
Or
An electron microscope uses electrons accelerated by a potential difference 50 kV. Calculate the
de Broglie wavelength of the electrons. Compare the resolving power of an electron microscope
with that of an optical microscope, which uses visible light of wavelength 550 nm. Assume the
numerical apertures of the objective lens of both the microscopes are the same.
Q.29. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is –13.6 eV.
(i) What is the kinetic energy of an electron in the 2nd excited state?
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 (ii) If the electron jumps to the ground state from the 2nd excited state, calculate the wavelength
of the spectral line emitted.
Q.30. Distinguish between nuclear fission and fusion. Show how in both these processes energy is
released. Calculate the energy release in MeV in the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction:
2 3
1 H +1 → 24He + n
H ⎯⎯
Using the data: m ( 12 H) = 2.014102 u m ( 31 H) = 3.016049 u
m ( 24 He ) = 4.002603 u mn = 1.008665 u 1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2

SECTION-E
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one.
Q.31. (a) Draw a circuit diagram of a meter bridge used to determine the unknown resistance R of a
given wire. Hence derive the expression for R in terms of the known resistance S.
(b) What does the term ‘end error’ in a metre bridge circuit mean and how is it corrected? How
will the balancing point be affected, if the positions of the battery and galvanometer are
interchanged in a metre bridge experiment? Give reason for your answer.
Or
(a) Why do the ‘free electrons’, in a metal wire, ‘flowing by themselves’, not cause any current
flow in the wire? Define ‘drift velocity’ and obtain an expression for the current flowing in a
wire, in terms of the ‘drift velocity’ of the free electrons.
(b) Use the above expression to show that the ‘resistivity’, of the material of a wire, is inversely
proportional to the ‘relaxation time’ for the ‘free electrons’ in the metal.
Q.32. (a) Discuss how Faraday’s law of e.m. induction is applied in an ac-generator for converting

s
mechanical energy into electrical energy. Obtain an expression for the instantaneous value of

Da
the induced emf in an ac generator.

v
(b) Draw graphs to show the ‘phase relationship’ between the instantaneous

hi
(i) magnetic flux (f) linked with the coil and (ii) induced emf (e) in the coil.

S
Or
A device ‘X’ is connected to an ac source V =
V0 sin wt. The variation of voltage, current and
power in one cycle is shown in the given
graph:
(a) Identify the device ‘X’.
(b) Which of the curves A, B, and C represent
the voltage, current and the power
consumed in the circuit? Justify your
answer.
(c) How does its impedance vary with frequency of the ac source? Show graphically.
(d) Obtain an expression for the current in the circuit and its phase relation with ac voltage.
Q.33. Define magnifying power of a telescope. Write its expression.
A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 150 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 5
cm. If this telescope is used to view a 100 m high tower 3 km away, find the height of the final
image when it is formed 25 cm away from the eyepiece.
Or
(a) Describe briefly how a diffraction pattern is obtained on a screen due to a single narrow slit
illuminated by a monochromatic source of light. Hence obtain the conditions for the angular
width of secondary maxima and secondary minima.
(b) Two wavelengths of sodium light of 590 nm and 596 nm are used in turn to study the
diffraction taking place at a single slit of aperture 2 × 10–6 m. The distance between the slit
and the screen is 1.5 m. Calculate the separation between the positions of first maxima of the
diffractions pattern obtained in the two cases.

❒ ❒ ❒ ❒

PHYSICS—SAMPLE GUESS PAPER 4 (Solved) ✦ 35

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 Series : CBSE / SGP / 2021-05 Code No. 042

Roll No.

• Please check that this question paper contains 5 printed pages.

• Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on
the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
• Please check that this question paper contains 33 questions.
• Please write down the Serial Number of the question before attempting it.
• 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will
be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the students will read the
question paper only and will not write any answer on the answer-book during this
period.

PHYSICS–XII
Sample Guess Paper 5 (Solved)

as
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum marks : 70

D
General Instructions:

iv
Same as in Sample Guess Paper 1 (Solved).

Sh SECTION-A
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them.

Q.1. Figure shows three point charges, + 2q, – q and +3q. Two charges +2q
and –q are enclosed within a surface ‘S’. What is the electric flux due to
this configuration through the surface ‘S’?

Q.2. Name the part of the electromagnetic spectrum of wavelength 10–2 m and mention its one
application.
Or
Which part of electromagnetic spectrum has largest penetrating power?
Q.3. Using the concept of force between two infinitely long parallel current carrying conductors,
define one ampere of current.

Q.4. A plot of magnetic flux (f) versus current (I) is shown in the figure for two
inductors A and B. Which of the two has larger value of self inductance?

Or
The instantaneous current and voltage of an a.c. circuit are given by
i = 10 sin 300 t A and V = 200 sin 300 t V.
What is the power dissipation in the circuit?
Q.5. Define ionisation energy. What is its value for a hydrogen atom?
Q.6. If the distance between the source of light and the cathode of a photo cell is doubled, how does it
affect the stopping potential applied to the photo cell?
Q.7. Write any two characteristic properties of nuclear force.

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 Or
Two nuclei have mass numbers in the ratio 27 : 125. What is the ratio of their nuclear radii?
Q.8. What is the function of a photodiode?
Or
Why should a photodiode be operated at a reverse bias?
Q.9. Distinguish between ‘intrinsic’ and ‘extrinsic’ semiconductors.

Q.10. The graph shown in the figure represents a plot of current versus voltage for
a given semiconductor. Identify the region, if any, over which the semi-
conductor has negative resistance.

For questions number 11, 12, 13 and 14, two statements are given—one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Q.11. Assertion (A): Total flux through a closed surface is zero, if no charge is enclosed by the surface.
Reason (R): Gauss law is true for any closed surface, no matter what its shape or size is?
Q.12. Assertion (A): The electric field inside a cavity is always zero.

as
Reason (R): charges reside only on the outer surface of a conductor with cavity.

D
Q.13. Assertion (A): The focal length of an equiconvex lens placed in air is equal to the radius of

iv
curvature of either face.

Sh
Reason (R): For an equiconvex lens, the radius of curvature of both the faces is the same.
Q.14. Assertion (A): Intensity pattern of interference and diffraction are not the same.
Reason (R): When there are few sources of light, then the result is called interference; but if there is
a large number of them, the word diffraction is more often used.

SECTION-B
Questions 15 and 16 are Case Study based questions and are compulsory. Attempt any 4 sub- parts from
each question. Each question carries 1 mark.
Q.15. Electrostatic Potential & Potential Energy
The electrostatic potential at a given point is defined as the “work done by an external force in
bringing a unit positve charge from infinity to that point”. A surface with a constant value of
potential at all points is called equipotential surface.
The work done in bringing a charge ‘q’ from infinity to a given point in the external field is qv; and
this work done is stored in the form of potential energy, which is denoted as P.E = q v(r).
(i) Which of the following statement is true?
(a) Potential is the product of charge and work.
(b) Potential at a point is the work done per unit charge in bringing a charge from any point
to infinity.
(c) Electrostatic force is non-conservative.
(d) Electrostatic force is a conservative force.
(ii) I volt is equivalent to
newton newton joule joule
(a) coulomb (b) second (c) (d)
coulomb second
(iii) The work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinite distance to a point at
distance x from a positive charge Q is W. The potential f at that point is
WQ W
(a) W (b) (c) x
(d) WQ
x

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 (iv) What is the angle between electric field and equipotential surface?
(a) always 90º (b) always 0º
(c) 0º to 90º (d) 0º to 180º
(v) Which among the following statements is true about the work done in bringing a unit
positve charge from point P to Q in an electrostatic field?
(a) Work done is same in all the three paths.
(b) Maximum work is done in case of path I.
(c) Minimum work is done is case of path II.
(d) Work done is zero in case of path II.
Q.16. Phenomenon of Diffraction
Diffraction is the general characteristic exhibited by all types of waves. Since the wavelength of
light is much smaller than the dimensions of most obstacles, we do not encounter diffraction
effects of light in everyday observations. Some scientists including Newton had noticed that the
light spreads out from narrow holes and slits. It seems to turn around corners and enter regions,
where we would expect a shadow. These effects known as diffraction, can only be properly
understood using wave ideas.
At central point, central maximum is observed, while secondary maxima and minima can be
observed on both sides of central point depending upon the phase difference.
(i) A diffraction pattern is obtained using a beam of red light. What happens if the red light
is replaced by blue light?
(a) Bands disappear altogether.
(b) Diffraction bands become narrower and crowded together.
(c) Bands become broader and farther apart.

s
(d) No change.

Da
(ii) A parallel beam of light of wavelength 500 nm falls on a narrow slit and the resulting

iv
diffraction pattern is observed on a screen 1 m away. It is observed that the first minima is

h
at a distance of 2.5 mm from the centre of the screen. The width of the slit is

S
(a) 1 mm (b) 2 mm (c) 0.2 mm (d) 1.5 mm
(iii) To observe diffraction, the size of the obstacle
(a) should be much larger than the wavelength.
(b) should be l/2, where l is the wavelength.
(c) should be of the order wavelength.
(d) has no relation to wavelength.
(iv) In a single slit diffraction experiment, the width of the slit is made double its original
width. Then the central maximum of the diffraction pattern will become
(a) narrower and brighter (b) narrower and fainter
(c) broader and fainter (d) broader and brighter
(v) A slit of width a is illuminated by white light. The first minimum for red light (l l = 6500Å)
will fall at q = 30º when a will be
(a) 6.5 × 10–4 mm (b) 3200 Å (c) 1.3 micron (d) 2.6 × 10–4 cm

SECTION-C
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them.
Q.17. Using Ampere’s circuital law, obtain an expression for the magnetic field along the axis of a
current carrying solenoid of length l and having N number of turns.
Q.18. State one feature by which the phenomenon of interference can be distinguished from that of
diffraction. A parallel beam of light of wavelength 600 nm is incident normally on a slit of width
‘a’. If the distance between the slits and the screen is 0.8 m and the distance of 2nd order maximum
from the centre of the screen is 15 mm, calculate the width of the slit.
→ → →
Q.19. Two point charges q1 and q2 are located at r1 and r2 respectively in an external electric field E .
Obtained the expression for the total work done in assembling this configuration.
Or
Why does current in a steady state not flow in a capacitor connected across a battery? However
momentary current does flow during charging or discharging of the capacitor. Explain.

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 Q.20. Assuming that the two diodes D1 and D2 used in the electric circuit shown
in the figure are ideal, find out the value of the current flowing through
2 W resistor.

Q.21. Derive the expression for the self inductance of a long solenoid of cross sectional area A and
length l, having n turns per unit length.
Q.22. (a) Why are coherent sources necessary to produce a sustained interference pattern?
(b) In Young’s double slit experiment using mono-chromatic light of wavelength λ, the intensity
of light at a point on the screen where path difference is λ, is K units.
2λ
Find out the intensity of light at a point where path difference is 3 .
Q.23. Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram, the working of a photo-diode. Write briefly how it is
used to detect the opticals signals.
Q.24. Define the following using suitable diagrams: (i) magnetic declination and (ii) angle of dip. In
which direction will a compass needle point when kept at the (i) poles and (ii) equator?
Or
A compass needle, free to turn in a vertical plane orients itself with its axis vertical at a certain
place on the earth. Find out the values of (i) horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field and
(ii) angle of dip at the place.
Q.25. A ray of light is incident on a glass prism of refractive index and refractive angle A. If it just
suffers total internal reflection at the other face, obtain an expression relating the angle of
incidence, angle of prism and critical angle.

DasSECTION-D

iv
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one.

Sh
Q.26. (a) Define self inductance. Write the S.I. units.
(b) Derive an expression for self inductance of a long solenoid of length l, cross-sectional area A
having N number of turns.
Q.27. Prove that the current density of a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the drift speed of
electrons.
Or
A number of identical cells n, each of emf e, internal resistance r connected in series are charged
by a d.c. source of emf e1, using a resistor R.
(i) Draw the circuit arrangement.
(ii) Deduce the expressions for (a) the charging current and (b) the potential difference across the
combination of the cells.
Q.28. An electron and a photon each have a wavelength of 1.50 nm. find (i) their momenta, (ii) the
energy of the photon and (iii) kinetic energy of the elctron.
Or
Draw a plot showing the variation of photoelectric current with collector plate potential for two
different frequencies, v1 > v2, of incident radiation having the same intensity.
In which case will the stopping potential be higher? Justify your answer.

Q.29. The energy level diagram of an element is given.

Identify, by doing necessary calculations, which
transition corresponds to the emission of a spectral line
of wavelength 102.7 nm.

Q.30. Distinguish between nuclear fission and fusion. Show how in both these processes energy is
released. Calculate the energy release in MeV in the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction:
4
2H → 13 H ⎯⎯
→ 2 He + n
1

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 Using the data:
( )
m 21 H = 2.014102 u ( )
m 31 H = 3.016049 u
m ( 24 He) = 4.002603 u mn = 1.008665 u
1u = 931.5 MeV/c2
SECTION-E
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one.
Q.31. Derive an expression for the energy stored in a parallel plate capacitor.
On charging a parallel plate capacitor to a potential V, the spacing between the plates is halved,
and a dieletric medium of Œr = 10 is introduced between the plates, without dis-connecting the
d.c. source. Explain, using suitable expressions, how the (i) capacitance, (ii) electric field and (iii)
energy density of the capacitor change.
Or
(a) Obtain the expression for the potential due to an electric dipole moment p at a point ‘x’ on
the axial line.
(b) Two identical capacitors of plate dimensions l ×
b and plate separation d have di-electric slabs
filled in between the space of the plates as
shown in the figure.
Obtain the relation between the dielectric constants K, K1 and K2.
Q.32. (a) Prove that the current flowing through an ideal inductor connected across a.c. source, lags
π
the voltage in phase by 2 .

as
(b) An inductor of self inductance 100 mH, and a bulb are connected in series with a.c. source of

D
v
π

i
rms voltage 10 V, 50 Hz. It is found that effective voltage of the circuit is 4 . Calculate the

Sh
inductance of the inductor used and average power dissipated in the circuit, if a current of 1

A flows in the circuit.

Or
(a) Prove that an ideal capacitor in an ac circuit does not dissipate power.
(b) An inductor of 200 mH, capacitor of 400 f and a resistor of 10 W are connected in series to ac
source of 50 V of variable frequency. Calculate the
(i) angular frequency at which maximum power dissipation occurs in the circuit and the
corresponding value of the effective current, and
(ii) value of Q-factor in the circuit.
Q.33. Trace the rays of light showing the formation of an image due to a point object placed on the axis
of a spherical surface separating the two media of refractive indices n1 and n2. Establish the
relation between the distances of the object, the image and the radius of curvature from the
central point of the spherical surface.
Hence derive the expression of the lens marker’s formula.
Or
(a) Consider two coherent sources S1 and S2 producing monochromatic waves to produce
interference pattern. Let the displacement of the wave produced by S1 be given by Y1 = a cos
wt and the displacement by S2 be Y2 = a cos (wt +f)
Find out the expression for the amplitude of the resultant displacement at a point and show
φ
that the intensity at that point will be I = 4a2 cos2 2
Hence establish the conditions for constructive and destructive interference.
(b) What is the effect on the interference fringes in Young’s double slit experiment when (i) the
width of the source slit is increased (ii) the monochromatic source is replaced by a source of
white light?

❒ ❒ ❒ ❒
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 Answer Sheet 1
S A M P L E G U E S S P A P E R 1

Series : SGP / CBSE / 2021-01 Code No. 042

Roll No.

PHYSICS
SECTION–A
1. Electric flux φE is given by
→ → Q
φE = v∫ E . ds = ε0 ...where[Q is total charge inside the closed surface

as
∴ On changing the radius of sphere, the electric flux through the Gaussian surface remains the

D
v
same.

Shi
2. Speed/Velocity of light remains the same.
Or
Frequency remains unchanged.

3.
→
(→ →)
F = q v× B
Direction of the magnetic field is towards negative direction of z-axis.
4. Glass bob would reach earlier because there would be a force acting upward due to eddy
currents on metallic bob being conducting, due to earth’s magnetic field. This will slow down
the metallic bob.
Or
a.c. voltage is preferred over d.c. voltage because of the following reasons:
(i) it can be stepped-up or stepped-down by a transformer.
(ii) carrying losses are much less.

5. As the revolving electron loses energy continuously, it must spiral

inwards and eventually fall into the nucleus. So it is not able to
explain the atomic structure.

6. Stopping potential will be same for the same frequency. So its curves ‘a’ and ‘b’ which have
same frequency but different intensities (I2 > I3).
7. Neutrons produced during fission get slowed if they collide with a nucleus of the same mass.
As ordinary water contains hydrogen atoms (of mass nearly that of neutrons), so it can be used
as a moderator. But it absorbs neutrons at a fast rate via reaction :
n + p ⎯→ d + γ
Here d is deuteron. To overcome this difficulty, heavy water is used as a moderator which has
negligible cross-section for neutron absorption.

PHYSICS—ANSWER SHEET 1 ✦ 41

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 Or
Control rod or cadmium rod.
8. GaAs is most commonly used in making of a solar cell because:
(i) It has high optical absorption (~ 104 cm–1).
(ii) It has high electrical conductivity.
Or
As fractional change in minority charge carriers is more than the fractional change in majority
charge carriers, the variation in reverse saturation current is more prominent.
9. (i) In forward biased, the width of depletion layer of a p-n junction decreases.
(ii) In reverse biased, the width of depletion layer of a p-n junction increases.
10. n-type semiconductor p-type semiconductor
The electron density (ne) is much. The hole density (nh) is much greater than the
greater than the hole density (nh), i.e., ne>> nh. electron density (ne) i.e., nh >> ne.
11. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
12. (c) A is true but R is false.
13. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
14. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
15. (i) (b); W
(ii) (b); electric field

as
(iii) (d); all of these

v D
Shi
(iv) (b);

(v) (d) D ...[Hint: Electric field strength is maximum where the electric field lines are closer
16. (i) (d); the image distance from the eye lens.
...[Hint: The image formed by the eye lens is always on the retina and the image distance is fixed
(ii) (d); Change in the focal length of eye lens.
...[Hint: The eye lens is surrounded by a different medium than air. This will change the focal length of
eye lens. The eye cannot accommodate all images, as it would do in air.
(iii) (d); virtual and inverted
f0 15 ¥ 10 2
(iv) (b); 1500 ...[Hint: F0 = 15 cm = 15 × 102 cm; Fe = 1.0 cm As we know, m = f = 1.0 = 1500
e

v 19
(v) (d); 17.5 ...[Hint: m >>>F0; v = f0 = 19 m; u = – 3.8 × 108 m As we know, m0 = = 8 = 0.5 × 10
–7
u -3.8 ¥ 10
Diameter of image of moon is (3.5 × 106) × (0.5 × 10–7) = 17.5 cm
17. Given: Ep = E
mv 2
We know, = qvB
r

2 mE 1
or r= ∵ E= mv 2
qB 2

2 mpE 2 mα E ⎡∵ mα = 4mp
rp = and rα = ⎢ q = 2q
q pB qα B ⎣ α p

rp 2 mp E qα B mp qα
= × = ×
rα qpB 2 mα E mα qp

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 rp mp 2qp 1
= × = ×2 = 1
rα 4m p qp 2

\ rp : rα : : 1 : 1
18. (i) Intensity distribution in the diffraction due to single slit

(ii) Intensity pattern for double slit interference

Das
Shiv
Basic features of distinction between interference and diffraction patterns :
(i) The interference pattern has a number of equally spaced bright and dark bands while
diffraction pattern has a central bright maximum which is twice as wide as the other
maxima.
(ii) Interference pattern is the superimposition of two wave slits originating from two narrow
slits. The diffraction pattern is a superposition of a continuous family of waves originating
from each point on a single slit.
l
(iii) For a single slit of width ‘a’ the first null of diffraction pattern occurs at an angle of .
a
l
At the same angle of , we get a maxima for two narrow slits separated by a distance ‘a’.
a
19. (i) Given : r = 1m, q1 = 4Q, q2 = Q

K(4Q) KQ 4 1 2 1
= fi 2
= fi =
x 2
(1 - x ) 2 x (1 - x )2 x 1-x
2
fi 2 – 2x = x fi 3x = 2 \ x=
3
(ii) Electrostatic potential energy of the system is
q1q2 9 ¥ 109 ¥ 4Q ¥ Q
U =K =
r 1
= 36 × 109 × (2 × 10–7)2 = 1.44 × 10–3 J
Or
PHYSICS—ANSWER SHEET 1 ✦ 43

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 1st method:
Given : 2a = 4 cm = 4 × 10–2 m; q = 60°; t = 4 × 3 Nm; q = ±8 nC = ±8 × 10 C
–9

P.E. = |p| |E| cos q; t = |p| |E| sin q

P.E. |P||E|cosq
As we know, = = cot q = cot 60°
t |P||E|sinq

1
P.E = t cotq = 4 × 3× 3
\ P.E. = –4 Joules
2nd method:
\ t = pE sin q
t
\ E = p sin q fi p = q × 2a

4¥ 3 1
\ E= = ¥ 1011
-9 -2 3 4
8 ¥ 10 ¥ 4 ¥ 10 ¥
2
Now, P.E. = |p| |E| cos q
= (q × 2a) (E) cos q

as
Ê1 11 ˆ 1

D
= (8 × 10–9 × 4 × 10–2) × ÁË ¥ 10 ˜¯ ¥

v
4 2

Shi
1
= – 4 Joules [∵ cos 60° =
2
(Note: However, the first method is preferred because it saves a lot of time from unnecessary calculations)
20. (i) Intrinsic semiconductor p-type semiconductor
1. The pure semiconductors (Ge or Si) in A tetravent semiconductor of Si or Ge
which the electrical conductivity is doped with trivalent impurity atoms of B,
totally governed by electrons thermally Al or In is called a p-type semiconductor.
excited from the valence bond to the
conduction bond are called intrinsic
semiconductors.
2. They have equal number of densities of It has more density of holes than density
free electrons and holes i.e. ne = nh. of free electrons i.e. nh >> ne.
(ii) In a p-type semiconductor, the trivalent impurity atom shares its three valence electrons with
the three tetravalent host atoms while the fourth bond remains unbounded. The impurity
atom as a whole is electrical neutral. Hence the p-type semiconductor is also neutral.
21. Consider a long solenoid of length l and radius r with r << l and having n turns per unit
length. If a current I flows through the coil, then the magnetic field inside the coil is almost
constant and is given by
B = m0nI
Magnetic flux linked with each turn = BA = m0nIA
…where [A = pr2 = cross-sectional area of the solenoid
\ Magnetic flux linked with the entire solenoid is
f = Flux linked with each turn × Total number of turns
= m0nIA × nl = m0n2IAl
But f = LI
\ Self-inductance of the long solenoid is
L = m0n2lA

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 N
If N is the total number of turns in the solenoid then n = .
l
m 0N 2A
\ L=
l
22. Difference between Interference and Diffraction of light
Interference Diffraction
1. Interference is due to superposition of two Diffraction is due to superposition of the
distinct waves coming from two coherent secondary wavelets coming from different
sources. parts of the same wavefront.
2. Interference fringes may or may not be of Diffraction fringes are not to be of the same
the same width. width.
3. The intensity of minima is generally zero. The intensity of minima is never zero.
4. All bright fringes are of uniform intensity. All bright fringes are not of uniform
intensity.
23. Forward biasing. If the positive terminal of a battery is connected to a p-side and the negative
terminal to the n-side, then the p-n junction is said to be forward biased. Here the applied
voltage V opposes the barrier voltage VB. As a result of this
• the effective resistance across the p-n junction decreases.
• the diffusion of electrons and holes into the depletion layer which decreases its width.

as
Reverse biasing. If the positive terminal of a battery is connected to the n-side and negative

D
terminal to the p-side, then the p-n junction is said to be reverse biased.

Shiv
The applied voltage V and the barrier potential VB are in the same direction. As a result of this
• the resistance of the p-n junction becomes very large.
• the majority charge carriers move away from the junction, increasing the width of the
depletion layer.
24. Given : d = 60; H = 0.4 G; R=?
As H = R cos d

H 0.4 0.4
As we know, R= = \ R = 1 = 0.8 G
cos d cos60D
2
Or
BH = B cos d; BV = B sin d
BV = BH tan d = B tan 60° = B × 3 = 3B
\ At equator, BV = 0 (zero) \ δ = 0 at equator
[\

25. (i)

(ii) Advantages of reflecting telescope over a refracting telescope:

1. Due to large aperture of the mirror used, the reflecting telescopes have high resolving
power.
2. This type of telescope is free from chromatic aberration (formation of coloured image of
a white object).

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 3. The use of paraboloidal mirror reduces the spherical aberration (formation of non-
point, blurred image of a point object).
4. Image formed by reflecting telescope is brighter than refracting telescope.
5. A lens of large aperture tends to be very heavy and therefore difficult to make and
support by its edges. On the other hand, a mirror of equivalent optical quality weighs
less and can be supported over its entire back surface.
26. Given: L1 = 15 mH and L2 = 25 mH

(a) dI/dt (b)

L1 = 15 mH

L2 = 25 mH

1 2
u1 2 L 1i1
=
u2 1 L i 2
2 21

as
But e1i1 = e2i2 (∵ power dissipated is same)

v D
Shi
1 i2 2 e L Ê dl dl ˆ
\ i =e =L ÁË∵ is same and e = - L ˜¯
2 1 1 dt dt
2
u1 L 1 Ê L 2 ˆ L2 25
\ = = L = 15 = 1.66
u2 L 2 ÁË L 1 ˜¯ 3

27. (a) Working principle of a galvanometer: A current carrying coil experiences a torque when
placed in a magnetic field which tends to rotate the coil and produces an angular deflection.
V
(b) V = I(G + R1) …(i) = I(G + R2) …(ii)
2
Dividing (i) by (ii), we have
G + R1
fi 2= G+R fi 2G + 2R2 = G + R1 fi G = R1 – 2 R2
2
Let R3 be the resistance required for conversion into voltmeter of range 2V.
\ 2V = Ig(G + R3) …(iii)
Also, V = Ig(G + R1) …(iv)
Dividing (iii) by (iv), we have
G + R3
\ 2 = G+R
1
\ R3 = G + 2R1 = (R1 – 2R2) + 2R1
R3 = 3R1 – 2R2 ...[From value of G
Or
(i) In circuit (a)
Total emf = 15 V, Total Resistance = 2W
Ê 15 ˆ
Current, i = ÁË ˜¯ A = 7.5 A
2
Potential difference between the terminals of 6 V battery
V = E – iR = [6 – (7.5 × 1) = –1.5 V
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 (ii) In circuit (b)
Effective emf = (9 – 6)V = 3V,
Total Resistance = 2W
Ê 3ˆ
Current, i = ÁË ˜¯ A= 1.5 A
2
Potential Difference across 6V cell,
V = E – (–I)R = V + IR (∵
∵ Current is in opposite direction to 6 V cell)
= 6 + 1.5 × 1 = 7.5V
28. (i) (a) In graph 1 : intensity is being kept constant.
(b) In graph 2 : frequency is being kept constant.
(ii) (a) In graph 1 : Saturation current
(b) In graph 2 : Stopping potential.
(iii) For a given photo-sensitive surface electrons need a minimum energy to be emitted, this is
called work function of the surface W.
\ Photons energy hn should be greater/equal to the work function.
W
\ hn ≥ W or n≥
h
W
\ Minimum frequency for photo emission n0 =
h

s
Which is justified to be called as threshold frequency.

a
Or

v D
h h

Shi
We have, l = = ...[∵
∵ K = qV = K.E.
2 mqV 2 mK
∵ Mass of deuteron is more than that of proton,

i.e., md > mp
\ For same l, we must have Kp > Kd, i.e., the proton has more kinetic energy.
29. (i) Bohr’s quantisation condition for stationary orbits: Only those orbits are stable for which
h
the angular momentum of revolving electron is an integral multiple of .
2p
nh
L= , i.e. angular momentum of orbiting electron is quantized.
2p
According to de Broglie hypothesis,
h
Linear momentum (p) =
l
and for circular orbit L = rnp …where[ ‘rn’ is the radius of quantized orbits.
rn h nh
L= Also L =
l 2p
rn h nh
\ = fi 2prn = nl
l 2p
\ Circumference of permitted orbits are integral multiples of the wavelength l.
(ii) Let EA, EB and EC be the energy of three given energy levels A, B and C respectively.
hc
EC – E B = ...(i)
l1
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 hc
EB – EA = l ...(ii)
2

hc
EC – E A = l ...(iii)
3
Adding (i) and (ii), we have
hc hc
EC – EA = l + l ...(iv)
1 2
Using equation (iii) and (iv), we have
hc hc hc 1 1 1
= + fi l =l +l
l3 l1 l2 3 1 2

30. (a) In all types of nuclear reactions, the law of conservation of number of nucleons is followed.
But during the reaction, the mass of the final product is found to be slightly less than the
sum of the masses of the reactant components. This difference in mass of a nucleus and its
constituents is called mass defect. So, as per mass energy relation E = (Dm)c2, energy is
released. In the given reaction the sum of the masses of two deuterons is more than the
mass of helium and neutron. Energy equivalent of mass defect is released.
Mass of nucleus mA

s
(b) Nuclear density = =

a
4 3 ...[m = mass of each nucleon
Volume

D
pR
3

v
As R = R0A1/3

Shi
...where [R0 = 1.2 × 10–15 m

3 mA 3m
\ Nuclear density = 4 pR 3A = 4 pR 3
0 0

i.e. independent of Mass Number A.

31. (a) • Electric flux through a given surface is defined as the dot product of electric field and
area vector over that surface.
Æ Æ
Alternatively f = Ú E. ds
s
• It is a scalar quantity.
• Constructing a cube of side ‘d’ so that charge ‘q’ gets placed within this cube (Gaussian
surface)
According to Gauss’s law,
charge enclosed q
Electric flux f = =
e0 e0
This is the total flux through all the six faces of the cube.
Hence electric flux through the square
1 q q
= 6 ¥ e = 6e
0 0
(b) If the charge is moved to a distance d and the side of
the square is doubled, the cube will be constructed to
have a side 2d but the total charge enclosed in it will
remain the same. Hence the total flux through the
cube and therefore the flux through the square will
remain the same as before.
Or
(a) To calculate the electric field, imagine a cylindrical Gaussian surface, since the field is
everywhere radial, flux through two ends of the cylindrical Gaussian surface is zero.

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 Æ
At cylindrical part of the surface, electric field E is normal to the surface at every point and
its magnitude is constant.
Therefore, Flux through the Gaussian surface
= Flux through the curved cylindrical part of the surface.
= E × 2prl …(i)
q enclosed
Applying Gauss’s Law, Flux f =
e0
Total charge enclosed = Linear charge density × l = ll
ll
f= e ...(ii)
0
Using Equation (i) and (ii),
ll l
E × 2prl = fi E = 2 pe r
e0 0

In vector notation,
Æ l
E = n ...[where n is a unit vector normal to the line charge
2 pe 0r
(b) Then required graph is as shown:

Das
Shiv
(c) Work done in moving the charge ‘q’ through a small displacement ‘dr’
Æ Æ
dW = F . dr
Æ Æ
dW = q E . dr = q (E cos q) dr
Ê l ˆ È l ˘
dW = q × ÁË 2 pe r ˜¯ dr Í∵ E = ˙
0 Î 2 pe 0r ˚
Work done in moving the given charge from r1 to r2 (r2 > r1)
r2 r2 r2
lqdr lq Ê 1 ˆ
W= Ú dW = Ú 2 pe 0r
= Ú 2pe0 ÁË r dr ˜¯
r1 r1 r

lq
W = 2 pe [loge r2 – loge r1]
0

32. (a) Voltage applied to the capacitor, V = Vm sin wt …(i)

Let instantaneous voltage across the capacitor = v
q
We have, V =
C
According to Kirchhoff’s loop rule, the voltage across the source
and the capacitor are equal at any instant of time.
PHYSICS—ANSWER SHEET 1 ✦ 49

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 q
\ Vm sin wt = fi q = CVm sin wt
C
dq
= w CVm cos wt
dt
dq m V
fi dt = 1 / wC cos wt ∵ Cos w t= sin (w
[∵ w t + p /2)

È Vm
i = im sin (wt + p/2) ... where Í im = 1 / w C
Î
From equations (i) and (ii) we conclude that current leads the voltage by a phase angle of
p/2,

Das
(b) R = 200 W,

1 1 Shiv
C = 15.0 mF = 15.0 × 10–6 F, Vrms = 220V, f = 50 Hz

(i) XC = 2 pfC = 2 ¥ 3.14 ¥ 50 ¥ 15.0 ¥ 10 -6 = 212.3 W

Z = R 2 + XC
2
= (200)2 + (212.3)2 = 291.5 W

Vrms 220V
\ Current in the circuit, Irms = = = 0.755 A
Z 291.5W

(ii) As the current is same throughout the series circuit, we have

R = I .R = 0.755 × 200 = 151 V
Vrns rms

C = I .X = 0.755 × 212.3 = 160.3 V

Vrns rms C

The algebraic sum of the two voltages, VR and VC is 311.3 V which is more than the source
voltage of 220 V. These two voltages are 90° out of phase. These cannot be added like
ordinary numbers.
The voltage is obtained by using Pythagoras’ theorem,
VR + C = VR2 + VC2

= (151)2 + (160.3)2 = 220 V

Thus if the phase difference between two voltages is properly taken into account, the total
voltage across the resistor and the capacitor is equal to the voltage of the source.
Or
(a) Principle of A.C. generator. The working of an a.c. generator is based on the principle of
electromagnetic induction. When a closed coil is rotated in a uniform magnetic field with its

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 axis perpendicular to the magnetic field, the magnetic flux linked with the coil changes and
an induced emf and hence a current is set up in it.
(b) Let N = number of turns in the coil
A = Area of face of each turn
B = magnitude of the magnetic field
q = angle which normal to the coil makes with field
Æ
B at any instant t
w = the angular velocity with which coil rotates
The magnetic flux linked with the coil at any instant t
will be,
φ = NAB cos q = NAB cos wt
By Faraday’s flux rule, the induced emf is given by,
df - d
E=– = NAB (cos ωt)
dt dt
E = NAB (sin ωt) . ω
⇒ E = E0 sin wt …where [E0 = NABωω
When a load of resistance R is connected across the terminals, a current I flows in the
external circuit.

s
E E0 sin wt È E
...where Í I0 = 0

a
I= = = I0 sin ωt

D
R R Î R

v
(c) v = 0.5 Hz; N = 100; A = 0.1 m2; B = 0.01 T

Shi
emax = NAB (2pv)
emax = 100 × 0.01 × 0.1 × (2p × 0.5)
∴ emax = 0.314 volt
33. Compound Microscope:
u f0
fe
A
h Eyepiece
B’
B” B O b h’ E
A’
Objective

A”

Magnifying power : The magnifying power of a compound microscope is defined as the ratio of
the angle subtended at the eye by the final virtual image to the angle subtended at the eye by
the object, when both are at the least distance of distinct vision from the eye.
b tan b h '/ u
e h' D
m = a = tan a = h / D = h . u = m0me
e

h' V0
Here, m0 = h = u
0
As the eye-piece acts as a simple microscope
D D v0 Ê Dˆ
∴ me = u = 1 + f ∴ m = u ÁË 1 + f ˜¯
e e 0 e

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 As the object AB is placed close to the focus f0 of the objective
∴ u0 = – f0
Also image A’B’ is formed close to the eyelens whose focal length is short, therefore v0 = L =
the length of the microscope tube or the distance between the two lenses.
0v L
∴ m0 = u = - f
0 0

LÊ Dˆ
∴ m0 = - f ÁË 1 + f ˜¯ ...[For final image at D
0 e

(i) If the focal lengths are less, then their magnifying power will be more.
(ii) To avoid any aberrations in refraction due to larger bend on passing through the eye-
piece.
Or
(a) Two sources of light having same frequency and a constant or a zero phase difference are
said to be coherent.
Light wave emitted from an ordinary source (like a sodium lamp) undergoes abrupt phase
changes in times of the order of 10–10 seconds. Thus two independent sources of light will
not have a fixed phase relationship and would be incoherent.
(b) For bright fringes (maxima)
xd

s
Path difference, = nλ

a
D

D
D

v
∴ x = nλ

Shi
…where [n = 0, 1, 2, 3, …
d
For dark fringes (minima)
xd l
Path difference, = (2n – 1)
D 2
lD
∴ x = (2n – 1) …where [n = 0, 1, 2, 3, …
2d
The separation between the centre of two consecutive bright fringes is the width of a dark
fringe.
∴ Fringe width, β = xn – xn–1
lD lD
β=n –(n–1)
d d
lD
∴ β= b is fringe width
…Here [b
d
S l
(c) For interference fringes to be seen, the condition < should be satisfied.
a d

❒ ❒ ❒ ❒

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 Answer Sheet 2
S A M P L E G U E S S P A P E R 2

Series : SGP / CBSE / 2021-02 Code No. 042

Roll No.

PHYSICS
SECTION – A
1. Electric field lines do not form closed loops because the direction of an electric field is from
positive to negative charge. So one can regard a line of force starting from a positive charge
and ending on a negative charge. This indicates that electric field lines do not form closed

s
loops.

Da
2. The direction of electric field vector is along X-axis. Magnetic field vector is along Y-axis.

Shiv
Or
Radio waves are produced by the accelerated motion of charges in conducting wires.
3. The direction of the magnetic field is towards positive direction of z-axis.
4. No, As the magnetic field due to current carrying wire will be in the plane of the circular loop,
so magnetic flux will remain zero.
Or
Average power over full cycle of the ac voltage source is zero, when connected with an ideal
inductor.
Ê 1 1ˆ 3
5. We have, E2 → 1 = const. ÁË 2 - 2 ˜¯ = const.
1 2 4
Ê 1 1 ˆ 1
and E•Æ 2 = const. ÁË 2 - 2 ˜¯ = const. ∴ Ratio = 3 : 1
2 • 4

h h
6. l = =
mv 2 eV
m
m

h 12.27 D
= = A
2meV V

Mass of Nucleus
7. Nuclear density, f =
Volume of Nucleus
But, R = R0A1/3
mA
\ f= 4 …where [m is mass of proton or neutron and A is number of nucleons
pR 03A
3
m
\ f= 4
pR 03
3

PHYSICS—ANSWER SHEET 2 ✦ 53

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 Thus, f is independent of A (mass number)
\ The ratio of density will be 1 : 1.
Or
Since R = R0 A1/3
1/3
Ê 1ˆ
fi R1 : R2 = (11/3 : 81/3) = ÁË ˜¯ =1:2
8
8. Between the region B and C, the semiconductor has a negative resistance.
Or
Intrinsic semiconductor Extrinsic semiconductor
1. Without any impurity atoms. Doped with trivalent/pentavalent impurity atoms.
2. ne = nh. ne π nh.
9. There are some special purposes diodes, which are developed for different applications.
Example: (i) zener diode (ii) photodiode (iii) Light emitting diodes (LED) (iv) Solar cell
10. Forward biasing and reverse biasing of p-n junction. A p-n junction is said to be forward
biased if p region is maintained at higher potential with respect to n regions. A p-n junction is
said to be reverse biased if p region is maintained at lower potential with respect to n region.
11. (d) A is false and R is also false.
12. (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A. [Hint: The capacitance of a

as
K Œ0 A 1
, hence C μ and C μ K.

D
parallel plate capacitor is given by C =
d d

Shiv
13. (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
È mg 1.5 1 Ê 1 1 ˆ
Í Hint: m = = < 1, = (m - 1) Á -
Ë R 1 R 2 ˜¯
;
Î mc 1.65 f
f becomes negative and hence diverging lens
14. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
[Hint: The lower portion of wavefront, which travels through the maximum thickness of the glass gets delayed.
15. (i) (b); from high potential to low potential.

(ii) (b);
V

0
R

(iii) (d); R = 0
r r
(iv) (a); e, ...[In parallel combination, total emf is equal to one cell, while internal resistance is
n
.
n
(v) (a); Conductor and semiconductor [Hint: In conductors due to increase in temperature, the resistivity
increases and in semiconductors it decreases exponentially

È a sin 60 a sin 60
16. (i) (b); θ = 35° Í Hint : m g = ; mw = \ a mw ¥ w m g = a m g
ÍÎ sin 35 sin 41
sin i
(ii) (c); 105∞ [Hint: m = ; ∵ ∠r = 30∞; q = [180∞ – (i + r)=[180∞ – (45∞ + 30∞)] = (180∞ – 75∞) = 105∞
sin r
(iii) (d); a convergent and a divergent beam. [Hint: As m2>m1; the upper half of the lens will
become diverging; And m1>m3, the lower half of the lens will become converging.
(iv) (b); become infinite [Hint: When refractive index of lens is equal to the refractive index of liquid,
the lens behaves like a plane surface with focal length equal to infinity.
(v) (c); intensity of image will decrease [Hint: Image formed is complete, but has decreased intensity

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17. (a) Solenoid consists of a long wire wound in the form of a helix where the neighbouring turns
are closely spaced, whereas, the toroid is a hollow circular ring on which a large number of
turns of a wire is closely wound.
(b) Magnetic field inside a given solenoid is made strong by putting a soft iron core inside it. It
is strengthened by increasing the amount of current through it.

18. l = 600 nm = 600 × 10–9 m, D = 1.2 m

First minima at x1 = 3 mm = 3 × 10–3 m
Diffraction angle for first minima:
x1
q1 =
D
3 ¥ 10 -3 ¥ 10
q1 =

s
= 2.5 × 10–3 rad

a
12

D
We know, a sin q1 = nl, n=1

Shiv
a sin q1 = nl
Since angle is very small so sin q1 ~ q
l 600 ¥ 10 -9 6
a= q = = × 10–4 m = 2.4 × 10–4 m = 0.24 mm
1 2.5 ¥ 10 -3 2.5
\ a = 0.24 mm
19. Consider an electric dipole consisting of two points charged –q and +q and separated by
distance 2a. Let P be a point on the axis of the dipole at a distance r from its centre O.

Electric potential at point P due to the dipole is,

V = V1 + V2
1 -q 1 q 1 q 1 q
or V = 4 pe AP + 4 pe . BP or V = - 4 pe . r + a + 4 pe . r - a
0 0 0 0

q È 1 1 ˘ q È ( r + a) - (r - a) ˘
or V = 4 pe Í r - a - r + a ˙ or V = 4 pe Í ˙
0Î ˚ 0Î r 2 - a2 ˚
1 q ¥ 2a
or V = 4pe . r 2 - a 2
0
1 p
or V = 4pe . r 2 - a 2 ...where [p is dipole moment [p = q × 2a
0
For ideal dipole : a << r
1 p
So a2 << r2 \V= .
4 pe 0 r 2
PHYSICS—ANSWER SHEET 2 ✦ 55

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 Or
Æ
Consider a dipole with charges + q and – q placed in a uniform electric field E such that AB =
2a as shown in the figure.

Since the dipole experiences no net force in a uniform electric field but experiences a torque (t) is
given by
Æ Æ Æ
t = p × E \ t = pE sin q
It tends to rotate the dipole in clockwise direction. To rotate the dipole anti-clockwise work has to be
done on the dipole.

Das
q2 q2

Ú Ú pE sin qdq

v
W= tdq or W=

Shi
q1 q1

q
or W = pE [ - cos q ]q21 \ W = –pE [cos q2 – cos q1]

20. A measurement of the change in the reverse saturation current on

illumination can give the values of light intensity because
photocurrent is proportional to incident light intensity.

21. (i) Induced emf in a coil is e = NBAw sin wt. As the angular speed is same, induced emf will
also be same in both the loops.
e eA
(ii) Current induced in a loop is I = R = rl
As the resistivity of copper is lesser, more amount of current is induced in it.
nl
22. For a single slit of width ‘a’, the nth minimum, sin qn =
a
nl
or qn = (when q is small)
a
l
qn = (when n = 1 for the first minimum)
a
Now, the maximum of two narrow slits separated by a distance ‘a’
lD
Path difference, (x) =
d
x l l
angle (q) = = or ...[∵
∵ d = a)
D d a
l
This is why, at the same angle , we get a maximum for two narrow slits separated by a
a
distance ‘a’.
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23. (a) The important criteria for a material for solar cell fabrication
are:
(i) Band gap of the order of 1.0 eV to 1.8 eV
(ii) High optical absorption (–109 cm–1)
Silicon (band gap @ 1.1eV) and GaAs (band gap 1.43eV) satisfy
these criterion better than other materials.
(b) It does not draw current but supplies the same to the load.
24. Direction of the magnetic field lines is given by right hand thumb rule.

Or
No. Steady current is not the only source of magnetic field. Magnets are also source of
magnetic field. Unsteady current will also be source of varying magnetic field.

s
25. Given : R1 = 10 cm, R2 = – 15 cm, f = 12 cm

a
Using lens maker’s formula, we have

v D
1 Ê 1 1 ˆ

Shi
-
f = (n – 1) ÁË R 1 R 2 ˜¯
1 Ê 1 1 ˆ 1 Ê 3 + 2ˆ
fi = (n – 1) Á - fi = (n – 1) ÁË ˜
12 Ë 10 -15 ˜¯ 12 30 ¯
30 1 1 1 3
fi (n – 1) = ¥ = \ n=1+ = = 1.5
5 12 2 2 2
\ Refractive index of the material of the lens = 1.5
26. (a) Induced emf in rotating metallic rod: Suppose a rectangular loop LMNO is placed in a
uniform magnetic field B.

Suppose at any instant, length ON = x

Area of the loop LMNO = l x
Flux through the loop, f = Bl x ∵ Max flux, f = BA
…[∵
df d
Induced emf, E = - = Blx
dt dt
dx È dx
= – Bl = Blv ...where Í = –v, that is the velocity of conductor MN.
dt Î dt
(b) The induced emf produced in a rod (l) moved with velocity (v) kept in a magnetic field
(perpendicular to the plane of length of the rod) is given by e = Blv. …(i)
This induced emf is called motional emf, by moving a conductor instead of varying the magnetic
field; that is by changing the magnetic flux enclosed by the circuit.
We can explain motional emf by invoking the Lorentz force acting on the free charge carriers
of the conductor.
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 Lorentz force acting on charge q is
|F| = |qvB| …(ii)
The work done in moving the charge through a distance ‘l’ is : W = qvBl
W qvBl
Since the emf is the work done per unit charge, e = q = q = Blv …(iii)
This expression is the same as given in (i).
27. Potentiometer : A potentiometer is a device used to measure potential difference.
Principle : The basic principle of a potentiometer is that when a
constant current flows through a wire of uniform cross-sectional area
and composition, the potential drop across any length of the wire is
directly proportional to that length.
V ∝ l or V = Kl …where [K is called potential gradient
Close the key K1. A constant current flows through the potentiometer wire. With key K2 kept
open, move the jockey along AB till it balances the emf e of the
cell. Let l1 be the balancing length of the wire. If K is the potential
gradient, then emf of the cell will be
e = Kl1 …(i)
With the help of resistance box R.B, introduce a resistance R and
close key K2. Find the balance point for the terminal potential

s
difference V of the cell. If l2 is the balancing length, then

Da
V = Kl2 …(ii)

Shiv
e Kl1 l1
Dividing (ii) by (i), we have V = Kl = l
2 2
Let r be the internal resistance of the cell
e = I (R + r) and V = IR
e R + r l1
= =
V R l2
R r l1 r 1l
+ = fi 1+ R=l
R R l2 2

r 1l l1 - l2
fi R = l -1= l2
2

È l1 - l2 ˘
\ Internal resistance, r = R Í l ˙
Î 2 ˚
Or
(a) The connections between the resistors in a meter bridge are made of thick copper strip,
so as to have the minimum possible resistances.
(b) It is generally preferred to obtain the balance point in the middle of the meter bridge, so
as to minimise the error of balance.
(c) The material used for meter bridge is an alloy ‘constant’ or ‘manganin’ because of (i) high
resistivity and (ii) low temperature coefficient of resistivity.
28. (a) Important properties of Photons:
(i) In interaction of radiation with matter, radiation behaves as if it is made up of
particles called photons.
(ii) Each photon has energy E (= hn) and momentum p (= hn/c), and speed c, the speed
of light.
(iii) All photons of light of a particular frequency n, or wavelength l, have the same
energy E (= hn = hc/l) and momentum p (= hn/c = h/l), whatever the intensity of
radiation may be. By increasing the intensity of light of given wavelength, there is
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 only an increase in the number of photons per second crossing a given area, with
each photon having the same energy. Thus, photon energy is independent of
intensity of radiation.
(iv) Photons are electrically neutral and are not deflected by electric and magnetic fields.
(v) In a photon-particle collision (such as photon-electron collision), the total energy and
total momentum are conserved. However, the number of photons may not be
conserved in a collision. The photon may be absorbed or a new photon may be
created.
(b) Einstein’s photoelectric equation is
Kmax = hn – f0 …(i)
(i) Threshold frequency. Since Kmax must be non-negative, equation (i) implies that
photoelectric emission is possible only if
f0
hn > f0 or n > n0, where n0 =
h
This equation shows that the greater the work function f0, higher the threshold
frequency n0 needed to emit photoelectrons.
Thus, there exists a threshold frequency n0 (= f0/h) for the metal surface, below
which no photoelectric emission is possible, no matter how intense the incident
radiation may be or how long it falls on the surface.
(ii) Stopping potential. The minimum value of negative potential n0, which should be

as
applied to the anode in a photocell, so that the photoelectric current becomes zero, is

D
called Stopping potential.

Shiv
1
\ Kmax = mv2max = eV0
2
eV0 = hn – f0; for n ≥ n0
Ê hˆ f
or V0 = ÁË ˜¯ V – 0
e e
V0 is the stopping potential.
Or
(a) ‘X’ is a collector plate potential.
(b) ‘A’ represents the stopping potential.
(c) Graph for different frequencies:

(d) Graph for different intensities:

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 29. (i) Given :
r1 = 5.3 × 10–11 m, r2 = 21.2 × 10–11 m,
r2 21.1 ¥ 10 -11
= =4
r1 5.3 ¥ 10 -11
Since r μ n2
2
Ê n2 ˆ r2
ÁË n ˜¯ = r = 4 fi
n2
= 4 =2
1 1 n1
\ n2 = 2n1
Therefore, Value of principal quantum number in this excited state is 2.
(ii) Energy of electron in ground state = –13.6 eV
-13.6
En =
n2
-13.6 -13.6
\ En = (2)2 = 4 = – 3.4 eV

\ Total energy of the atom in this excited state = –3.4 eV

30. (a) Since the total binding energy of nuclei on the left side of the reaction is not the same

s
as the total binding energy of nucleus on the right hand side, this difference of binding

a
energy appears as the energy released.

v D
(b) Since the total binding energy of nuclei on the left side of the reaction is not the same

Shi
as the total binding energy of nucleus on the right hand side, this difference of binding
energy appears as the energy released.

For separation (r) £ 0.8 fermi

Force is repulsive
For r > 0.8 fermi force will be attractive.
31. (a) Charging of capacitor with dc battery. Whenever parallel plate capacitor is connected
with dc source, plates start acquiring charge in accordance with the terminals of the
battery till potential difference across the plates becomes equal to terminal potential of dc
battery.
s Q
(b) (i) The electric field between the plates of parallel plate capacitor, E0 = e = e A
0 0
Q e
If dielectric is inserted, E’ = = 0
e0A.K K
So, the electric field intensity decreases to 1/K times.
(ii) Since Energy stored in the capacitor
Q 2 Ê Q2 ˆ Ê d ˆ Q2 d
... ÈÍ∵ C =
e 0A
U = 2C = Á 2 ˜ ¥ ÁË e A ˜¯ = 2 e A ...(i)
Ë ¯ 0 0 Î d
Q 2 Ê Q 2 ˆ Ê d1 ˆ Q 2 d1
Similarly, U’ = 2C' = Á ˜ ¥ Á ˜ = ...(ii)
Ë 2 ¯ Ë 2Ke 0A ¯ 2Ke 0A

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 2 Ê Q2 d ˆ
= K Á 2e A ˜ [∵ d1 = 2d]
Ë 0 ¯
2
= [U] [∵ 1 < K < 2]
K
Therefore, energy stored between the plates increases.
(c) Graph of Electric field E as a function of x:

Or
(a) (i) Potential Energy of an Electric dipole:
Æ Æ Æ Æ
Torque acting on dipole t = p ¥ E fi t = pE sin q n
\ Work done, dw = t.dq = pE sin q.dq
[∵ w = pE sin q

as
q2 q2

D
Ú dw = pE Ú sin q dq

v
w=

Shi
q1 q1
q
• • fi w = pE [ - cos q ]q21 fi w = pE[cos q1 – cos q2]
If q1 = 0, q2 = q \ w = pE (1– cosqq)
(ii) Conditions:
For stable equilibrium: When electric dipole is parallel to electric field.
For unstable equilibrium: Anti Parallel to electric field.
(b) (i) It is NOT necessary that the electrostatic potential be zero at a point, where the
electric field is zero.
(ii) Inside Equipotential surface is such example.
32. (a) Let an alternating current I = Im sin wt be passing through a network of L, C and R
creating a potential difference of V = Vm sin (wt ± f) where f is the phase difference.
Then the power consumed is
P = VI = Vm Im sin (wt ± f) sin wt
= Vm Im (sin wt cos f ± cos wt sin f) sin wt
1
= Vm Im (sin2 wt cos f ± sin 2wt sin f)
2
T

Ú Pdt VmI m
0
= È 1 ˘
... Í∵ Ú sin 2 wt cos fdt +
2Ú
Pav = T T sin f sin 2 wt dt ˙
Î ˚
Ú dt
0

VmI m È T ˘ È T T ˘
Pav = cos f + 0 ˙ ... Í∵ Ú sin 2 wt dt = T and Ú sin 2 wt dt = 0 ˙
T ÍÎ 2 ˚ 2
ÎÍ 0 0 ˚˙
VmI m
Pav = cos f fi Pav = Vrms Irms cos f
2
(b) Quality factor should be high to have the current corresponding to a particular frequency

PHYSICS—ANSWER SHEET 2 ✦ 61

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 to be more and to avoid the other unwanted frequencies. Q-factor depends on f, L, R
and C.
Sharpness of resonance is determined by quality factor (Q) of the circuit i.e.,
w 0L 1 1 L
Q= = =
R w 0CR R C
Larger the value of Q, Sharper is the resonance i.e. sharper peak in the current.
Or
(a) R.M.S. value of current say I = Im sin wt is given by
T

Ú Im sin
2 2
wt dt T
Im
Ú sin
0 2
T
= wt dt
Irms = T
Ú dt 0

T
Im Ê 1 - cos 2 wt ˆ Im È T ˘ I m
= T = Ú ÁË 2
˜¯ dt = Í ˙=
T ÎÍ 2 ˚˙ 2
...where [I m is the peak value of current
0

(b) The supply of ac to the primary will bring a varying flux in the secondary causing

s
df s

a
emf. Since fS μ NS and eS = the emf induced in the secondary flux will be more

D
dt

Shiv
than the primary as the condition NS > NP is satisfied. Production of high voltage does
not violate the law of conservation of energy as the current will be reduced in the
process.

As VS > VP with NS > NP. Hence IS will become less than IP.
33. (a) The power of a lens is the reciprocal of its focal length.
1
P = f ...[when ‘f ‘ is taken in meters

Ê n2 - n1 ˆ Ê 1 1 ˆ
P = ÁË -
n1 ˜¯ ÁË R 1 R 2 ˜¯

n2 - n1 Ê 2 ˆ È 1 1 1
= Á- ˜ ... Í∵ R = R = R
n1 Ë R ¯ Î 1 2

= negative ...[∵
∵ R1 is negative for diverging lens
(i) If n1 > n2 (given)
n2 - n1
n1 becomes negative

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 1
\ P = f becomes positive
or lens becomes converging
(ii) ∵ (n2)violet > (n2)red
which means that the power of lens increases on changing to violet light from red
light.
(b) Given : f1 = f2 = f3 = 30 cm
u1 = 60 cm, I3 is formed at the focus of L3.
L1 L2 = ?; L2L3 = ?
Since final image (I3) is formed at the focus of L3, the rays emerging from L2 and incident on
L3 have to be parallel to principal axis.
Since the object is placed at a distance of 60 cm from L1, i.e., at 2F; the image will be formed
at 2F on the other side of L1 (60 cm).
This image I1 will be at the focus of L2, because rays emerging out from L2 are parallel to
principal axis.
(i) ∵ L1L2 = 2f1 + f2 = (2 × 30) + 30 = 90 cm
(ii) L2L3 can be any distance.
Or

s
(a) Huygen’s principle: “(i) Each point on a wavefront acts as a fresh source of new

Da
disturbance called secondary waves or wavelets; (ii) The secondary wavelets spread out in

Shiv
all directions with the speed of wave in the given medium; (iii) The new wavefront at any
later time is given by the forward envelope (tangential surface in the forward direction) of
the secondary wavelets at that time.”

The reason is that the intensity of the central maxima is due to the constructive interference
of wavelets from all parts of the slit, the first secondary maxima is due to the contribution
of wavelets from one third part of the slit (wavelets from remaining two parts interfere
destructively), the second secondary maxima is due to the contribution of wavelets from
the one fifth part only (the remaining four parts interfere destructively) and so on. Hence,
the intensity of secondary maxima decreases with the increase in the order n of the maxima.
+l -l
(b) Central bright lies between, q = and q = . Therefore, Angular width of central bright
a a
2l λ 2l
fringe = 2q = . So, 1st diffraction fringe, lies between q1 = and q2 = . Therefore,
a a a

Ê 2l l ˆ l
Angular width of first diffraction fringe is ÁË - ˜= Hence proved.
a a¯ a
(c) If monochromatic source of light is replaced by a source of white light, instead of white fringes
we obtain few coloured fringes and then uniform illumination.
❒ ❒ ❒ ❒
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 Answer Sheet 3
S A M P L E G U E S S P A P E R 3

Series : CBSE / SGP / 2021-03 Code No. 042

Roll No.

PHYSICS
SECTION – A
1. No, it does not, because the charge resides only on the surface of the conductor.
2. Name: X-rays
Use: In medical diagnosis to look for broken bones; treatment study of crystal structure.

as
Or

D
Speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum is determined by the ratio of the peak values of

Shiv
electric and magnetic field vectors.
E0
i.e., C = B
0
→ → →
3. F = q( V × B ) …[q is the magnitude of the moving charges
→ →
This force is normal to both the directions of velocity V and magnetic field B .
4. Because of Eddy Current.
If the upper force of the core of the electromagnet acquires north polarity, then according to
Lenz’s Law, the lower face of the disc will also acquire north polarity. Due to the force of
repulsion between the lower face (N-pole) of the core of the electromagnet, the disc jumps
upto a certain height.
Or
When both magnets move towards the loop, the A side plate of
capacitor will be positive while the lower plate B is negative, making
the induced current in a clockwise direction.
5. r = n2 × 5.3 × 10–11 m
\ Radius of second excited state (n = 3) is:
r = (3)2 × 5.3 × 10–11 m = 9 × 5.3 × 10–11 m = 4.77 × 10–10 m
h 1
6. As λ = because slope ∝ = .
2 mqV m
Slope of line B > Slope of line A
1 1
mB > mA ⇒ mB < mA \ m B < mA

\ Line B represents a particle of smaller mass, will have greater slope which is represented
by the graph ‘B’.
7. (i) Nuclear forces are the strongest force in nature.
(ii) They are saturated forces.
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 (iii) They are charge independent.
Or
Since nuclear density is independent of the mass number, the ratio of nuclear densities will be
1 : 1.
[Hint: Radius of nucleus, R = R0A1/3
Mass mA mA mA m
Density = Volume 4 3 4 4 4 3
SR S(R 0A 1/3 )3 S(R 03A ) SR
3 3 3 3
8. The fractional increase in majority carriers is much less than the fractional increase in minority
carriers. Consequently, the fractional change due to the photo-effects on the minority carrier
dominated reverse bias current is more easily measurable than the fractional change in the
majority carrier dominated forward bias current.
Or
Solar Cell
9. n-type semiconductor p-type semiconductor
The electron density (ne) is much greater The hole density (nh) is much greater than
than the hole density (nh), i.e., ne >> nh. the electron density (ne), i.e., nh >> ne.
10. (i) In forward biased, the width of depletion layer of a p-n junction decreases.
(ii) In reverse biased, the width of depletion layer of a p-n junction increases.

as
11. (b) Both A and R are true but R is Not the correct explanation of A.

D
[Hint: Force of any charge due to other charges is the vector sum of all the forces on that charge

Shiv
due to other charges, taken one at a time. The individual forces are unaffected due to the presence
of other charges. This is the principle of superimposition of charges.
12. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
[Hint: Even though the field may have considerable strength, the potential difference between two
conductors of a capacitor is small, because the field lines are confined within a small region of space.
13. (b) Both A and R are true but R is Not the correct explanation of A.
14. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

SECTION – B
1
15. (i) (c) varies as 2 where r is the distance from the axis.
r
ª 1 1 1 1
(ii) (b) 10 mC « Hint: C  
C1 C 2 C 3
and q CV
¬
(iii) (c) The potential difference between the free plates is 2V. [Hint: V = V1 + V2 = V + V = 2V
(iv) (d) (n – 1)C ...[Hint: Ceq = (n – 1)C
(v) (a) increases
16. (i) (a) interference
c Ov Ov 6 , 000
(ii) (b) 4000 [Hint: P O Og
? Og
P 1.5 = 4,000
(iii) (c) They will remain spherical, with the same curvature, but sign of curvature reversed.
(iv) (a) wave nature
(v) (c) converging spherical

SECTION – C
17. Biot-Savart law and its applications : Biot-Savart law states that “the magnitude of the magnetic
field dB at any point due to a small current element dl is given by
μ0 sin θ
dB = Idl 2 .
4π r
...where [I is the magnitude of current; dl is the length of element; θ is the angle length of between the element
and the line joining the element to the point of observation; r is the distance of the point from the element.

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 In vector form, d B =
→ ( →
μ0 d l × r
I
→
)
4π r3
Its S.I. unit is tesla. Its direction is perpendicular to the plane in which X
→ →
d l and r lie
Since, dB ∝ I d l × r ( → →
)
dB is the direction given by ( dlk × r j )
i.e., –dlr i is along the negative x-axis.
18. Given. l = 500 nm = 500 × 10–9m, D = 1, xn = 2.5 mm = 2.5 × 10–3 m,
n=1
xn d
As we know, = nλ
D
nλD
d= x
n
1
\ d = 1 × (500 × 10–9) × = 2 × 10–4 m
2.5 × 10−3
19. (i) Here q1 = 20 × 10–6 C, q2 = –4 × 10–6 C and AB = 50 cm = 0.50 m = 0.5m
Let AP = x then PB = 0.5 – x

as
Kq1

D
Potential at P due to charge q1 =
AP

Shiv
Kq 2
Potential at P due to charge q2=
PB
Kq1 Kq2
∵ Potential at P = 0 fi + =0
AP PB
Kq1 Kq q q
fi =− 2 fi 1 =− 2
AP PB AP PB
20 × 10 −6 ( −4 × 10 −6 ) 20 4
fi =− fi x = 0.5 − x
x 0.5 − x
10 5
fi 10 – 20x = 4x fi 24x = 10 \ x = 24 = 12 m
Kq1q2 9 × 10 9 (20 × 10 −6 )(4 × 10 −6 )
(ii) U = r
= = 1.45 J
50 × 10 −2
Or
Initial P.E. of the three charges
1 1 2 ⎡q q
2 3 1 3 q q qq ⎤
ui = 4 πε ⎢ r + r + r ⎥
0 ⎣ ⎦
1 ⎡ q( −4q ) ( −4q ) × 2 q q × 2 q ⎤
= 4 πε ⎢ + +
0 ⎣ r r r ⎥⎦
10q 2 −9 × 10 9 × 10 × (1.6 × 10 −10 )2 J
=– 1 . =
4 πε 0 r 0.10

−9 × 109 × 10 × 2.56 × 10 −20 × 100

= = –23.04 × 10–9 = –2.304 × 10–8 J
10
Final P.E, uf = 0
\ Work required to dissociate the system of three charges, W = uf – ui = –2.304 × 10–8 J
20. The important considerations required while fabricating a p-n junction diode to be used as a
Light Emitting Diode (LED) are:
(i) The Light Emitting efficiency is maximum.

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 (ii) The reverse breakdown voltage of LEDs are very low. Care should be taken that high
reverse voltages do not appear across them.
(iii) The semiconductor used for fabrication of visible LEDs must have a band gap of 1.8 eV
(spectral range of visible light is from about 0.4 μm to 0.7 μm i.e. from about 3 eV to
1.8 eV).
21. The self-inductance of a coil may be defined as the induced emf set up in the coil due to a unit
rate of change of current through it.
Let I be the current through the inductor L at any instant t.
dl
The current rises at the rate dI/dt, so the induced emf is e = –L dt
Work done against the induced emf in small time dt is
dI
dW = |e| Idt = LI dt dt = LIdI
Total work done in building up the current from 0 to I in
I I I
⎡ I2 ⎤ 1
W= ∫ ∫0
∫
dW = LIdI = L IdI = L ⎢ ⎥ = LI 2
0
⎣ 2 ⎦0 2

This work done is stored as the magnetic field energy U in the inductor.
1
\ U = 2 LI 2

s
22. (i) Diffraction from each slit is related to interference pattern in a double slit experiment in

Da
the following ways:

Shiv
• The intensity of minima for diffraction is never zero, while for interference it is
generally zero.
• All bright fringes for diffraction are not of uniform intensity, while for interference,
these are of uniform intensity.
(ii) Waves from the distant source are diffracted by the edge of the circular obstacle and these
diffracted waves interfere constructively at the centre of the obstacle’s shadow producing
a bright spot.
23. Since the diodes used are ideal, the diode D1 in forward bias will conduct the current in
forward direction, while diode D2 in reverse bias will not allow any current to flow.
As such, 2 Ω with D1 and 1 W are in series, the net resistance of the circuit will be 2 Ω + 1 Ω = 3 Ω,
6V
\ I = 3Ω = 2A
Hence, the value of the current flowing through 1W W resistor 2A.
24. West end of the wire must be at higher electric potential. According to Fleming’s Right Hand
rule, “the direction of induced emf is from West to East”.
Or
At poles of the Earth. The Earth’s magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface of the Earth.
25. Given. ∠A = 60º and –e = –r
3
–e = –r = 4 × 60º = 45º
We know, that d + A = i + e fi d=i+e–A \ d = 45º + 45º – 60º = 30º
(i) Angle of deviation = 30º
A + δm 60º + 30º
sin sin
2 2
(ii) m = A fi m= 60º
sin sin
2 2
sin 45º 1 2 1
fi m = sin 30º = 1 / 2 fi m= ×2= 2 = 1.41
2
\ Refractive index of prism = 1.41
PHYSICS—ANSWER SHEET 3 ✦ 67

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 SECTION – D
1
26. Given. W = 2 LI2

dφ dI
We know that, e = –N . Also, e = –L dt
dt
From these two equations, we get
Ndφ / dt Nφ
L = dI / dt = I ...[(N = n × l)
→
fi L = N(B .A) = N(μ0 nI)A
I I
nl(μ 0 nI)A
fi L= = μ 0 n 2Al
I
1 1
Since magnetic energy = 2 LI 2 = 2 (μ0 n2 Al )I 2
1
fi Expression for magnetic energy = 2 (μ 0n 2 I 2 Al )
Energy
Energy density =
Volume
1 μ 02 n 2 I 2 (Al )
= 2 μ (Al )

s
...[V = Al

a
0

D
1 ( μ 0nI)2 B2

v
= 2 \ Energy density = 2μ

Shi
μ0 0

27. (i) Equivalent circuit of the given problem is shown in the given
diagram. The simplified circuit is equivalent to a balanced
wheatstone bridge.
Hence there will be no current in arm CD, ICD = 0.
VC = VD
2R
RAB = 2 = RW
(ii) Being a balanced wheatstone bridge,
ICD = 0
V = 10 volt
R = 2W
VAB = 10 volt
10
RACB = 4W \ IACB = 4 = 2.5A

28. (i) Cut-off voltage. The value of the retarding potential at which the photo electric current
becomes zero is called cut-off or stopping potential for the given frequency of the incident
radiation.
(ii) Threshold frequency. The minimum value of the frequency of incident radiation below
which the photoelectric emission stops altogether is called threshold frequency.
According to Einstein’s photo electric equation, maximum K.E. of a photo electron is given
by Kmax = hv – W0
If V0 is the stopping potential, then
Kmax = eV0

⎛ h⎞ W
\ eV0 = hv – W0 fi V0 = ⎝ e ⎠ v − e 0 ...(i)

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 We compare this equation with the straight line equation,
y = mx + c
h
Clearly, Slope of V0 – v graph = e
V0 is the threshold frequency –
W
and − 0 is the cut-off or stopping voltage.
e
Or
Graph:

VS
Stopping
Potential

B
A

v
vB vA v

(i) For material B, because from the graph for the same value of ‘v’, stopping potential is more
⎡ h ⎤
for material ‘B’ ⎢ V0 = e ( v − v0 )⎥ .
⎣ ⎦

s
\ V0 is higher for lower value of v0.

Da
h

v
(ii) No, it does not depend on the nature of material used. As slope is given by e which is

Shi
constant.
29. (a) 275 nm corresponds to utraviolet radiation.
hC
Using E = λ and h = 4.14 × 10–15 eV

hC 4.14 × 10 −15 eV × 3 × 108 12.42 × 10 −7

l= = =
E E E

hC 12.42 × 10 −7
lA = = = 6.21×10–7m = 621 nm
E 2

12.42 × 10 −7 24.84 × 10 −7
lB = = = 2.76 × 10–7 = 276 nm
4.5 9
\ lB corresponds to 276 nm.
12.42 × 10 −7 24.84 × 10 −7
lC = = = 4.968 × 10–7 m = 496.8 nm
2.5 5
12.42 × 10 −7
lD = = 1.552 × 10–7 = 155.2 nm
8
(b) The maximum wavelength of the emission corresponds to the radiation due to the
transition A.
30. The graph indicates that the attractive force between the two 200
nucleons is strongest at a separation r0 = 1 fm. For a separation 100
greater than r0, the force is attractive and for separation less than D
0
r0, the force is strongly repulsive.
–100
Two characteristic features of nuclear forces : C 1 2 3×10
–13

1. Strongest interaction
2. Short-range force
3. Charge independent character (Any two)

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 31. (a) Principle. The basic principle of a potentiometer is that “When a constant current flows through a
wire of uniform cross-sectional area and composition, the potential drop across any length of the
wire is directly proportional to that length.” v μ l.
Comparison of emfs of two cells. First of all the ends of potentiometer are connected to a
battery B1, key K and rheostat Rh such that the positive terminal of battery B1 is connected
to end A of the wire. This completes the primary circuit.
Now the positive terminals of the cells C1 and C2 whose emfs are to be compared are
connected to A and the negative terminals to the jockey J through a two-way key and a
galvanometer, as shown in the figure. This is the secondary circuit.
Method:
(i) By closing key K, a potential difference is
established and rheostat is so adjusted that
when jockey J is made to touch at ends A
and B of wire, the deflection in galvano-
meter is on both sides. Suppose in this
position the potential gradient is k.
(ii) Now plug is inserted between the terminals
1 and 3 so that cell C1 is included in the
secondary circuit and jockey J is slided on
the wire at P1 (say) to obtain the null point.

as
The distance of P1 from A is measured. Suppose this length is l1 i.e. AP1 = l1

D
\ The emf of cell C1, ε1 = kl1 ...(i)

Shiv
(iii) Now plug is taken off between the terminals 1 and 3 and inserted in between the
terminals 2 and 3 to bring cell C2 in the circuit. Jockey is slided on wire and null
deflection position P2 is noted. Suppose distance of P2 from A is l2 i.e. AP2 = l2
\ The emf of cell C2, ε2 = kl2 ...(ii)
ε1 l1
Dividing (i) by (ii), we get ε = l ...(iii)
2 2
Thus emfs of cells may be compared. Out of these cells if one is standard cell, then the
emf of other cell may be calculated.
(b) Causes for one sided deflection:
(i) Potential difference between the ends of the potentiometer wire is less than the emf of
the cell in the secondary circuit.
(ii) The positive side of the driving cell is connected to the negative terminal of the cell in
the secondary circuit.
Or
(i) Drift velocity may be defined as the average velocity gained by the free electrons of a
conductor in the opposite direction of the externally applied field.
(ii) Relaxation time. The average time that elapses between two successive collisions of an
electron is called relaxation time.
→
→ → E →
Vd = a τ = −e τ ...where [ V d is called drift velocity of electrons.
m
Suppose a potential difference V is applied across a conductor of length ‘l’ and of uniform
cross-section A, then Electric field E set up inside the conductor is given by:
V
E= l
→
Under the influence of field E , the free
electrons begin to drift in the opposite direction
→
E with an average drift velocity Vd.

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 Let the number of electrons per unit volume or electron density = n
Charge on an electron = e
Number of electrons in length l of the conductor = n × volume of conductor = nAl
Total charge contained in length l of the conductor, q = enAl
According to the electrons which enter the conductor at the right end will pass through the
conductor at the left end in time,
distance l
t = velocity = V
d
enAl q
Current, I = t = l / v = enAvd
d
eEτ eVτ
I = enAvd \ vd = m = ml
eV τ
I = enAvd = enA. ml

v ml ml
=
I ne 2 τA \ R= ...where [R is electrical resistivity
ne 2 τA
l AR Aml m
R = ρ A , or r = l \ r= 2 =
ne τAl ne 2 τ
(iii) Because constantan and manganin show very weak dependence of resistivity on

as
temperature.

D
32. Let an alternating current I = Im sin wt be passing through a network of network of L, C and R

Shiv
creating a potential difference of V = Vm sin (wt ± f) where f is the phase difference.
Then the power consumed is
P = VI = Vm Im sin (wt ± f) sin wt
= VmIm(sin wt cosf +
– cos wt sin f) sin wt
1
= Vm Im (sin2 wt cosf +
– 2 sin 2wt sin f)
T

∫ Pdt Vm I m
... ⎡⎢∵ sin 2 ωt cos φdt +
1
Pav = 0
T
=
T ∫
⎣ 2∫sin φ sin 2 ωt dt

∫
0
dt

⎡ T T
T
Pav
V I ⎡T
⎣
⎤
= mT m ⎢ 2 cos φ + 0⎥
⎦ ⎢ ∫
... ⎢∵ sin 2 ωt dt =
⎣ 0
2
and
∫ sin 2ωt dt = 0
0

Vm I m ⎡ V I
Pav = cos φ ⇒ Pav = VrmsIrms cos f ... ⎢∵ Vrms = m and I rms = m
2 ⎣ 2 2

Resonant circuit can be used in the tuning mechanism of a radio or a TV set.

The antenna of a radio accepts signals from many broadcasting 1.0
stations. The signals picked up in the antenna act as a source in
the tuning circuit of the radio, so the circuit can be driven at 0.5 (i)
many frequencies. But to hear one particular radio station, we (ii)
i mA

tune the radio. In tuning, we vary the capacitance of a capacitor w 0

in the tuning circuit such that the resonant frequency of the 0.0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
circuit becomes nearly equal to the frequency of the radio signal w, Mrad/s
received. When this happens, the amplitude of the current with the frequency of the signal of
the particular radio station in the circuit is maximum.
PHYSICS—ANSWER SHEET 3 ✦ 71

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 Or
(a) Principle. It is a device which converts high voltage
a.c. into low voltage a.c. and vice versa. It is based
upon the principle of mutual induction. When
alternating current passes through a coil, an
induced emf is set up in the neighbouring coil.
Construction. A transformer consists of two coils of
many turns of insulated copper wire wound on a
closed laminated iron core. One of the coils known as Primary ‘P’ is connected to A.C.
supply. The other coil known as Secondary ‘S’ is connected to the load.
Working. When an alternating current passes through the primary, the magnetic flux
through the iron core changes which does two things. It produces emf in the primary and
an induced emf is also set up in the secondary. If we assume that the resistance of primary
is negligible, the back emf will be equal to the voltage applied to the primary.
dφ dφ
\ VP = −N P and VS = −N S
dt dt
...where [NP and NS are number of turns in the primary and secondary
respectively. Vp and Vs are their respective voltages.
VS N S
\ =
VP N P

as
Ns

D
This ratio N is called the turns ratio.

v
P

Shi
In a step-up transformer: NS > NP \ VS > VP
In a step-down transformer: NS < NP \ VS < VP
(b) Four causes of energy loss:
(i) Magnetic flux loss
(ii) Hystersis loss
(iii) Iron loss
(iv) Losses due to the resistance of primary and secondary coils.
33. (a) The figure shows the passage of light through a triangular prism ABC. The angles of
incidence and refraction at the first face AB are i and r1,
while the angle of incidence (from glass to air) at the
second face AC is r2 and the angle of refraction or
emergence e. The angle between the emergent ray RS
and the direction of the incident ray PQ is called the
angle of deviation δ.
In the quadrilateral AQNR, two of the angles (at the
vertices Q and R) are right angles.
Therefore, the sum of the other angles of the quadrilateral is 180°.
–A + –QNR = 180°
From the triangle QNR,
r1 + r2 + –QNR = 180°
Comparing these two equations, we get
r1 + r2 = A
The total deviation δ is the sum of deviations at the two faces, δ = (i – r1) + (e – r2) that is
δ = i + e or –i + –e = –A + δ ...(i)
A plot between the angle of deviation and angle of incidence is shown in the figure. In
general, any given value of δ, except for i = e, corresponds to two values i and hence of e.
This, in fact, is expected from the symmetry of i and e in equation (i) above, i.e., δ remains
the same if i and e are interchanged.
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 Physically, this is related to the fact that the path of ray in the
given diagram can be traced back, resulting in the same angle
of deviation. At the minimum deviation dm, the refracted ray
inside the prism becomes parallel to its base. We have,
δ = dm .
When angle of incidence (i) and angle of emergence (e) are
equal, i.e., –i = –e
(b) We know that for a prism
⎛ A + dm ⎞
Sin ⎝
2 ⎠
m=
sin ⎛ A⎞
⎝ 2⎠
Given, –A = –dm

sin ⎛
A+A ⎞ A A
⎝ 2 ⎠ sin A 2 sin 2 cos 2
m = = =
A A A
sin sin sin
2 2 2
A 3
= 2 cos 2 = 2 cos 30º = 2 ×
2

= 3 = 1.732

Das ...[Given A = 60º

v
Or

Shi
(a) (i) Two independent monochromatic sources of light cannot produce a sustained
interference pattern. The phase difference between these two sources will
continuously vary; and the positions of maxima and minima will change with time.
(ii) y1 = a cos wt, and y2 = a cos(wt + f)
φ φ
y = (y1 + y2) = a[cos wt + cos(wt + f)] = 2 a cos ⎜⎛ ⎟⎞ cos ⎜⎛ wt + ⎟⎞
⎝2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠

⎛ ⎞ φ
The resultant amplitude is A = 2 a cos ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
⎛φ⎞ ⎛φ⎞
and hence intensity (I) = 4a2 cos2 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ = 4I0 cos2 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠

(b) I = I1 + I2 + 2 I 1 I 2 cos φ
Let I0 be the intensity of either source, then
I1 = I2 = I0
φ
and I = 2I0 (1 + cos φ) = 4I0 cos2 2
When p = λ, φ = 2π
φ
\ I = 4I0 cos2 = 4I0 cos2π = 4I0 = K
2
λ 2π
When p = , φ=
3 3

π 1 K
\ I = 4I0 cos2 = 4I0 × = I0 =
3 4 4

❒ ❒ ❒ ❒
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 Answer Sheet 4
S A M P L E G U E S S P A P E R 4

Series : CBSE / SGP / 2021-04 Code No. 042

Roll No.

PHYSICS
SECTION – A
1. When dipole moment vector is parallel to electric field vector.
→ →
P || E

s
2. Ultraviolet rays are absorbed from sunlight by ozone layer.

Da
Or

Shiv
Yes, they do, because of change of magnetic flux associated with circular loop.
E
3. V=
B
and electric and magnetic fields are mutually perpendicular.

4. Clockwise direction.
Or
2 (210)2 210 × 210
Resistance = V = = = 70 W
P 630 630
n2 h
5. Radius of Bohr’s stationary orbits, r =
4π 2 mK e 2
Clearly, r ∝ n2 and in ground state, n = 1
22 4
For 1st excited state, n = 2 \ Ratio of radii of the orbits = = =4:1
1
12
6. One reason why wave theory of light does not support photoelectric effect is that the kinetic
energy of photo electrons does not depend on the intensity of incident light.
A1 8
7. A1 : A2 = 8 : 125 fi =
A 2 125
1/3 3 × 1/3
R 1 A 11/3 81/3 ⎛ 23 ⎞
=⎛ ⎞
2 2
Since R = R0 A1/3 \ = = = ⎜ 3⎟ =
R2 A2 1/3 125 1/3 ⎝5 ⎠ ⎝ 5⎠ 5
Or
1. Nuclear forces are the strongest forces in nature.
2. Nuclear forces are charge independent.
8. A photodiode is a special purpose p-n junction diode fabricated with a transparent window to
allow light to fall on diode. It is operated under reverse bias.
Or
(i) In forward biased, the width of depletion layer of a p-n junction decreases.
(ii) In reverse biased, the width of depletion layer of a p-n junction increases.
9. Solar cell.
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10. GaAs in most commonly used in making of a solar cell because:
(i) It has high optical absorption (~ 104 cm–1).
(ii) It has high electrical conductivity.
11. (d) A is false and R is also false.
[Hint: The whole charge of a conductor can be transferred to another isolated conductor, if it is
placed inside the hollow insulated conductor and connected with it.
12. (c) A is true but R is false.
[Hint: When an electric field is applied to the dielectric, each molecule of dielectric gets polarised,
centres of gravity of positive and negative charges get displaced from each other. Electric dipoles
are produced inside.
13. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
[Hint: For an thin prism, the relation between angle of deviation (δ) and angle of prism (A) and m
is d = (m – 1)A.
14. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

SECTION – B
15. (i) (d) all of the above
(ii) (a) 1 V [Hint: Resistance in both the arms CAD and CBD is equal,
and hence same current flows in both the arms.
(iii)(a) the current through each resistance is same.

as
(iv) (b) n2

D
[Hint: To get maximum value of equivalent resistance, all resistances must be connected in series.

Shiv
\ R¢ = nR. To get minimum value of equivalent resistance all resistance must be connected in parallel.
n R IF nr
\ R’’ = R R” = r / n = n 2

ΔE 9−7 2
(v) (a) 8.4 V [Hint: I = r + r = 3 + 7 = 10 = 0.2A
1 2
(V)E1 = 9 – (0.2 × 3) = 8.4; (V)E2 = 7 + (0.2 × 7) = 8.4 V
3 φ
16. (i) (d) 4 I 0 [Hint: The resultant intensity I = I0 cos2 2 . The I0 is the maximum
π 3
intensity and θ = π/3; Here I = I0 cos2 ⎛ π × 1 ⎞ = I0 cos2 = I0
⎝ 3 2⎠ 6 4
2 2
I max ( A + B ) 9 (A + B) 3 A+B
(ii) (b) 4 : 1 [Hint: I = ∴ = or = ⇒ A = 2B
min (A − B) 2 1 (A − B) 2 1 A−B
I1 A2 (2B)2 4
Now, I = B2 = B2 = 1
2
(iii)(c) conservation of energy holds good and energy is redistributed
λ λD d λ
(iv) (a) θ [Hint: Fringe width (b) =
d
and θ =
D
\b=
θ
(v) (c) 2l

SECTION – C
17. (i)

(ii) K.E. does not change irrespective of the direction of the charge as
→→
( → →) →
Power delivered, F . v = q v × B . v = 0 ...[∵ scalar triple product (→v × →B ) . →v = 0 ]
PHYSICS—ANSWER SHEET 4 ✦ 75

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 18. Two conditions for obtaining coherent sources:
(i) Two sources should give monochromatic light.
(ii) Coherent sources of light should be obtained from a single source by some device.
λD
The fringe width (dark and bright) is given by b = d
Hence, it is same for both dark and bright fringes. So they are equally spaced on the screen.
19. Let C1, C2 and C3 be the capacitances of three capacitors. But these three capacitors are of same
capacitance, so C is the capacitance of each capacitor.
C1 = C2 = C3 = C
When C1, C2 and C3 are connected in series:
1 1 1 1
= + +
CS C1 C2 C3

1 1 1 1 3 C
fi C =C+C+C=C fi C S = 3 = 3μ F ...[ ∵ CS = 3 m F
S

\ C = 9 mF
When C1, C2 and C3 are connected in parallel.
Cp = 3C = 3 × 9 mF = 27 mF
1
Energy stored in capacitor is, E = 2 CV2
SE s C 3
\ E = C = 27 = 9
1

Das \ Ratio = 1 : 9

Shiv
p p
Or

1 q
E=
E1
4Z ε 0 r2
or 1 q
V=
V 4Z ε 0 r2

20. Rectifier. A rectifier is a circuit which converts an alternating current into direct current.
p-n diode as a half wave rectifier. A half
wave rectifier consists of a single diode as
shown in the circuit diagram. The
secondary of the transformer gives the
desired a.c. voltage across A and B. In the
positive half cycle of a.c., the voltage at A
is positive, the diode is forward biased
and it conducts current.
Fig. (a)

In the negative half cycle of a.c., the voltage at A is negative,

the diode is reversed biased and it does not conduct current.
Thus, we get output across RL during positive half cycles
only. The output is unidirectional but varying.

Fig. (b)

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21. The magnitude of the emf, generated across a length dr of the rod, as it moves at right angles
to the magnetic field, is given by
de = Bvdr
R R
BωR 2
\ e= ∫ dε =
∫
0
Bvdr =
∫ Bωrdr =
0
2

Alternatively, The potential difference across the resistor is

equal to the induced emf and equal B × (rate of change of
area of loop). If q is the angle between the rod and the radius
of the circle at P at time t, the area of the sector OPQ (as
shown in the figure) is given by—
θ 1
πR 2 × = R 2θ ...where [R is the radius of the circle
2π 2
d ⎡1 ⎤ 1 dθ BwR 2
e = B × dt ⎢ 2 R 2θ⎥ = 2 BR 2 dt = 2
⎣ ⎦
λD
22. (i) Distance between two dark lines, on either side of central maxima = 2 a
2 × 6000 × 10 −10 × 1.5
= −4
= 18000 × 10 −6 = 18 × 10–3m = 18 mm
1 × 10
(ii) Angular spread of the first diffraction minimum (on either side)

s
λ 6 × 10 −7
=q= a = = 6 × 10–3 radians

a
1 × 10 −4

v D
23. D1 and D2 both are forward biased and allow current to flow through them

Shi
R1 = 3W and R2 = 3W are in parallel,
3
Rnet = 2 = 1.5 W ... ⎡⎢∴ Rρ = R 1 × R 2
⎣ R1 + R 2
Rnet and 2.5 W are in series
Total Resistance = 1.5 W + 2.5 W = 4 W
10V
\ I = 4Ω = 2.5 A
\ Value of the current flowing through 2.5 Ω resistor = 2.5 A
24. BH = BE cos d \ 4BH = B ...[Given
1
B = BE cos 60º fi B = BE × 2
fi BE = 2B
At equator, d = 0º \ BH = 2B (cos 0) = 2B(1) = 2B
Or
Magnetic moment due to a circular coil, NIA = NI (pR2)
2
⎛ 2 πR ⎞
Magnetic moment due to square coil, NIA = NI ⎝ 4 ⎠
∵ Circumference of a circle of radius is 2pR, which makes 4 sides of a square.
2 πR πR
Hence one side of a square = 4
=
2

(M)sq.
NI π 2 R 2 ( )
4 π 3.14 32 4
Ratio = = = 4 = 4 = 40 = 5 = 4 : 5 ...[3.14 ≈ 3.2]
(M)cir NI( πR 2 )
25. (a) When the image lies at infinity:
Given: f1 = 1.25 cm, f2 = 5 cm, m = 30, D = 25 cm
L D m( f 1 × f 2 ) 30 × 1.25 × 5
We know that, m = f × f or L= = = 7.5 cm
1 2 D 25
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 (b) When the image is formed at the near point:
L⎛ D⎞ L ⎛ 25 ⎞
M = m0 × me = 1+ ⎟ fi 30 = 1.25 ⎝ 1 + 5 ⎠
f 0 ⎝⎜ fe ⎠
fi 30 × 1.25 = L × 6 \ L = 5 × 1.25 = 6.25 cm

SECTION – D
26. (i) First law: Whenever the magnetic flux linked with a closed circuit changes, an emf (and hence a
current) is induced in it which lasts only so long as the change in flux is taking place. This
phenomenon is called electromagnetic induction.
Second law: The magnitude of the induced emf is equal to the rate of change of magnetic flux linked
with the closed circuit.
dφ
Mathematically |e| =
dt
(ii) v = 1800 km/h in the west, l = 25 m, BR = 5 × 10–4 tesla, δ = 30°
Since v, l and B are to be perpendicular to get induced emf, the vertical component alone
will contribute to the induction
BV = BR sin δ = 5 × 10–4 × sin 30° = 2.5 × 10–4 tesla
The induced emf = – BV vl

s
1800×10 3 62.5

a
= – 2.5 × 10–4 × × 25 = − 2 × 10 −1 = –3.125 volt

D
3600

v
– ve sign signifies that the emf will oppose the change in magnetic flux causing it.

Shi
ε 2 l2 l2 80
27. (i) ε = l \ e2 = l × ε1 = 60 × 1.5 = 2.0 V
1 1 1
(ii) The circuit will not work. If emf of auxiliary battery is greater than the emf of the driver
cell of the potentiometer, there will be no balance point on the wire AB. The maximum
potential drop across the wire will be of 1 V and will not be able to balance 1.5 V emf.
(iii) No, the balance point is not affected by the high resistance R because no current flows
through the cell at the balance point.
Or
(i) Resistivity of conductor. It is the resistance of a conductor of unit length and unit area of
cross-section.
A
The S.I. unit of resistivity is W (ohm-metre), r = R l
(ii) Variation of resistivity with temperature.
The resistivity of a material is given by
m
r=
ne2 τ
On increasing temperature, average speed of drifting
electrons increases. As a result collisions are more
frequent. Average relaxation time ‘t’ decreases, hence
‘r’ increases.
28. (a) Consider the motion of an electron in a circular orbit of radius r
around the nucleus of the atom. According to de-Broglie
hypothesis, this electron is also associated with wave character.
Hence a circular orbit can be taken to be a stationary orbit. If it Nucleus
r
contains an integral number of de-Broglie wavelength, i.e.,
2prn = nl ...[n = 1, 2, 3
h nh
But de-Broglie wavelength, λ = mv \ 2pr = mv
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 nh
The angular momentum C of the electron must be L = mvr = 2 π ...Here [n = 1, 2, 3 ...
The electrons are permitted to circulate only in those orbits in which the angular
h
momentum of an electron is an integral multiple of 2 π ; h being Planck’s constant.
(b) Total energy, E = – 13.6 eV
(i) Kinetic energy: T = – E = –(–13.6) eV = 13.6 eV
(ii) Potential energy: V = – 2T = –2 × 13.6 eV = –27.2 eV
Or
Given. V = 50 kV, (a)EM = (a)OM’
l for optical microscope (l)OM = 550nm = 550 ×10–9 m

EM (R)
\ lDB = ?, (R) =?
OM

we know that,
1.227 1.227
lDB = = = 0.005 nm
V 50 × 10 3
Resolving power of telescope is given by
2 n sin β

s
RP =

a
1.22λ

D
(R)EM 2 n sin β 2 n sin β

Shiv
= /
(R)OM 1.22( λ )EM 1.22( λ )OM

(λ )
OM (550 × 10 −9 )
= (λ ) = = 1,10,000
EM (0.005 × 10 −9 )

29. (i) K.E. of electron in the 2nd excited state,

13.6
En = − eV
n2
13.6
\ En = − 2 = −1.51 eV ...[∵ for 2nd excited state n = 3
3
1
= R⎛ 2 − 2 ⎞
1 1 1
= R ⎛1 − ⎞
1
(ii) λ ⎝1 3 ⎠
fi λ ⎝ 9⎠
1
= R⎛ ⎞
8 1 8
fi λ ⎝ 9⎠ fi = R
λ 9
9 9
l = 8R = ...[∵ Rydberg constant, R = 1.1 × 107 m–1
8×1.1×107 m −1
\ l = 1.02 × 10–7 m
30. (a) The breaking of heavy nucleus into smaller fragments is called nuclear fission; while the
joining of lighter nuclei to form a heavy nucleus is called nuclear fusion.
(b) Binding energy per nucleon of the daugher nuclei, in both processes, is more than that of
the parent nuclei. The difference in binding energy is released in the form of energy in
both processes some mass gets converted into energy.
(c) Energy released : Q = ⎡⎣m ( 21 H ) + m ( 31 H ) − m ( 24 He ) − m(n)⎤⎦ × 931.5 MeV
= [2.014102 + 3.016049 – 4.002603 – 1.008665] × 931.5 MeV
= 0.018883 × 931.5 MeV = 17.59 MeV

SECTION – E
31. (a) Metre Bridge is special case of Wheatstone Bridge. It is a device based on Wheatstone
bridge to determine the unknown resistance of a wire.
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 Principle: Meter bridge is based on the principle of wheatstone bridge, i.e., when bridge is
balanced.
l R R(100 − l )
= or S =
(100 − l ) S l
Circuit: To find the unknown resistance S, the
circuit is completed as shown in the figure. The
unknown resistance wire of resistance S is
connected across the gap between points C and
D and a resistance box (R) is connected across
the gap between the points A and D. A cell, a
rheostat and a key (K) is connected between the
point A and C by means of connecting screws. In
the experiment when the sliding jockey touches
the wire AC at any point, then the wire is
divided into two parts. These two parts AB and BC act as the resistances P and Q of the
Wheatstone bridge. In this way the resistances of arms AB, BC, AD and DC form the
resistances P, Q, R and S of Wheatstone bridge. Thus the circuit of meter bridge is the same
as that of Wheatstone bridge.
Method: To determine the unknown resistance first of all key K is closed and a resistance R

s
is taken in the resistance box in such a way that on pressing jockey B at end points A and

Da
C, the deflection in galvanometer is on both the sides. Now jockey is slided on wire at such

Shiv
a position that on pressing the jockey on the wire at that point, there is no deflection in the
galvanometer G. In this position the points B and D are at the same potential, therefore the
bridge is balanced. The point B is called the null point. The length of both parts AB and BC
of the wire are read on the scale. The condition of balance of Wheatstone bridge is,
P R
=
Q S
⎛ Q⎞
\ Unknown resistance, S = ⎝ P ⎠ R ...(i)
If r is the resistance per cm length of wire AC and l cm is the length of wire AB, then
length of wire BC will be (100 – l) cm
\ P = resistance of wire AB = lr
Q = resistance of wire BC = (100 – l)r
Substituting these values in equation (i), we get,

S=
( 100 − l ) r × R fi S=
100 − l
R ...(ii)
lr l
As the resistance (R) of wire (AB) is known, the resistance S may be calculated. A number
of observations are taken for different resistances taken in resistance box and S is
calculated each time and the mean value of S is found.
Precautions:
(i) In this experiment the resistance of the copper strips and connecting screws have not
been taken into account. These resistances are called end-resistances. Therefore very
small resistances cannot be found accurately by metre bridge. The resistance S should
not be very small.
(ii) The current should not flow in the metre bridge wire for a long time, otherwise the
wire will become hot and its resistance will change.
(b) The error which arises on account of resistance of copper strips and the connecting wire at
both ends of the meter bridge is called end error.
It is minimized by adjusting the balance point near the middle point of the bridge.
• The balancing point will not be affected, as the bridge remains balanced.
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 Or
(a) (i) The free electrons, in a metal, (flowing by themselves), have a random distribution of
their velocities. Hence the net charge crossing any cross section in a unit time is zero.
(ii) The drift velocity equals the average (time dependent) velocity acquired by free
electrons, under the action of an applied (external) electric field.
(iii) Expression for current in terms of drift velocity: Drift velocity is defined as the
velocity with which free electrons in a conductor get drifted in a direction opposite to
the direction of the applied field. Its unit is m–1s and dimensions [LT–1]
Expression. The magnitude of electric field set up across the →
E
conductor is given by →– →–
V
→–
E=
l
Let n be the number of free electrons per unit volume of the
conductor.
Then, total number of free electrons in the conductor = n × volume of the conductor
Hence, Q = (nAl)e
Time taken by the charge to cross the conductor length l is given by
1
t= ...where [vd is drift velocity of electrons
vd

as
Q nAle
\ I= = neAvd \ I = neAvd

D
=
t l

Shiv
vd
(b) We know from above
I = –neA vd ...(i)
⎛ →⎞
Also we know, vd = ⎜ e E ⎟ τ ...(ii)
⎝ m⎠
Putting the value of vd in equation (i) from equation (ii) we have
eE
I = –neA τ ... ⎡⎢∵ E = V
m ⎣ l
E m ⎡ RA
or =− 2 ... ⎢⎣∵ ρ =
I ne Aτ l

m 1
ρ= − \ ρ∝
ne2 τ τ

32. Faraday’s law of e.m. induction is a basic law of electromagnetism predictions now a
magnetic field will interact with an electric circuit to produce an electromotive force.
(a) When a closed coil is rotated in a uniform magnetic field with its axis perpendicular to the
magnetic field, the magnetic flux linked with the coil changes and an induced emf and
hence a current is set up in it. The working of an a.c. generator is based on the principle of
electromagnetic induction.
Graph:

(i) (ii)

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 (b) Let N = number of turns in the coil
A = area of face of each turn
B = magnitude of the magnetic field
q = angle which normal to the coil makes with field
→
B at any instant t
w = the angular velocity with which the coil rotates
The magnetic flux linked with the coil at any instant t
will be,
f = NAB cos q = NAB cos wt
By Faraday’s flux rule, the induced emf is given by,
dφ − d
E=– = NAB(cos ωt )
dt dt
E = NAB (sin wt) . w
E = E0 sin wt w
...where [E0 = NABw
When a load of resistance R is connected across the terminals, a current I flows in the
external circuit.
E sin ωt
I= E= 0 = I 0 sin ωt ⎡ E
...where ⎢ I0 = 0
R R R
⎣

as
Or

D
(a) The device X is a capacitor.

Shiv
(b) Curve B ⎯⎯ → voltage
Curve C ⎯⎯
→ current
Curve A ⎯⎯
→ power consumption over a full cycle.
π
Reason. The current leads the voltage in phase, by a plane angle of 2 for a capacitor.

1 ⎛ 1⎞
(c) XC = ωC ⎝ X C ∞ ω ⎠

(d) V = V0 sin wt
Q = CV = CV0 sin wt
dq ⎛ π⎞
I= = wc V0 cos wt = I0 sin ⎝ ωt + 2 ⎠
dt
π
Current leads the voltage, in phase, by 2 .

33. The magnifying power of a telescope is defined as the ratio of the angle subtended at the eye
by the final image formed at the least distance of distance vision to the angle subtended at the
eye by the object at infinity, when seen directly
β f0 ⎛ fe ⎞
m= \m = f ⎜⎝ 1 + p ⎟⎠
α e
Angle subtended by the 100 m tall tower 3 km away is,
100 1
a = tan a = = rad.
3 × 10 3 3
Let h be the height of the image of tower formed by the objective.

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Then angle subtended by the image produced by the objective will also be equal to h and is
given by
h h h 1 150
α= = ⇒ = \ h = 30 = 5 cm
f 0 150 150 30
Magnification produced by the eyepiece,
D 25
me = 1 + f = 1 + 5 = 6
0

\ Height of the final image = h × me = 5 × 6 = 30 cm

Or
(a) Diffraction at a single slit. Suppose a parallel beam of monochromatic light of wavelength
l falls normally on a slit AB of width d (of the order of the wavelength of light). The
diffraction occurs on passing through the slit. The diffraction pattern is focussed on to the
screen by a convex lens. The diffraction pattern consists of a central bright fringe (or
band), having alternate dark and bright fringes of decreasing intensity on both sides.
1. Position of central maximum. Let C be the centre
of the slit AB. According to Huygen’s principle,
“when light falls on the slit, it becomes a source of
secondary wavelets.” All the wavelets originating
from slit AB are in same phase. These secondary

as
waves reinforce each other resulting the central

D
maximum intensity at O.

Shiv
2. Position of secondary maxima and minima. D

Consider a point P on the screen. All the secondary

waves travelling in a direction making angle θ with CO, reach at a point P. The intensity
at P depends on the path difference between secondary waves.
\ Path difference between the secondary waves reaching P from points A and B is,
BN = d sin θ.
(i) The point P will be the position of nth secondary maxima
λ
If path difference, BN = (2n + 1) 2 ...where [n is an integer

λ
\ d sin θ = (2n + 1) 2
λ
or sin θ = (2n + 1) 2d
When θ is very small, then sin θ ≈ θ
λ
θ = (2n + 1) 2d ...where [n is an integer
for n = 1
3λ
θ1 = 2d , first secondary maximum
(ii) The point P will be the position of nth secondary minima, if path difference BN = nl
d sin q = nl
When q is very small, then sin q ≈ q
nλ
\q= d …where [n is an integer

λ
for n = 1, q = = first secondary minima.
d
Hence, the diffraction pattern due to single slit consists of a centre bright maximum
at O alongwith secondary maxima and minima on either side.

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 Intensity distribution curve. The intensity distribution on the screen is represented as shown
in the figure.

Width of central maximum. If D is the distance between slit and screen and yn is the distance
yn
of nth minimum from point O, then qn = . ...(i)
D
But the position of nth secondary minimum is,
nλ
qn = d ...(ii)
yn nλ
\ = ...[From (i) and (ii)

s
D d

Da
D
yn = nl d

b = yn – yn–1 =

nλD − nλD + λD
d
Shiv
Thus width of a secondary minima (and maxima also) (Fringe width) is:
nλD
− ( n − 1)
λD
d

= d
λD
\ b= d
(b) Given. l1 = 590 nm, l2 = 596 nm, d = 2× 10–6 m, D = 1. 5 m
λ 1D 3
First maxima due to l1(b1) = ×
d 2
λ 2D 3
First maxima due to l2(b2) = ×
d 2
λ D λ D 3D
b2 – b1 = 3 1 − 3 2 = 2 d ( λ 2 − λ 1 )
2 d 2 d
3 1.5
= 2 × (2 × 10 −6 ) (596 – 590) × 10–9 = 6.75 × 10–3 m = 6.75 mm

❒ ❒ ❒ ❒

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 Answer Sheet 5
S A M P L E G U E S S P A P E R 5

Series : CBSE / SGP / 2021-05 Code No. 042

Roll No.

PHYSICS
SECTION – A
→ →
1. Electric flux = v∫ E . dS
S
→ → q1
v∫ E . dS = ε
s
According to Gauss’ law, f = ...where [q1 is the total charge enclosed by the surface S

a
0

D
S

v
2q − q q q

Shi
f= ε = \ Electric flux, f = ε
0 ε0 0

2. Name of the part: Microwave

Applications:
(i) It is used in radar communication.
(ii) It is used in microwave ovens.
(iii) It is also used in analysis of fine details of molecular and atomic structure.
Or
g-rays are the electromagnetic waves of frequency range 3 × 1018 Hz to 5 × 1022 Hz and have
the highest penetrating power.
μ0 I 2I2
3. F=
2π r
“One ampere of current is the value of steady current, which when maintained in each of the
two very long, straight, parallel conductors of negligible cross-section; and placed one metre
apart in vacumm, would produce on each of these conductors a force of equal to 2 × 10–7
newtons per metre (Nm–1) of length.”
φ
4. Since f = LI \ L= = slope
I
Slope of A is greater than slope of B.
\ Inductor A has larger value of self inductance than inductor B.
Or
P = IrmsVrms cos f
cos f = 1 \ f = 0º
I0 V 1 1
P= × 0 = I0 V0 \
P = 2 × 10 × 200 = 1,000W
2 2 2
5. Ionisation energy. The energy required to knock out an electron from an atom is called
ionisation energy of the atom.
For hydrogen atom it is 13.6eV.

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 6. Stopping potential remains unchanged, if the distance between the light source and cathode is
doubled.
7. (i) Nuclear forces are strongest forces in nature.
(ii) Nuclear forces are charge independent.
Or
1/3 1/3
R 1 ⎛ A1 ⎞
=⎛
27 ⎞ 3
= =
R 2 ⎜⎝ A 2 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 125 ⎠ 5
\ Ratio of their nuclear radii = 3 : 5
8. A photodiode is a special purpose p-n junction diode fabricated with a transparent window to
allow light to fall on diode. It is operated under reverse bias.
Or
As fractional change in minority charge carriers is more than the fractional change in majority
charge carriers, the variation in reverse saturation current is more prominent.
9. ‘Intrinsic’ semiconductors ‘Extrinsic’ semiconductors
1. Without any impurity atoms. 1. Doped with trivalent/pentavalent impurity atoms.
2. ne = nh 2. ne π nh
10. Between the region B and C, the semiconductor has a negative resistance.
11. (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

as
[Hint: Gauss law implies that the total electric flux through a closed surface is zero, if no change

D
is enclosed by the surface and it is true for any closed surface, independent its it shape and size.

Shiv
12. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
13. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
[Hint: For an equiconvex lens, R1 = R2 = R. From f = (μ − 1) ⎜⎝ R − R ⎟⎠ ; for lens m = 1.5, f = R
1 2
14. (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

SECTION – B
15. (i) (d) Electrostatic force is a conservative force.
joule
(ii) (c)
coulomb
(iii) (a) W
(iv) (a) always 90º [Hint: Electric field is always perpedicular to the equipotential surface at any point.
(v) (a) Work done is same in all the three paths.
[Hint: Work done on a unit charge +q by the electrostatic field due to any
given charge configuration is independent of the path.
16. (i) (b) Diffraction bands become narrower and crowded together.
[Hint: As lblue < lred, and width of diffraction bands is directly proportional to l,
hence diffraction bands become narrower and crowded.
(ii) (a) 0.2 mm
(iii) (c) should be of the order wavelength.
(iv) (a) narrower and brighter [Hint: Angular width of central maximum is given by 2l/a.
(v) (c) 1.3 micron
λ 6.5 × 10 −7
[Hint: For first minimum; a sinq = 1; l a = = = 13 × 10–7 = 1.3 micron
sin θ sin 30°

SECTION – C
17. Magnetic field due to Solenoid
Let length of solenoid = L; Total number of turns in solenoid = N
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 N
No. of turns per unit length = L = n
ABCD is an Ampere’s loop
AB, DC are very large.
→
BC is in a region of B = 0
AD is a long axis.
Length of AD = x
Current in one turn = I0
→ →
Applying Ampere’s circuital loop, ∫ B. dl = μ I 0

B C D A
→ → → → → → → →
L.H.S. = ∫
A
B. dl +
∫
B
B. dl +
∫
C
B. dl +
∫ B. dl
D
A
→ →
∫ B. dl
→
= 0 + 0 + 0 + ...[∵ (q = 90º) (∵ B = 0) (∵ q = 90º) (∵ q = 0º)
D
A A A

∫
→ → x
= B . dl = B dl cos θ = B dl = B [ l ]0 = Bx
∫
D
∫
D D

s
No. of turns in x length = nx, Current in turns nx, I = nx I0

a
According to Ampere’s circuital law, Bx = m0I

v D
⇒ Bx = m0 nx I0 \ B = m0 nI0

Shi
18. (i) In interference all the maxima are of equal intensity. In diffraction pattern central fringe is
of maximum intensity while intensity of secondary maxima falls rapidly.
(ii) Given: λ = 600 nm = 6 × 10–7 m, D = 0.8 m, γ2 = 15 × 10–3 m
To calculate: Width of the slit ‘d’.
5 λD
Calculations: γ2 = 2 × d
5 6 × 10 −7 × 0.8
fi d=
2
× \ Distance, d = 8 × 10–5 = 80 μm
15 × 10 −3
19. Work done in bringing the charge q1 from infinity to position r1, W1 = q1 V(r1).
qq
Work done in bringing charge q2 to the position r2, W2 = q2V(r2) + 4πε1 r2 .
0 12
Hence, total work done in assembling the two charges,
q1q2
W = W1 + W2 = q1V(r1) + q2V(r2) + 4πε r
0 12
Or
In the steady state, the displacement current and hence the conduction current, is zero as
→
E between the plates, is constant.
During charging and discharging, the displacement current and hence the conduction current
→
is non zero as E between the plates, is changing with time.
20. D1 will conduct current while D2 will not allow. Hence R = 3 W + 2 W = 5 W
As such, 2 W with D1 and 2 W are in series, the net resistance of the circuit will be
2V
3 W + 2W = 5 W I = 5Ω = 0.4 A \
\ Value of the current flowing through 2 W resistor = 0.4 A
21. Self-induction of a long solenoid: Consider a long solenoid of length l and radius r with r << l
and having n turns per unit length. If a current I flows through the coil, then the magnetic field
inside the coil is almost constant and is given by B = μ0nI.
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 Magnetic flux linked with each turn, BA = μ0nIA
...where [n = number of turns per unit length, I = current flowing
When A = πr2 = the cross-sectional area of the solenoid
\ Magnetic flux linked with the entire solenoid is φ = μ0nIA × nl = μ0n2 IAl. But φ = LI.
\ Self inductance of the long solenoid is, L = μ0n2Al
22. (a) Coherent sources have a constant phase difference and, therefore, produce a sustained
interference pattern. These sources are needed to ensure that the position of maxima and
minima do not change with time.
(b) I = I1 + I2 + 2 I1I2 cos f
Let I0 be the intensity of either source, then
φ
I1 = I2 = I0 and I = 2I0 (1 + cos f) = 4I0 cos2
2
When p = l, f = 2p, then I = 4I0 cos2f/2 = 4I0cos2 p = 4I0 = K
2π 4π
When P = 3 , f = 3
2
2π ⎛ ⎛ π ⎞⎞
I = 4I0 cos2 3 = 4I0 ⎝⎜ cos ⎝ π − 3 ⎠ ⎠⎟
2 K
fi I = 4I0 ⎛ − cos π ⎞ = I 0 \ I= 4 ...[∵
∵ 4I0 = K
⎝ 3⎠

s
23. Working of a photo-diode: Its working is based on photo

Da
conduction from light. The conductivity of p-n junction

v
photodiode increases with the increase in intensity of light

Shi
falling in it. When visible light of energy greater than forbidden
energy gap (i.e. h ν > Eg) is incident on a reverse biased p-n
junction photodiode, additional electron-hole pairs are created
in the depletion layer (or near the junction) due to the
absorption of photons. The charge carriers will be separated by
the junction field and made to flow across the junction, creating reverse current across the
junction. The value of reverse saturation current increases with increase in the intensity of
incident light. It is found that the reverse saturation current through the photodiode varies
almost linearly with the light flux.
When the photodiode is reverse biased then a certain current exists in the circuit even when no
light is incident on the p-n junction of photodiode. This current is called dark current. A
photodiode can turn its current ON and OFF in nanoseconds. Hence it can be used to detect
the optical signals.
24. Magnetic declination: Angle between magnetic meridian and geographical meridian.

Angle of dip. It is the angle which the magnetic needle makes with
the horizontal in the magnetic merdian.
(i) Direction of compass needle is vertical to the earth’s surface at
poles.
(ii) Parallel to the earth’s surface at equator.

Or
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 Since, the compass needle is oriented vertically—
(i) Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field will be zero.
(ii) The value of angle of dip at that place will be 90º.

⎡∵ ∠i = ∠ic
sin i
25. m= ... ⎢ ∠r = ∠i e
sin r ⎢
⎢⎣ ∠e = 90º ; sin 90º = 1
1 sin ic
and μ = sin r
e

–A + –P = 180º and –r + –ic = 180º – –P = –A

sin i 1 sin i
fi –r = –A – –ic fi m = sin(A − i ) \ =
c sin ic sin(A − ic )

SECTION – D
26. (a) Self-inductance of a coil
Since flux f = LI
dφ dI
emf induced e = – = −L ...where[L is coefficient of self-induction or self inductance
dt dt
Self inductance is numercially equal to the magnetic flux linked with the coil when unit

s
current passes through it. Its S.I. unit is henry.

Da
(b) Consider a long solenoid of length l and radius r with r << l and having n turns per unit

Shiv
length. If a current I flows through the coil, then the magnetic field inside the coil is almost
constant and is given by B = m0nI.
Magnetic flux linked with each turn BA = m0nIA
...where[A = pr2 = cross-sectional area of the solenoid
\ Magnetic flux linked with the entire solenoid is
f = Flux linked with turn × Total number of turns = m0nIA × nl = m0n2IAl
But f = LI
\ Self-inductance of the long solenoid is L = m0n2lA
N μ 0N 2 A
If N is the total number of turns in the solenoid then n = l . \ L=
l
27. Suppose a potential difference V is applied across a conductor of
length l and of uniform cross-section A. The electric field E set up
inside the conductor is given by
V
E= l
→
Under the influence of field E , the free electrons begin to drift in
→
the opposite direction E with an average drift velocity vd.
Let the number of electrons per unit volume or electron density = n
Charge on an electron = e
No. of electrons in length l of the conductor = n × volume of the conductor = n × Al
Total charge contained in length l of the conductor, q = enAl ...(i)
All the electrons which enter the conductor at the right end will pass through the conductor at
distance l
the left end is time, t = velocity = v ...(ii)
d
q l ne A
Current I = t = l / v = neAvd ...[From (i) & (ii)
d
neAvd
Current density, J = I = = nevd \ J μ vd
A A
Hence current density of a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the drift speed of electrons.
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 Or
(i) The circuit arrangement for charging n cells is shown here.
(ii) (a) Net emf = e’ – ne
Total resistance = R + nr
Net emf ε′ − nε
Charging current, I = Total Resistance = R + nr
ε′
(b) P.D. across each cell = e + Ir
ε′ − nε εR + εnr + ε′ r − εnr εR + ε′ r
= ε + R + nr .r = R + nr
=
R + nr
\ P.D. across the series combination of n cells, V = n(ee + Ir).
h 6.63 × 10 −34
28. (i) Momenta, p = λ = = 4.42 × 10–25 kg ms–1
1.5 × 10 −9
hc (6.63 × 10 −34 ) × (3 × 10 8 )19.89 × 10 −26
(ii) Energy, E = λ = (1.5 × 10 −9 ) × (1.6 × 10 −19 ) = = 8.2875 ×102 = 828.75 eV
2.40 × 10 −28

1 p2 1 (4.42 × 10 −25 )2
(iii) Kinetic energy, EK = = 2 × (9 × 10 −31 ) × (1.6 × 10 −19 )
2 m
1 19.54 × 10 −50
19.54 × 10 −50
= 2× = = 0.678 = 0.68 eV
14.4 × 10 −50 28.8 × 10 −50

as
Or

v D
Shi
Stopping potential is directly proportional to the frequency of
incident radiation. The stopping potential is more negative for
higher frequencies of incident radiation. Therefore, stopping
potential is higher in u1.

29. Here l = 102.7 nm = 102.7 × 10–9m

The energy of the emitted photon is,
hC 6.626 × 10 −34 × 3 × 10 8 19.878 × 10 −26
E= λ = = = 1.9355 × 10 −18 J
102.7 × 10 −9 102.7 × 10 −9
1.9355 × 10 −18
\ Energy corresponds =
1.6 × 10 −19
eV = 12.097 eV ≈ 12.1 eV
This energy corresponds to the transition D for which the energy change
= –1.5 – (–13.6) = 12.1 eV
30. (a) The breaking of heavy nucleus into smaller fragments is called nuclear fission; while the
joining of lighter nuclei to form a heavy nucleus is called nuclear fusion.
(b) Binding energy per nucleon of the daugher nuclei, in both processess, is more than that of
the parent nuclei. The difference in binding energy is released in the form of energy. In both
processes some mass gets converted into energy.
(c) Energy released: Q = ⎡⎣m ( 21 H ) + m ( 31 H ) − m ( 24 He ) − m(n)⎤⎦ × 931.5 MeV
= [2.014102 + 3.016049 – 4.002603] – 1.008665] × 931.5 MeV
= 0.018883 × 931.5 MeV = 17.59 MeV

SECTION – E
31. (a) Consider a parallel plate capacitor with plate area ‘A’ and separation between the plates
equal to ‘d’. Suppose at any instant of time charge on the capacitor plate is ‘q’ and potential
difference due to this charge is ‘v’. To supply a charge ‘dq’ further to the capacitor amount
of work required is

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 q
dW = Vdq or dW = dq ...[∵
∵ q = Cv
c
In order to supply a charge ‘Q’,
Q

∫
1 1Q 2
Work required, W = C q dq fi W=
2C
0
1Q 2
Thus energy stored by capacitor is, U =
2C
K ε 0A Kε 0 A
(b) (i) Cf = = ...[∵
∵ d’ = d/2
d′ d /2
20 ε 0A ε 0A
Cf = = 20Ci ...[∵
∵ Ci =
d d
\ Capacitance becomes 20 times.
V V
(ii) Ef = = ...[∵
∵ d’ = d/2
d′ d / 2
v
Ef = 2 d = 2Ei ...[∵
∵ Ei = V/d

\ Electric field is doubled.

(iii) Energy density,
2

s
1 σ2 1 ⎛ σ ⎞ 1

a
Uf = 2 ε = 2 ε0 ⎜⎝ ε ⎟⎠ = 2 ε0 (Ei )2

D
0 0

Shiv
1 10
or Uf = 2 ε 0 ( 2E i )
2
Uf = 2 ε r ε 0 E f 2 ∵ Ei = s
...[∵ s/ee0

⎛1 ⎞
\ Uf = 40 ⎝ 2 ε 0Ei 2 ⎠ = 40 Ui
So energy density is 40 times.
Or
(a) Potential at a point due to an electric dipole: Let us consider an electric
dipole consisting of two equal and opposite charges – q at A and + q at B,
separated by a distance 2 l with centre at O. We have to calculate potential
at a point P, whose polar co-ordinates are (r, θ), i.e., OP = r and –BOP = θ, as
shown in the figure.
Here AP = r1 and BP = r2, we can easily calculate potential as P due to point
1 q
charges at A and B using V = 4πε r .
0
1 ( −q )
1 q
V1 = 4πε × r and V2 = 4πε × r
0 1 0 2
Total potential at P due to both the charges of the dipole is given by
V = V1 + V 2
q ⎛
1 1 ⎞
That is, V = 4 πε ⎜⎝ r − r ⎟⎠ …(i)
0 2 1

To put this result in a more convenient form, we draw normals from A and B on the line
joining O and P. From ΔBOD, we note that OD = l cos θ and from ΔOAC we note that
OC = l cos θ. For a small dipole (AB << OP), from the figure, we can take PB = PD and
PA = PC.
Hence r1 = r + l cos θ, r2 = r – l cos θ
Using these results in equation (i), we get
q ⎡ 1 1 ⎤ q ⎡ 2(l cos θ) ⎤ q × 2(l cos θ )
V = 4 πε ⎢ (r − l cos θ) − (r + l cos θ) ⎥ = 4πε ⎢ 2 2 2 ⎥ =
0 ⎣ ⎦ 0 ⎣ ( r − l cos θ) ⎦ 4πε 0r 2

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 where we have neglected the term containing second power of l since l << r.
p cos θ
In terms of dipole (p = q × 2l), we can express this result as V = 4 πε r 2 ...(ii)
0
This result shows that unlike the potential due to a point charge, the potential due to a dipole
is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
Let us now consider its special cases.
Special Cases:
Case I: When point P lies on the axial line of the dipole on the side of positive charge,
q = 0 and cos q = 1
Then equation (ii) reduces to
p
VAXIS = ...(iii)
4 πε 0 r 2
Case II: When point P lies on the axial line of the dipole but on the side of negative charge,
q = 180º and cos q = 1
p
Then VAXIS = – ...(iv)
4 πε 0r 2
Case III: When point P lies on the equatorial line of the dipole (perpendicular bisector of
AB), q = 90º and cos q = 0

as
Then Vequatorial = 0

v D
Thus, electric potential due to a dipole is zero at every point on the equatorial line of the

Shi
dipole.
ε0K × (l × b)
(b) In first case , C1 = d ...(i)
In second case, these two apartments are in parallel, their net capacity would be the sum of
two individual capacitances

ε 0K 1 ⎛⎜ × b ⎞⎟ ε 0K 2 ⎛⎜ × b ⎞⎟
l l
⎝2 ⎠+ ⎝2 ⎠
C2 = C’2 + C”
2 = d d
...(ii)
Since these are identical capacitors, comparing (i) and (ii),
We have C1 = C2
ε 0K( l × b ) (l × b ) ⎛ K 1 + K 2 ⎞ K1 + K2
= ε0 \ K=
d d ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 2
dI
32. (a) induced emf, e = −L dt
⎛ dI ⎞
Hence net voltage in the circuit = ⎝ V − L dt ⎠
dI
According to Kirchhoff’s Rule, V – L dt = 0
dI
Vm sin wt = L dt
l ω
Vm
∫
0
dI =
∫ L sin ωt dt
0

Vm ⎛V ⎞ π ⎡ Vm
I=– cos ωt = ⎜ m ⎟ sin ⎛ ωt − ⎞ ... ⎢∵ ωL = Im
ωL ⎝ ωL ⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎣
π
\ I = Im sin ⎛⎜⎝ ωt − ⎞⎟⎠
2

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 π
(b) Given: L = 100 mH = 100 × 10–3 H, Vrms = 10 V, Frequency = 50 Hz, f = 4 , I=1A
Average power dissipation,
π
P = Vrms Irms cos f = 10 × 1 × cos 4
10 ⎡ π 1
= W = 5 2Watts ... ⎢∵ cos =
2 ⎣ 4 2
Or
R
(a) Power dissipated in AC circuit is given by (P) = Vrms Irms cos f ...where [cos f =
Z
R
For an ideal capacitor, R = 0, cos f = Z = 0
P = VrmsIrms × (0) = 0 (zero)
i.e., power dissipated in an ideal capacitor is zero.
(b) Given. L = 200 mH, C = 400 mF, R = 10 W, V = 50 V
1
(i) angular frequency (W0) = LC
1 1 10 3 1000
= = = = = 112 s–1
( 200 × 10 −3 ) × (400 × 10 −6 ) 8 × 10 −5 80 8.9
V 50

s
Corresponding value of current (I) = R = 10 = 5A

Da
1 200 × 10 −3
1 L

v
(ii) Q factor (Q) = R C = 10 = 5

Shi
400 × 10 −6

33. For small angles,

MN MN
tan –NOM = OM tan –NCM = MC

MN
tan –NIM = MI
Now, for DNOC, i is exterior angle
\ i = –NOM + –NCM
MN MN
i = OM + OM ...(i)
Similarly, r = –NCM – –NIM
MN MN
i.e., r = MC − MI ...(ii)
Now by Snell’s law,
n1 sin i = n2 sin r or for small angles n1i = n2r
n n n −n
Substituting the values of i and r from equations (i) and (ii), we get 1 + 2 = 2 1 ...(iii)
OM MI MC
By applying Cartesian sign convention,
OM = –u, MI = –v, MC = +R
n2 n1 n2 − n1
Substituting these values in (iii), we get − =
v u R
This equation gives us a relation between object and
image distance in terms of refractive index of the
medium and the radius of the curvature of the curved
spherical surface. It holds for any curved spherical
surface.
Lens maker’s formula: Consider a thin double convex
lens of refractive index n2 placed in a medium of
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 refractive index n1. Here, n1 < n2. Let B and D be the poles, C1 and C2 be the centres of
curvature and R1 and R2 be the radii of curvature of the two lens surfaces ABC and ADC,
respectively.
For refraction at surface ABC, we can write the relation between the object distance u, image
distance v1 and radius of curvature R1 as
n2 n1 n2 − n1
− = ...(i)
v1 u R1
For refraction at surface ADC, we can write the relation between the object distance v1, image
distance v and radius of curvature R2, as
n1 n1 n1 − n2
− = ...(ii)
v v1 R2
Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
n1 n1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 1 1 ⎡ n2 − n1 ⎤ ⎡ 1 1 ⎤
− = ( n2 − n1 ) ⎜ − fi − = − ...(iii)
v u ⎝ R 1 R 2 ⎟⎠ v u ⎢⎣ n1 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ R 1 R 2 ⎥⎦
If the object is placed at infinity (u = •), the image will be formed at the focus i.e., v = f,
1 ⎡ n2 ⎤⎡ 1 1 ⎤
\ = − 1⎥ ⎢ − ...(iv)
f ⎢⎣ n1 ⎦⎣ 1R R ⎥
2⎦

1 ⎡ 1 1 ⎤
= [ n 2 i − 1] ⎢ −

s
⎥ This is lens maker’s formula.
f ⎣ R1 R2 ⎦

Da
Or

Shiv
→ → →
(a) The resultant displacement will be y = y1 + y 2 .
y1 = a cos wt and y2 = a cos(wt + f)
φ φ
y = y1 + y2 = a[cos wt + cos(wt + f)] = 2a cos ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ cos ⎛⎜ ωt + ⎞⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠

φ φ
The resultant amplitude is A = 2a cos ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ and hence intensity (I) = 4a2 cos2 ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
Conditions:
For constructive interference—
f = 0, +– 2p, +– 4p .... the intensity will be maximum, i.e., f = 2np ...where [n = 1, 2, ....
For destructive interference—
f = +– p, +– 3p, +– 5p .... the intensity will be zero, i.e., f = (2n + 1)p ...where [n = 1, 2,...
(b) (i) When width of the source slit is increased, then the angular fringe width remains
unchanged, but fringes become less and less sharp, so visibility of fringes decreases. If
s λ
the condition < is not satisfied, the interference pattern disappears.
S d
(ii) When the monochromatic source is replaced by a source of white light, the
interference pattern due to different component colours of white light overlap
(incoherently). The central bright fringes for different colours are at the same
position. Therefore, the central fringe is white. For a point P for which S2P – S1Q = lb/
2, where lb (≈ 4000 Å) represents the wavelength for the blue colour, the blue
component will be asbent and the fringe will appear red in colour. Slightly farther
away where S2Q – S1Q = lb = lr/ 2 where lr (≈ 8000 Å) is the wavelength for the red
colour, the fringe will be predominantly blue.
Thus, the fringe closest on either side of the central white fringe is red and the farthest will
appear blue. After a few fringes, no clear fringe pattern is seen.

❒ ❒ ❒ ❒
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 Series : CBSE / SGP / 2021-01 (Unsolved) Code No. 042
Roll No.

• Please check that this question paper contains 5 printed pages.

• Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on
the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
• Please check that this question paper contains 33 questions.
• Please write down the Serial Number of the question before attempting it.
• 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will
be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the students will read the
question paper only and will not write any answer on the answer-book during this
period.

PHYSICS–XII
Sample Guess Paper 1 (Unsolved)

a s
iv D
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 70

Sh
General Instructions:
(i) All questions are compulsory. There are 33 questions in all.
(ii) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
(iii) Section A contains ten very short answer questions and four assertion reasoning MCQs of one mark each,
Section B has two case based questions of four marks each, Section C contains nine short answer questions
of two marks each, Section D contains five short answer questions of three marks each and Section E
contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
(iv) There is no overall choice. However internal choice is provided. You have to attempt only one of the choices
in such questions.

SECTION – A
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them.
Q.1. Name the physical quantity having unit TmA–1. [Ans. Permeability of free space
Q.2. Electromagnetic wave with wavelength l is used in an important role in maintaining the earth’s
warmth or average temperature through the green house effect. Identify and name the part of
electromagnetic spectrum in which these radiation belongs and also write its one more application.
Or
A charged particle oscillates about its mean equilibrium position with a frequency of 109 Hz. What
is the frequency of the electromagnetic waves produced by the oscillator?
Q.3. A magnetic field that varies in magnitude from point to point but has a constant direction (east to
west) is set-up in a chamber. A charged particle enters the chamber and travels undeflected along
a straight path with constant speed. What can you say about the initial velocity of the particle?
[Ans. same (no change)
Q.4. What is the magnetic flux linked with a coil of N-turns of area of cross-section A held with its
plane parallel to the field B? [Ans. Zero
Or

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 A 44 mH inductor is connected to 220 volt, 50 Hz A.C. supply. Determine the rms value of the
current in the circuit. [Ans. 15.92A
Q.5. Why is the classical model for an atom of electron orbiting around the nucleus not able to explain
the atomic structure? [Ans. Radius of circular path goes on decreasing
Q.6. Why is a photoelectric cell also called an electric eye?
Q.7. Express 2150 microgram mass into equivalent energy in electron volt. [Ans. 4.03 × 1032 eV
Or
Define the term ‘potential energy’ of charge ‘q’ at a distance r in an external electric field.
dV
[Ans.
dr
Q.8. The applied input A.C. power to a half wave rectifier is 100 watt. The D.C. output power obtained
is 40 watt. What is the ratification efficiency? [Ans. 40%
Or
At what temperature would an intrinsic semiconductor behave like a perfect insulator?
[Ans. At 0 K temperature
A
Q.9. A 220 V A.C. supply is connected between point A and B (see fig.). What will
be the potential difference V across the capacitor? [Ans. 220 2 V A.C.
B

Q.10. Three photodiodes D1, D2 and D3 are made of semiconductors having band gaps of 2.5 eV, 2 eV

s
and 3 eV, respectively. Which one will be able to detect light of wavelength 6000 Å?

D a
[Ans. D2 ; Hint. E = 2.06 eV

i v
For questions number 11, 12, 13 and 14, two statements are given—one labelled Assertion (A) and the other

Sh
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given
below.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is true.
Q.11. Assertion (A): Dielectric polarisation means formation of positive and negative charge inside the
dielectric.
Reason (R): Free electrons are formed in this process. [Ans. (c)
Q.12. Assertion (A): Force between two charges increases when air separating the charges is replaced by
water.
Reason (R): Medium intervening between the charges has dielectric content K > 1. [Ans. (d)
Q.13. Assertion (A): In optical fibre the diameter of the core is kept small.
Reason (R): The small diameter of the core ensure that the fibre should have inside it an angle
greater than critical angle needed for total internal reflection. [Ans. (a)
Q.14. Assertion (A): If a convex lens is kept in water, its convergent power increases.
Reason (R): Focal length of lens depends on its refractive index w.r.t. surrounding medium.
[Ans. (d)

SECTION – B
Questions 15 and 16 are Case Study based questions and are compulsory. Attempt any 4 sub-parts from
each question. Each question carries 1 mark.
Q.15. Surface Charge Density
Surface charge density is defined as the charge per unit surface area the surface (Arial) charge
symmetric distribution and follow Gauss law of electro statics mathematical term of surface charge
∆Q
density s = ∆S .

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 Two large thin metal plates are parallel and close to each other. On
their inner faces, the plates have surface charge densities of opposite + –
 
(I) + +
sign (± s). Having magnitude 8.8 × 10–12 cm–2 as shown here. (II) – –
(III)
+ –
  
The intensity of electrified at a point is E = and flux is f = E  S ,
0 A B
where DS = 1 m2 (unit arial plate)
(i) E in the outer region (I) of the first (A) plate is
(a) 1.7 × 10–22 N/C (b) 1.1 × 10–12 V/m (c) Zero (d) Insufficient data
[Ans. (c)
(ii) E in the outer region (III) of the second plate (B) is
(a) 1 N/C (b) 0.1 V/m (c) 0.5 N/C (d) Zero [Ans. (d)
(iii) E between (II) the plate is
(a) 1 N/C (b) 0.1 V/m (c) 0.5 N/C (d) None of these
[Ans. (d)
(iv) The ratio of E from left side of plate A at distance 1 cm and 2 m respectively is
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 10 : 2 (c) 1 : 1 (d) 20 : 1  [Ans. (c)
(v) In order to estimate the electric field due to a thin finite plane metal plate the Gaussian
surface considered is
(a) Spherical (b) Linear (c) Cylindrical (d) Cubic [Ans. (c)
Q.16. Optical fiber
Cladding
Light guidance in an optical fibre can be understood by considering

s
a structure comprising of thin solid glass cylinder of reflective Light

iv D a
index n1 surrounding by a medium of lower refractive index n2. ray
The light guidance in the structure takes place due to successive

Sh
Plastic
total internal reflections at the interface of medium n1 and n2 as Core coating
shown in figure. All rays with angle of incidence i less than a particular value im are confined in the
medium at refractive index n1. The numerical aperture (NA) of the structure is defined as sin im.
45
For two structures namely S1 with n1 = and Butter Coating
4
8
n2 = 3 , and S2 with n1 =
7 Cladding n2
and n2 = are taking
2 5 5 n1
4 Core

refractive index of water to be and that of air
3 Cladding

to be 1. Butter Coating

(i) NA of S1 immersed in water is same as that of S2 immersed in a liquid of refractive index is:
16 3 15 6 15
(a) (b) (c) (d)  [Ans. (a)
3 15 16 15 6
(ii) NA of S1 placed in air is same as that of S2 immersed in liquid of refractive index is:
4 15
(a) (b) (c) 4 15 (d) 15  [Ans. (a)
15 4
(iii) Optical fibre is based on
(a) Refraction (b) Reflection (c) Polarisation (d) None of these
[Ans. (d)
(iv) For total internal refection, light must travel.
(a) from rarer to denser medium (b) from denser to rarer medium
(c) in air only (d) in water only [Ans. (b)
(v) Mirage is accounted for by
(a) Snell’s law (b) Polarization (c) Dispersion of light (d) None of these
[Ans. (d)
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 SECTION – C
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone.
Q.17. A circular coil of wire consisting of 100 turns, each of radius 8.0 cm carries a current of 0.40 A.
What is the magnitude of the magnetic field B at the centre of the coil? [Ans. 3.14 × 10–4 T
Q.18. Consider a point at the focal point of a convergent lens. Another convergent lens of short focal length
is placed on the other side. What is the nature of the wavefronts emerging from the final image?
Or
Draw a sketch showing the incident reflected and transmitted rays when, light is incident at the
polarising angle on a glass slab.
Q.19. Three charges –q, –q and 2q are to be placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of each side
l. What is the dipole moment of the system? [Ans. 3q l
Or
Ordinary rubber is an insulator but the special rubber tyres of aircrafts are made slightly conductive.
Why is this necessary? [Ans. For earthing
Q.20. Find the position of the image formed by the lens combination given in the figure.

Q.21. An electric dipole of length 4 cm, when placed with its axis making an angle of 60° with a uniform

a s
electric field, experience a torque of 4 3 Nm. Calculate the

D
(i) Magnitude of the electric field.

i v
(ii) Potential energy of the dipole, if the dipole has charges of ± 8nC.

Sh
Q.22. Two point charges +q and –q are placed a distance ‘d‘ apart. Draw the line on which the resultant
field is parallel to the line joining the two charges.
Q.23. What are the factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends? Define resistivity and state
its SI units.
Q.24. Write two characteristics of image formed when an object is placed between the optical centre and
focus of a thin convex lens. Draw the graph showing variation of image distance v with object
distance u in this case. 
Q.25. A constant voltage is applied between the two ends of a uniform metallic wire. Heat Q is developed
in it. If another wire, double the radius and twice the length is used, how much heat will be
developed in it?
SECTION – D
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone.
Q.26. State Gauss’s law in electrostatics. Show that with help of suitable figure that outward flux due to
a point charge Q, in vacuum within Gaussian surface, is independent of its size and shape.
Q.27. Derive an expression for the electric field at any point on the axial line and equatorial line of an
electric dipole?
Or
Write expression for the electric potential due to a uniformly charged spherical shell at a point
(i) Outside the shell (ii) On the shell (iii) Inside the shell
Q.28. State the main implications of observations obtained from various photoelectric experiments. Can
these implications be explained by wave nature of light? Justify your answer.
Or
Consider two coherent sources S1 and S2 producing monochromatic waves to produce interference
pattern. Let the displacement of the wave produced by S1 be given by Y1 = a cos wt and the
displacement by S2 and Y2 = a cos (wt + f). Find out the expression for the amplitude of the
f
resultant displacement at a point and show that the intensity at that point will be I = 4a2 cos2 .
2
Hence establish the conditions for constructive and destructive interference.
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Q.29. (a) The figure shows a cross-section of a light pipe made of a glass fiber of refractive index 1.68.
The outer covering of the pipe is made of a material of refractive index 1.44. What is the range
of the angles of the incident rays with the axis of the pipe for which total reflections inside the
pipe take place, as shown in the figure.

i¢ i¢
r
i

(b) What is the answer if there is no outer covering of the pipe?

Q.30. (a) Explain de-Broglie argument to propose his hypothesis. Show that de-Broglie wavelength of
photon equals electromagnetic radiation.
(b) Calculate momentum of a photon associated with radiation of frequency 5 × 1013 Hz.
Given. h = 6.6 × 10–34 Js and c = 3 × 108 m/sec.

SECTION – E
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone.
Q.31. Define Huygens’s wave theory. Derive the laws of refraction and laws of reflection of light on the
basic of Huygens’s wave theory of light.
Or
(a) State two main considerations taken into account while choosing the objective of astronomical
telescope.
(b) Draw a ray diagram of reflecting type telescope. State its magnifying power.

a s
(c) State the advantages of reflecting telescope over the refracting telescope.

iv D
Q.32. (a) Define an ideal electric dipole. Give an example.
(b) Derive an expression for the torque experienced by an electric dipole in a uniform electric field.

Sh
What is net force acting on this dipole?
(c) An electric dipole of length 2 cm is placed with its axis making an angle of 60° with respect to
uniform electric field of 105 N/C. If it experiences a torque of 8 3 Nm, calculate the magnitude
of charge on the dipole, and its potential energy of the dipole.
Or
→
(a) Deduce the expression for the torque acting on a dipole of dipolemoment p in the presence of
→
a uniform electric field E .
(b) Consider two hollow concentric spheres, S1 and S2, enclosing charges 4Q

2Q and 4Q respectively as shown in the figure: S2

2Q
(i) Find out the ratio of the electric flux through them.
(ii) How will the electric flux through the sphere S1 change if a
medium of dielectric constant er is introduced in the space S1
inside S1, in place of air? Deduce the necessary expression.
Q.33. (a) Deduce the expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor when a conducting slab
is inserted between its plates. Assume the slab thickness less than the plate separation.
(b) A parallel plate capacitor, of capacitance 20μF, is connected to a 100 V supply. After sometime
the battery is disconnected, and the space, between the plates of the capacitor is filled with a
dielectric, of dielectric constant 5. Calculate the energy stored in the capacitor (i) before (ii) after
the dielectric has been put in between its plates.
Or
(a) Derive the expression for the energy stored in a parallel plate capacitor. Hence, obtain the
expression for the energy density of the electric field.
(b) A fully charged parallel plate capacitor is connected across an uncharged identical capacitor.
Show that the energy stored in the combination is less than that stored initially in the single
capacitor.
❒ ❒ ❒ ❒

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 Series : CBSE / SGP / 2021-02 (Unsolved) Code No. 042
Roll No.

• Please check that this question paper contains 6 printed pages.

• Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on
the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
• Please check that this question paper contains 33 questions.
• Please write down the Serial Number of the question before attempting it.
• 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will
be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the students will read the
question paper only and will not write any answer on the answer-book during this
period.

PHYSICS–XII
Sample Guess Paper 2 (Unsolved)
Time allowed : 3 hours

D a s Maximum Marks : 70

Sh i v
General Instructions:
Same as in Sample Guess Paper 1 (Unsolved).

SECTION – A
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them.
Q.1. Name the physical quantity having units Joule per T (tesla). [Ans. Magnetic field (B)
Q.2. Name the electromagnetic radiation in which the 10–2 m wavelength belongs. [Ans. Micro
Or
The amplitude of the magnetic field part of a harmonic electromagnetic wave in vacuum is
B0 = 510 nT. What is the electromagnetic waves produced by the oscillator?  [Ans. 153 NC–1
Q.3. A charged particle enters an environment of a strong and non-uniform magnetic field varying from
point to point both in magnitude and direction and comes out of it following a complicated trajectory.
Would its final speed equal to the initial speed if it suffered no collisions with the environment?
Q.4. How much average power over a complete cycle does an AC source supply to a capacitor? [Ans. 0
Or
An ideal inductor when connected in A.C. circuit does not produce heating effect though it reduces
the current in the circuit. Explain why?
Q.5. Define ionization energy. What is its value for a hydrogen atom? [Ans. –13.6eV
Q.6. The de-Broglie wavelength of a particle of kinetic energy K is l. What would be the wavelength
of the particle, if its kinetic energy were K/4? [Ans. 2l
Q.7. Is free neutron a stable particle? If not, what is its mode of decay? 
Or
Two nuclei have different number of protons and neutrons. Can they have the same radii and
same nuclear density? [Ans. r ∝ A1/3
Q.8. The applied input A.C. power to a half wave rectifier is 100 watt. The D.C. output power obtained is
40 watt. What is the power efficiency?  [Ans. 80%
Or
State relation between the frequency v of radiation, emitted by LED and the band gap energy E of
the semiconductor is used to fabricate it.
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 Q.9. Assuming the ideal diode, draw the output waveform for the 20 sin (wt)
5V
circuit given in figure. Explain the waveform.

Q.10. Suppose a n-type wafer is created by doping Si-crystal having 5 × 1028 atom/m3 with 1 ppm
concentration of As. On the surface 200 ppm Boron is added to create ‘p’ region in this wafer.
Considering ni = 1.5 × 1016 m–3. Calculate the densities of the charge carriers in the n and p regions.
[Ans. 0.45 × 10+10 m–3 (n-region), 2.25 × 107 m–3 (p-region)
For questions number 11, 12, 13 and 14, two statements are given—one labelled Assertion (A) and the other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given
below.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Q.11. Assertion (A): When charges are shared between any two bodies, no charge is really lost but some
loss of energy does occur.
Reason (R): Some energy disappears in the form of heat, sparking etc. [Ans. (a)
Q.12. Assertion (A): The number of electric lines of force emitting from 1 mC charge in vacuum is 1.13 × 106.
Reason (R): This follows from Gauss’s theorem in electrostatics. [Ans. (a)
Q.13. Assertion (A): A ray of light entering from glass to air suffers change in frequency.

s
Reason (R): Velocity of light in glass is more than that in air. [Ans. (d)

iv D a
Q.14. Assertion (A): A dentist uses a concave mirror to examine a small cavity.
Reason (R): A dentist uses a concave mirror so as to form a magnified, virtual image of an object.

Sh
[Ans. (a)

SECTION – B
Questions 15 and 16 are Case Study based questions and are compulsory. Attempt any 4 sub-parts from
each question. Each question carries 1 mark.
→
Q.15. Electric field line is a vector quantity represented by E . Let the point charge be placed at the
→
origin. The magnitude of E at a point decreases inversely as the square of distance of that point
from the charge always pointing radially outward. All pointing outward from the point charge,
length of arrow contained information about strength of field.

Field lines start from positive charges, and end at negative charges, they draw a continuous curve
they are never cross each other. Electrostatic field lines do not form any closed loops.
1. Electric field lines pattern are correct for +10µC charge is kept in free space.

(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these

[Ans. (b)
2. At a particular point, electric field depends upon.
(a) Source charge Q only (b) test charge q0 only
(c) both Q and q0 (d) neither Q nor q0 [Ans. (a)
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 3. The SI unit of electric field intensity is
(a) N (b) N/C (c) C/m2 (d) N/m2 [Ans. (b)
4. Electric field due to single charge is
(a) Asymmetric (b) Cylindrically symmetric
(c) Spherically symmetric (d) None of these [Ans. (c)
5. Electric field intensity due to an electric dipole varies with distance ‘r’ of the point from the
centre of dipole as.
1 1 1
(a) E ∝
(b) E ∝ 2 (c) E ∝ 3 (d) None of these
r r r
[Ans. (c)
Q.16. Bohr improved upon Rutherford model postulating that electrons can revolve around the nucleus
in certain discrete, non radiating orbits called stationary orbits, for which total angular momentum
of revolving electron is an integral multiple of h/2π, where ‘h’ is plank constant
nh
mvr = , where n = 1, 2, 3.
2π
‘n’ is called principal quantum number. Further, when an electron jumps
from an outer stationary orbit is radiated in the form of spectral line.
hc
hv = = E2 – E1
λ
Also centripetal force required by electron in moving in a circular orbit
mv 2 1 Ze( e )

r 4  0 r 2

1. Which of the following quantities has the same dimension as those of Planck’s constant?

a s
(a) Angular momentum (b) Torque

D
(c) Energy (d) Momentum  [Ans. (a)

i v
2. The value of Rydberg constant is

Sh
(a) 1.097 × 10–7 m (b) 1.097 × 107 m–1 (c) 1.097 × 10–7 m–1 (d) 1.097 × 107 m
[Ans. (b)
3. The correct relation for impact parameter, where symbols have their usual meaning is
2 2 Ze 2 cot  Z 2 e cot θ / 2 4  0E
(a) Ze cot(/2 ) (b) (c) (d)  [Ans. (a)
4  0 .E 4  0 .E 4 πε 0 E Ze 2 cot /2
4. The diameter of first orbit of hydrogen atom is of the order of
(a) 0.5 Å (b) 1 Å (c) 2 Å (d) 4 Å [Ans. (b)
5. Total energy of electron in nth stationary orbit of hydrogen atom is
13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6
(a) Joule (b) eV (c) – eV (d) – Joule [Ans. (c)
n2 n2 n2 n2
SECTION – C
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone.
Q.17. A long straight wire carriers a current of 10 A. What is the magnitude of the field B at a point
20 cm from the wire? [Ans. 0.5 × 10–5 T
Q.18. A parallel beam of light of wavelength 500 nm falls on a narrow slit and the resulting diffraction
pattern is observed on a screen 1m away. It is observed that the first minimum is at a distance of
2.5 mm from the centre of the screen. Find the width of the slit.
Or
What is a polaroid? Give two examples of commonly used devices which make use of polaroids.

Q.19. Two identical bulbs B1 and B2 are connected across a D.C. battery L B1
as shown in the given figure. The resistance of the inductor (L)
is equal to that of the resistor. On closing the key (K) B2
(i) Which bulb lights up earlier? R
(ii) Which bulb glows brighter when current becomes steady?
(iii) Explain which bulb will be brighter if D.C. battery is K
replaced by an A.C. source of the same effective voltage.
Justify your answer each cost.
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Q.19. A charged particle is free to move in an electric field. Will it always move along on electric line of
force.
Or
Two small balls having equal positive charge ‘Q’ coulomb on each are suspended by two insulating
springs of equal length ‘L’ meter from a hook fixed to a stand. If the whole set up is taken in a
satellite into space where there is no gravity. What is the angle between the two strings and the
tension in each string?
Q.21. Prove that the nuclear density is independent of mass number.
Or
If fission of a 56
26 Fe nucleus into two equal fragments of 28
13Al possible? Show by calculating the Q
value of the process. Given m (56 28
26Fe) = 55.93494 u and m (13Al) = 27.98191 u.
Q.22. An electron in ground state of hydrogen atom is revolving in a circular orbit of radius R. Obtain
the expression for the orbital magnetic moment of electron in terms of fundamental constants.

Q.23. A biconvex lens with its two faces of equal radius of curvature R is made of a transparent
R R
medium of refractive index μ1. It is kept in contact with a medium of refractive index
μ2 on one side and air on the other side as shown in the figure. Find the equivalent focal
length of the combination and obtain the condition for the combination to act as a m1
diverging lens. m2

Q.24. Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength of electron orbiting in the first excited state of hydrogen atom.
Q.25. State Huygen’s principle and based on Huygen’s construction, draw the shape of a plane wavefront
as it gets refracted on passing through (a) a thin prism, and (b) a thin convex lens.

s
Or

a
State two conditions for sustained interference of light. Draw the variation of intensity with position

iv D
in the interference pattern of Young’s double slit experiment.

Sh
SECTION – D
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone.

Q.26. In the following potentiometer circuit, AB is a uniform wire of length

1 m and resistance 10 Ω. Calculate the potential gradient along the
wire and balance length AO.

Or
A galvanometer together with an unknown resistance in series, is connected across. Two identical
batteries of 1.5 V each. When the batteries are connected in series, the galvanometer reads a
current of 1A and when the batteries are connected in parallel, it reads 0.6A. What is the internal
resistance of the battery?
Q.27. Obtain the resonant frequency and Q-factor of a series LCR circuit with L = 3.0 H, C = 27 mF and
R = 7.4 W. It is desired to improve the sharpness of the resonance of the circuit by reducing its ‘full
width at half maximum’ by a factor of 2. Suggest a suitable way.
Or
A voltage V = V0 sin wt is applied to a series LCR circuit. Derive the expression for the average
power dissipated over a cycle. State the condition under which maximum power is dissipated in
the circuit.
Q.28. The angular width of the central maximum in a single slit diffraction pattern is 60º. The width of
the slit is 1μm. The slit is illuminated by monochromatic plane waves. If another slit of same width
is made near it, Young’s fringes can be observed on a screen placed at a distance of 50 cm from
the slits. If the observed fringe width is 1 cm, find the separation between the slits. Also find the
number of interference fringes formed within the central bright fringe of the diffraction pattern.
Q.29. A long straight wire of circular cross-section of radius ‘r’ carries a steady current I. The current is
PHYSICS—SAMPLE GUESS PAPER 2 (Unsolved) ✦ 103

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 uniformly distributed over the cross-section. Calculate the magnetic field at a point—(a) outside
the wire and (b) inside the wire. Draw a graph showing the variation of magnetic field.
Photocurrent
Q.30.
(i) The graph given here shows the variation of y
photocurrent for a photosensitive metal:
(a) Identify the variable on the x-axis. C
(b) What does Point C on y-axis represent?
B
(c) Draw this graph for three different frequencies
v1, v2, v3 such that (v1 < v2 < v3) of incident A x Potential Difference
radiation for same intensity. O
in voltas (V)

(ii) Write two observed features of photoelectric effect which cannot be explained by wave theory
of light.
SECTION – E
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone.
Q.31. (a) Draw a labelled diagram of an astronomical telescope to show image formation of a distant
object in normal adjustment position. Write the main consideration required in selecting the
objective and eyepiece in order to have high magnifying power.
(b) How is the working of a telescope different from that of a microscope?
The focal lengths of the objective and eyepiece of a microscope are 1.25 cm and 5 cm respectively.
Find the position of the object relative to the objective in order to obtain an angular magnification
of 30 in normal adjustment.
Or

s
(a) A point object is placed on the principal axis of a convex spherical surface of radius of curvature

a
R, which separates two media of refractive indices n1 and n2 (n2 > n1). Deduce the relation

v D
between the object distance ‘u’, image distance ‘v’ and the radius of curvature for refraction to

Sh i
take place at the convex surface from rarer to denser medium.
(b) A ray of light passing through an equilateral glass prism from air undergoes minimum deviation
when angle of incidence is 3/4th of the angle of prism. Calculate the speed of light in prism.
Q.32. (a) With the help of a diagram, explain the working of a full wave rectifier. Also show the input
and output waveform.
A1

(b) Assuming that the resistances of the ammeters are negligible, what will be
the readings of the ammeters A1 and A2 in the circuit shown.

A2

Or
(a) Describe the working principle of a solar cell. Explain briefly the three basic processes involved
in the generation of emf in a solar cell. Draw the I-V characteristic for the solar cell.
(b) A semiconductor has equal electron and hole concentration of 4 × 108 m–3. On doping with
certain impurity, the electron concentration increases to 8 × 1012 m–3. Identify the type of
semiconductor obtained after doping and find the new hole concentration.
Q.33. (a) Derive an expression for the electric field E due to a dipole of length ‘2a’ at a point distance r
from the centre of the dipole on its axial line. Draw a graph of E vs r for r > > a.
(b) A charged particle of charge 1μC and mass 20 mg, moving with a velocity of 1000 m/s enters a
uniform electric field of strength 2 × 103 NC–1 directed perpendicular to its direction of motion.
Find the speed of the particle after 10s.
Or
(a) State Gauss’s theorem in electrostatics. Prove that no electric field exists inside a charged
hollow sphere.
(b) Two square metal plates of side 10 cm each are kept parallel to each other at a distance of
0.5 mm. If the side of each plate is increased by 20% and the separation doubled, calculate the
ratio of capacitance in the two cases.
❒ ❒ ❒ ❒

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 Series : CBSE / SGP / 2021-03 (Unsolved) Code No. 042
Roll No.

• Please check that this question paper contains 5 printed pages.

• Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on
the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
• Please check that this question paper contains 33 questions.
• Please write down the Serial Number of the question before attempting it.
• 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will
be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the students will read the
question paper only and will not write any answer on the answer-book during this
period.

PHYSICS–XII
Sample Guess Paper 3 (Unsolved)

a s
iv D
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 70

Sh
General Instructions:
Same as in Sample Guess Paper 1 (Unsolved).

SECTION – A
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them.
Q.1. Name the physical quantity whose unit Am2. [Ans. Magnetic moment
Q.2. Name the electromagnetic radiation to which wave of wavelength in the range of 10– 2 m belongs.
Give one use of this part of Electromagnetic spectrum. [Ans. Microwave
Or
What physical quantity is the same for x-rays of wavelength 10–10 m, red light of wavelength
6800Å and radiowaves of wavelength 500 m? [Ans. Speed
Q.3. An electron travelling west to east enters a chamber having a uniform electrostatic field in north
to south direction. Specify the direction in which a uniform magnetic field should be set up to
prevent the electron from deflection from its straight line path. [Ans. Vertical downward
Q.4. What will be the instantaneous voltage for A.C. supply of 220 V at 50 Hz? [Ans. 311 sin 100 pt
Or
A lamp in a circuit consisting of a coil of large no. of turns and a battery does not light upto full
brilliance instantly on switching on the circuit why?
Q.5. Find the ratio of energies of photon produced due to transition of an electron of hydrogen atom
from its, second permitted energy level to the first level? [Ans. 10.2 eV
Q.6. Are matter waves electromagnetic? Write de-Broglie equation.
Q.7. A nucleus contains no electrons, yet it ejects them. How?
Or
Two nuclei have mass numbers in the ratio 1 : 8 what is the ratio of their nuclear radii? [Ans. 1/2
Q.8. Determine the current through the resistances of the circuit shown in fig. The each p-n junction
used is ideal one. [Ans. I = 2A

PHYSICS—SAMPLE GUESS PAPER 3 (Unsolved) ✦ 105

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 Or
What is the most common use of photodiode?
Q.9. Can we take one slab of p-type, semiconductor and physically join it to another n-type semiconductor
to get p-n junction? [Ans. No
Q.10. Draw a circuit diagram for the reverse biased p-n junction diode. Sketch the voltage current graph
for the same.
For questions number 11, 12, 13 and 14, two statements are given—one labelled Assertion (A) and the other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given
below.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Q.11. Assertion (A): A charge q is placed on the height h/4 above the centre of a square of side ‘b’. The
flux associated with the square is independent of side length. [Ans. (a)

a s
Reason (R): Gauss’s law is independent of size of the Gaussian surface.

D
Q.12. Assertion (A): In a series combination of capacitors, charge on each capacitor is same.

i v
Reason (R): In such a combination, charge cannot move only along one route. [Ans. (a)

Sh
Q.13. Assertion (A): A prism is the source of colours of light.
Reason (R): A prism has same refractive index for different colours of light. [Ans. (d)
Q.14. Assertion (A): Focal length of an equiconvex lens of µ = 3/2 is equal to radius of curvature of each
surface. 
1  1 1 
Reason (R): It follows from  (   1)   . [Ans. (a)
f  R1 R2 

SECTION – B
Questions 15 and 16 are Case Study based questions and are compulsory. Attempt any 4 sub-parts from
each question. Each question carries 1 mark.
Q.15. Kirchhoff’s Rules and Wheatstone Bridge (Application of Kirchhoff’s rule)
Electric circuits generally consist of a no. of resistors and cells. Interconnected sometimes in a
complicated way to determine all the currents and potential differences in the circuit. Two rules
called Kirchhoff’s rules, are very useful for analysis of electric circuits. If ultimately I is determined
to be positive, the actual current in the resistors is in the direction of the arrows if I turns out to
be negative, the current actually flows in a direction opposite to the arrow the potential difference
V= V(p) – V(N) = e – Ir
(i) KCL-I (Junction rule)—at any junction, the sum of current entering the junction is equal to the
sum of current leaving the junction i.e. SI = 0.
(ii) KCL-II (Loop rule)—The algebraic sum of chances in potential around any closed loop
involving resistor and cell in the loop is zero SIR + SE = 0
Application of Kirchhoff rules considers the circuit shown in Fig. B is called wheat stone bridge.
The bridge has 4 resistances, cell on internal resistance for balanced bridge Ig = 0 and we obtained
a relation the four resistances is
R1 R3
=
R2 R4

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 I4

R5W h

I1
R4W R3W I1
a d
b c
I1 I3
I2 R2W

g I2 e
E R1W
Fig. A Fig. B

(i) Kirchhoff’s second law is based on law of conservation of

(a) Sum of mass and Energy (b) Momentum
(c) Energy (d) Charge [Ans. (c)
(ii) Kirchhoff’s first law is based on law of conservation of
(a) Sum of mass and energy (b) Mass
(c) Energy (d) Charge [Ans. (d)
(iii) A meter bridge works on the principle of
(a) Potential energy (b) Kirchhoff (KVL) law
(c) KCL current law (d) Wheat stone bridge [Ans. (d)

a s
(iv) In a wheatstone bridge, resistance is connected as shown in Fig. (A)

iv D
the bridge is balanced. When the bridge is/are in the ratio
(a) P/Q = R/S

Sh
(b) Q/P = S/R
(c) PQ = RS
(d) P /Q = S/R [Ans. (d)

(v) In given figure when the galvanometer shows no deflection, the

current flowing through 5 Ω resistance will be
(a) 0.5 A (b) 0.6 A
10
(c) 0.91 A (d) 1.5 A [Ans. (b); [ Hint : I 5Ω = × 2.1 = 0.6
35

Q.16. Thomsons Model

According to Thomson’s model, every atom consists
of a positively charged sphere of radius 10–10 m in
which entire mass and positive charge of the atom
are uniformly distributed. Inside the sphere, electrons
are embedded like seeds in a watermelon. According
to Rutherford, entire positive charge and mass of the
atom are concentrated in a tiny central core of the
atom, which is called atomic nucleus size of
nucleus ≈ 10–15 m.
The nucleus contains protons and neutrons. Negatively charged electrons revolve around the
nucleus in circular orbits.
(i) The size of atom is of the order of
(a) 10–14 m (b) 10–12 m (c) 10–10 m (d) 10–10 m [Ans. (c)
(ii) The size of atomic nucleus is of the order of
(a) 10–15 m (b) 10–10 m (c) 10–14 m (d) 1010 m [Ans. (a)

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 (iii) The ratio of atomic volume to nuclear volume is of the order of
(a) 1015 m (b) 10–12 m (c) 108 m (d) 10–8 m [Ans. (a)
(iv) Large angle scattering of a-particles could not be explained by
(a) Rutherford model
(b) Thomson
(c) Both Rutherford model and Thomson model
(d) None of these [Ans. (b)
(v) What is the energy of He+ electron in first orbit
(a) 40.8 eV (b) –27.2 eV (c) –54.4eV (d) –13.6 eV [Ans. (c)

SECTION – C
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone.
Q.17. A long straight wire in the horizontal plane carries a current 50A in north to south direction. Give
the magnitude and direction of B at a point 2.5 m east of the wire.
Q.18. In double slit experiment using light of wavelength 600 nm the, angular width of a fringe formed
on a distant screen is 0.1º. What is the spacing between two slits?
Or
Differentiate between ray and wavefront ?
Q.19. A positive point charge (+q) is kept in the vicinity of an uncharged conducting plate. Sketch electric
field lines originating from the point on the surface of the plate.
Or

D a s
i v
In Fig. electric field E = 100 NC–1 is shown side of the cube is 20 cm. Find

Sh
the nature of the charge which is inside the cube and the magnitude of the
charge.

20 cm

Q.20. Explain with help of circuit diagram, the working of a special p-n junction diode which detects the
light. Name it.
Q.21. A long solenoid with 15 turns per cm has a small loop of area 2.0 cm2 placed inside the solenoid
normal to its axis. If the current carried by the solenoid changes steadily from 2.0A to 4.0A in
0.1 s. What is the induced emf in the loop while the current is changing?
Q.22. In a Young’s double-slit experiment, the slits are separated by 0.28 mm and the screen is placed
1.4 m away. The distance between the central bright fringe and the fourth bright fringe is measured
to be 1.2 cm. Determine the wavelength of light used in the experiment.
Q.23. Differentiate between p type and n type semiconductor.
Q.24. Define the terms magnetic meridian and geographical meridian.
Or
Vertical component of earth’s magnetic field at a place is 3 times the horizontal component.
What is the value of angle of dip at that place?
Q.25. Draw the ray diagram of astronomical telescope in normal adjustment.

SECTION – D
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone.
Q.26. A conducting circular loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field B = 0.020 T with its plane
perpendicular to the magnetic field. The radius of the loop starts shrinking at a constant rate of
1 mm/s. Find the induced current in the loop at an instant when the radius is 2 cm.
Q.27. Write the principle and working of an ideal voltmeter. How can the sensitivity of this instrument
be increased?
Or

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 Two cells of emf E1 and E2 and internal resistance r1 and r2 respectively are connected in a parallel
combination. Determine the equivalent emf and internal resistance of the combination.
Q.28. The work function of caesium metal is 2.14 eV. When light of frequency 6 ×1014 Hz is incident on
the metal surface, photoemission of electrons occurs. Calculate
(a) maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons,
(b) Stopping potential, and
(c) Maximum speed of the emitted photoelectrons.
Or
Write three properties of photons. Why could wave theory of light not explain the photoelectric
effect?
Q.29. A hydrogen atom initially in the ground level absorbs a photon, which excites it to the n = 4th
level. Determine the wavelength and frequency of photon.
Q.30. (a) With the help of Binding energy per nucleon curve, explain why it is low for lighter and very
heavy nuclei and high for middle weighted nuclei.
(b) With the help of law of radioactive decay obtain the expression of half-life.

SECTION – E
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone.
Q.31. Net capacitance of three identical capacitors in series is 1μF. What will be their net capacitance if
connected in parallel? Find the ratio of energy stored in the two configurations, if they are both
connected to the same source.

s
State Gauss’s law and use this law to derive the electric filed at a point from an infinitely long

a
straight uniformly charged wire.

iv D
Or

Sh
(a) How does the balancing point of a Wheatstone bridge get affected when
(i) position of cell and Galvanometer are interchanged?
(ii) position of the known and unknown resistances is interchanged?
(b) Using Kirchhoff’s rule obtain the condition of balanced Wheatstone bridge.
Q.32. In series LCR circuit with L= 3H, C = 27μF and R= 30 Ώ. at resonance,
Explain the following:
(a) Write the expression for resonance frequency?
(b) What is impedance at resonance?
(c) Is the current maximum or minimum?
(d) Find quality factor? How will it change if resistance increases?
Or
(a) State the principle of transformer.
(b) Explain with the help of a well labelled diagram, its working and explain why number of turns
in secondary coils is the deciding factor of increase or decrease in voltage/ current.
(c) Why AC is preferred over DC for power transmission over long distances?
Q.33. (a) State Huygen’s wave principle. 5
(b) On the basis of Huygens wave principle explain how central maxima is obtained even though
there is only one source.
Or
(a) Derive the lens maker formula.
(b) Three narrow beams of light namely red, green and blue incident on convex lens. Explain
which beam of light will be focussed first and why?
❒ ❒ ❒ ❒

PHYSICS—SAMPLE GUESS PAPER 3 (Unsolved) ✦ 109

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 Series : CBSE / SGP / 2021-04 (Unsolved) Code No. 042
Roll No.

• Please check that this question paper contains 6 printed pages.

• Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on
the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
• Please check that this question paper contains 33 questions.
• Please write down the Serial Number of the question before attempting it.
• 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will
be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the students will read the
question paper only and will not write any answer on the answer-book during this
period.

PHYSICS–XII
Sample Guess Paper 4 (Unsolved)
Time allowed : 3 hours

D a s Maximum Marks : 70

General Instructions:

Sh
Same as in Sample Guess Paper 1 (Unsolved).
i v
SECTION – A
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them.
Q.1. Name the physical quantity having unit Nm rad–1. [Ans. Torsion Constant (K)
Q.2. What is the wavelength of a wave with a frequency of 4.3 Hz?
Or
Name of Jagdish Chandra Bose associates with. [Ans. Generation of emw
Q.3. A toroid has a core (non-ferromagnetic) of inner radius 25 cm and outer radius 26 cm, around
which 3500 turns of a wire are wound. If the current in a wire is 11A. What is the magnetic field
outside the toroid? [Ans. Zero
Q.4. An inductor of 1H and negligible resistance is used on 220 V a.c. mains of frequency 50 Hz.
Calculate the effective current. [Ans. 0.7A
Or
Self inductance of an air core inductor increases from 0.01 mH to 10 mH when an iron core is
introduced in it. What is the relative permeability of the core? [Ans. mr = 1000
Q.5. Write the expression for Bohr’s radius in hydrogen atom.
Q.6. The stopping potential in an experiment on photoelectric effect is 1.5 V. What is the maximum
kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted?  [Ans. 1.5 eV
Q.7. Two nuclei have mass numbers in the ratio 1 : 2. What is the ratio of their nuclear densities?
Or
What is the mass of muon plus (u )? +

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 Q.8. Determine the current through the resistance of a circuit shown in fig. The each p.n junction used
is ideal one. [Ans. 0.6A

D1
D2

Or
Why cannot we take one slab of p-type semiconductor and physically join it to another slab of
n-type semiconductor to get p-n Junction?

Q.9. Figure shows the characteristics curve of a junction diode. Determine the D.C. and A.C. resistance
of the diode, when it operates at 0.3 V. [Ans. rde = 66.67W ; rac = 33.33 W


C
6

a s
B

iv D
A (0.25 – 2.5)
I (mA)

4 B (0.3 – 4.5)
A C (0.35 – 6)

Sh
2

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

V (volts)

Q.10. The conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor is very low why?

For questions number 11, 12, 13 and 14, two statements are given—one labelled Assertion (A) and the other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given
below.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Q.11. Assertion (A): Elections move away from a region of lower potential to a region of higher potential
Reason (R): Since an electron has a negative charge. [Ans. (a)
Q.12. Assertion (A): For a charged particle moving from point, P to point Q, the net work done by an
electrostatic field on the particle is independent of the path connecting point P to point Q?
Reason (R): The net work done by a conservative force on an object moving along a closed loop is
zero. [Ans. (b)
Q.13. Assertion (A): Light shows the phenomena of interference, diffraction and polarization.
Reason (R): Because light behaves as corpuscles. [Ans. (c)
Q.14. Assertion (A): The frequencies of incident, reflected and refracted beam of monochromatic light are
same.
Reason (R): The incident, reflected and refracted rays are coplanar. [Ans. (b)

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 SECTION – B
Questions 15 and 16 are Case Study based questions and are compulsory. Attempt any 4 sub-parts from
each question. Each question carries 1 mark.
Q.15. AC. GENERATOR

The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction has been technologically exploited in many ways.
An exceptionally important application is the generation of alternation current (A.C.). The modern
A.C. generator with a typical output capacity of 100 MW is highly evolved machine. In this section,
we shall describe the basic principles behind this machine. The Yugoslav inventor Nicola Tesla is
credited with the development of the machine.
The coil rotates in the magnetic field B. The effective area of the loop is A cos q where q is angle

s
between A and B. This method in producing a flux change is the principle of operation of a simple

D a
A.C. generator. An A.C. generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

i v
The coil (called) armature is mechanically rotated in the uniform magnetic by some external means,

Sh
the rotation of the coil causes the magnetic flux through it to change, so an emf is induced in the
coil. The turns of the coil are connected to an external circuit by means of slip rings and brushes.
From Faraday laws
d B d
  N   NBA (cos t ) , this is instantaneous value of emf.
dt dt

(i) The peak value of alternating emf in a generator is given by eo =

(a) NAB (b) NABw
(c) NABV (d) None [Ans. (b)
(ii) The frequency of A.C. generator depends upon
(a) Speed of rotation of coil (b) amplitude of A.C.
(c) Size of coil (d) all the above [Ans. (d)
(iii) The split ring arrangement is used in
(a) A.C. generator (b) D.C. generator
(c) Induction motor (d) transformer [Ans. (a)
(iv) In A.C. generator, Slip ring is part of
(a) Load circuit (b) armature circuit
(c) Field magnet (d) all of the above [Ans. (b)
(v) A.C. generator included A.C. components (A.C. emf.). In this A.C. emf. how many times
changes the directions of emf in one cycle?
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 0 [Ans. (b)

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Q.16. Photoelectronic Junction Devices:

Semi conductor diode in which carriers are generated by photons, all these devices are called
photoelectronic devices. We shall study the functioning of the following photoelectronic devices.
(a) Photodiodes used for detecting optical signal (Photo detectors)
(b) LED which converts electrical energy into light.
(c) Photovoltaic devices which convert optical radiation into electricity (solar cells)
(i) Full form of LED is
(a) Large Electric Device (b) Light Electric Device

s
(c) Light Emitted Device (d) None of these [Ans. (d)

a
(ii) Bandwidth emitted light from LED is

iv D
(a) 99 Å (b) 199 Å (c) 599 Å (d) 512 Å [Ans. (b)

Sh
(iii) Identify incorrect sentences regarding LED
(a) LED that can emit red, yellow orange green, white purple Indigo and blue light are
commercially available.
(b) LED’ must at least bandgap of 1.8 eV
(c) (Ga As1 – x Px) is used for making LED’s different colours.
(d) Fast on-off switching capability. [Ans. (a)
(iv) Identify the I–V characteristics curve of ______________
(a) LED
(b) Photo diode
(c) Solar cell
(d) None of these [Ans. (b)

(v) A solar cell is simply a:

(a) Diode
(b) BJT
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these [Ans. (c)

SECTION – C
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone.
Q.17. What is the magnitude of magnetic force per unit length on a wire carrying a current of 8A and
making an angle of 30° with the direction of a uniform magnetic field of 0.15 T?
Q.18. What is the shape of wavefront in cash of the following cases:
(a) Light diverging forms a point source.
(b) Light emerging out of a convex lens when a point source is placed at its focus.
Or
Sketch wavefronts corresponding to converging rays and diverging rays.
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Q.19. Distinguish between electric potential and electrical potential energy and state the relation between
them.
Or
Draw equipotential surface.
(i) in a uniform electric field and (ii) for a point charge (Q < 0).
Q.20. Draw a circuit diagram to explain the working of a photodiode. Also draw the V-I characteristic
of this semiconductor diode.
S1
S
Q.21. In the given figure, path difference SS1 – SS2 = l/4. Find the position · P O
S2 d
of central maxima from ‘O’ if P is midpoint of S1 and S2. D

Q.22. A rectangular conductor LMNO is placed in a uniform

magnetic field of 0.5 T. The field is directed perpendicular to
the plane to the conductor. When the arm MN of length of
20 cm is moved with a velocity of 10 ms−1, calculate the emf
induced in the arm. Given the resistance is of the arm to be
5 W (assuming that other arms are of negligible resistance).
Find the value of the current in the arm.
Q.23. Give three differences between p-type and n-type semiconductor. How are these made from

s
intrinsic semiconductors?

D a
Q.24. A bar magnet is held stationery in Magnetic meridian. Another similar magnet is kept parallel to it

v
such that their midpoints lie on their perpendicular bisector. If the second magnet is free to move,

Sh i
what type of motion will it have? Translatory, rotatory or both. Justify your answer.
Or
Where on the earth’s surface is the value of angle of dip
(i) maximum (ii) minimum?
Q.25. A thin converging lens has a focal length ‘l’ in air. If it is completely immersed in a liquid, briefly
explain how the focal length of the lens will vary?

SECTION – D
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone.
Q.26. A long straight wire of a circular cross-section of radius ‘a’ carries a steady current ‘I’. The current
is uniformly distributed across the cross-section. Apply Ampere’s circuital law to calculate the
magnetic field at a point ‘r’ in the region for (i) r < a and (ii) r > a.3

Q.27. In the potentiometer circuit shown, the hull point is at X. State

with reason, where the balance point will be shifted when
(i) R is increased,
(ii) S is increased, keeping R constant.
(iii) Cell P is replaced by another cell whose emf is lower than
that of Cell Q.

Or
State Kirchhoff’s rules. Use these rules to write the expressions for the
current I1, I2 and I3 in the circuit diagram shown.

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Q.28. (i) State two important features of Einstein’s Photoelectric equation.
(ii) Radiation of frequency 1015 Hz is incident on two photosensitive surface P and Q. There is
no photosensitive from surface P. Photoemission occurs from surface Q but photoelectrons
have zero kinetic energy. Explain these observations and find the value of work function for
surface Q.
Or
A beam of monochromatic radiation is incident on a photosensitive surface.
Answer the following questions:
(i) Do the emitted photoelectrons have the same kinetic energy?
(ii) Does the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons depend on the intensity of incident radiation?
(iii) On what factors does the number of emitted photoelectrons depend?
Q.29. The value of ground state energy of hydrogen atom is -13.6 eV. What does the negative sign
signify? How much energy is required to take an electron in this atom from the ground state to
the first excited state?
Q.30. Obtain the binding energy of a nitrogen nucleus (7N14) from the following data mH = 1.00783;
mu = 1.008675; mN = 14.03074. Give your answer in MeV.

SECTION – E
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone.

Q.31. (a) Two thin infinite sheets 1 and 2 having surface charge densities
+s and –2s respectively are as shown in the diagram.

s
Find the electric field at points A and B.

iv D a
(b) A capacitor of capacity C is charged fully by connecting it to a battery of emf E. It is then
disconnected from the battery. If the separation between the plates of the capacitor is doubled,

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then how the following parameters will change?
(i) Charged stored in the capacitor. (ii) Field strength between the plates.
(iii) Energy stored by the capacitor.
Or
(a) Define electric dipole. Derive an expression for the electric potential on the axial line due to an
electric dipole.
(b) An electric dipole of length 4 cm, when placed with its axis making an angle of 60° with a
uniform electric field, experiences a torque of 4 3 N m. Calculate the potential energy of the
dipole, if it has a charge of ±8 nC.
Q.32. A series LCR circuit is connected to an A.C. source. Using the phasor diagram, derive the expression
for the impedance of the circuit. Plot the graph to show the variation of current with frequency of
the source, explaining the nature of its variation and hence calculate impedance at resonance.
Or
(a) Define the coefficient of self-inductance. Find the coefficient of self-inductance of a long
co-axial solenoid.
(b) A metallic rod of length l is rotated at a constant angular speed ω, normal to a uniform magnetic
field B. Derive an expression for the current induced in the rod, if the resistance of the rod is R.
Q.33. (a) Derive lens maker’s formula for a given biconvex lens.
(b) Double convex lenses are to be manufactured from a glass of refractive index 1.55 with both
faces of the same radius of curvature. What is the radius of curvature required if focal length is
to be 20 cm?
Or
(a) Draw the ray diagram of image formation by a telescope when final image is formed at infinity.
Write the formula for its magnifying power.
(b) A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 144 cm and an eyepiece of focal length of
6 cm. Calculate its magnifying power and separation between both lenses.
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 Series : CBSE / SGP / 2021-05 (Unsolved) Code No. 042
Roll No.

• Please check that this question paper contains 5 printed pages.

• Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on
the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
• Please check that this question paper contains 33 questions.
• Please write down the Serial Number of the question before attempting it.
• 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will
be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the students will read the
question paper only and will not write any answer on the answer-book during this
period.

PHYSICS–XII
Sample Guess Paper 5 (Unsolved)

D a s
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 70

i v
General Instructions:

Sh
Same as in Sample Guess Paper 1 (Unsolved).

SECTION – A
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them.
Q.1. Name the physical quantity having unit same as magnetic moment. [Ans. mB (Boher Magneton
Q.2. Mention one use of part of electromagnetic spectrum to which a wavelength of 1 m belongs.
[Ans. Radio
Or
Suppose that the electric field amplitude of an electromagnetic wave is E0 = 120 N/C and that its
frequency is V = 50.0 MHz. Determine k. [Ans. k = 1.05 rad/m
Q.3. A uniform magnetic field of 1.5 T exists in a cylindrical region of radius 10.0 cm, its direction
parallel to the axis along east to west. A wire carrying current of 7.0 A in the north to south
direction passes through this region. What is the magnitude and direction of the force on the wire,
if the wire intersects the axis. [Ans. 2.1 N
Q.4. 220 V, 50 Hz A.C. supply is connected across a capacitor of 5 mF. Calculate the effective current.
[Ans. 0.375 A
Or
A plot of magnetic flux (f) versus current (I) is shown in the figure for two inductors A and B.
Which of the two has larger value of inductance?  [Ans. A

Q.5. What is the angle of scattering for zero impact parameter? [Ans. 180°
Q.6. For which theory Albert Einstein was awarded Nobel Prize. [Ans. photoelectric effect
Q.7. In a particular fission reaction, a 92U235 nucleus captures a slow neutron. The fission products are
three neutrons a 57 La142 nucleus and a fission product ZXA. What is the value of Z? [Ans. z = 35
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 Or
Calculate the energy equivalent of 1 a.m.u. in MeV. [Ans. 933.75 MeV
Q.8. Name the junction diode whose I-V characteristics are drawn below. [Ans. photodiode

Or
What happens to the width of depletion larger of p-n junction when it is forward biased?
Q.9. The forbidden energy gap for silicon 1.1 eV. What does it mean? [Ans. Ge(e.g. = 0.07 eV
Q.10. Why is germanium preferred over silicon for making semiconductor devices? [Ans. Si(eg = 1.1 eV)
For questions number 11, 12, 13 & 14, two statements are given—one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Q.11. Assertion (A): Capacity of a parallel plate condenser remains unaffected on introducing a conducting
or insulating slab between the plates.
Reason (R): In both the cases electric field intensity between the plates increases. [Ans. (d)

a s
Q.12. Assertion (A): For practical purposes, the earth is used as reference at zero potential in electrical

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circuits.
Reason (R): The electrical potential of a sphere of radius R with charge Q uniformly distributed on

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Q
the surface is given by . [Ans. (a)
4  0R
Q.13. A thin air film is formed by putting the convex surface of a plane convex lens over a plane glass
plate. With monochromatic light, this film gives an interference pattern due to light reflected from
the top (convex) surface and the bottom (glass plate) surface of the film.
Assertion (A): When light reflects from the air glass plate interface, the reflected wave suffer a phase
change of p.
Reason (R): The centre of the interference pattern is dark. [Ans. (a)
Q.14. Assertion (A): A ray of light incident normally on a refracting surface does not suffer any refraction.
Reason (R): The critical angle for total internal reflection is smaller when a ray of light travels from
glass to air. [Ans. (c)

SECTION – B
Questions 15 and 16 are Case Study based questions and are compulsory. Attempt any 4 sub-parts from
each question. Each question carries 1 mark.
Q.15. TRANSFORMER
For many purpose, it is necessary to change Primary
an A.C. voltage from one to another of winding Np
greater or smaller value. This is done with turns
a device, called transformer using the Primary lp Secondary
principle of mutual induction. Current
ls Current
A transformer consists of two sets of coils
insulating from each other they are wound Primary
Voltage
soft iron core, one of coils called the primary Secondary
Vp Voltage
coil has Np turns the other coils is called
Vs
the secondary coils, it has Ns turns.
In transformer, relation between current
p i V Ns
voltage, and turn is = s
= .
ip Vp Np

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 i V Ns
(i) In transformer, follows relation =
s s
= , we can write also NaV a 1 means V a 1 .
ip Vp Np i i
So we can say
(a) In primary coils does not follow ohms law
(b) In secondary coil does not follow ohms law
(c) Whole transformer does not follow ohms law.
(d) None of these [Ans. (c)
(ii) Power loss in transformer is given by this formula
(a) V2R (b) I2R (c) P = VIt (d) all the above
[Ans. (b)
3 Np
(iii) A Leclanche cell is connected to primary coil, and = then Vs = ?
Ns 2

(a) 1.5 (b) 6V (c) 9V (d) None of these
[Ans. (d)
(iv) In transformer
(a) Power uncharged (b) Frequency remains unchargd
(c) a and b both correct (d) (a) incorrect but (b) Correct. [Ans. (c)
Np 1 R
(v) In an ideal transformer N = 10 Calculate p .
s Rs
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 10 : 1 (c) 100 : 1 (d) 1 : 100 [Ans. (c)
Q.16. Nuclear Energy Fission and fusion

s
If nuclei with less total binding energy vs.

a
transforms to nuclei with greater binding

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energy, there will be a net energy release. This

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is what happens when a heavy nucleus decays
into two or more intermediate mass fragments
(fission) or when light nuclei fuse into a
heavier nucleus fusion. Exothermic chemical
reactions underlie conventional energy sources
such a coal for petroleum. Here the energies
involved are in the range of electron volts.
On the other hand in the nuclear reaction, the
energy released is of the order of MeV. Thus the same quantity of matter nuclear sources produce
a millions time more energy, than a chemical sources fission of 1 kg of uranium, for example,
generates 1014J of energy comparing it with burning of 1kg of coal that gives 107J.
1. Identify this equation.
01 n + 92 235 U → 236 U → 144 Ba+ → 89 Kr + 3 1 n
92 56 36 0
(a) Nuclear fusion (b) Exothermic
(c) Nuclear fission (d) None of these [Ans. (c)
2. Identify the missing element in this given equation.
01 n + 92 0 .
235 U → 236 U → 133 Sb + ....... + 4 1 n
92 51
144
(a) 56Ba (b) 133 51 Ba (c) 99
41Ba (d) 99
41Nb [Ans. (d)
3. Fill in the blank.
1H + 1H → + 2H + e+ + v + ...MeV
1 1 1
(a) 3.27 (b) 0.42 (c) 4.03 (d) 4.10 [Ans. (b)
4. Fill in the blank.
2H + 2H → 3H + 1H + ... MeV
1 1 1 1
(a) 3.27 (b) 0.42 (c) 4.03 (d) 4.2 [Ans. (c)
5. Identify this reaction.
2H + 2H → 3He + n + 3.270 MeV
1 1 2
(a) Fusion (b) Neutron reaction (c) Fission (d) None of these
[Ans. (a)
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 SECTION – C
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone.
Q.17. Two long and parallel straight wires A and B carrying current of 8.0 A and 5.0 A in the same
direction are separated by a distance of 4.0 cm. Estimate the force on a 10 cm section of wire A.
Q.18. Monochromatic light of wavelength 589 nm is incident from air on a water surface. What is the
wavelength, frequency of reflected light.
Or
Give a relation between path difference and wavelength for constructive interference between two
waves.
Q.19. What is electron volt? Express it in Joule.
Or
N-spherical droplets, each of radius r, have been charged to have a potential V each. If all these
droplets were to coalece to form a single large drop, what would be the potential of this large
drop? It is given that the capacitance of a sphere of radius x equal to 4πε0kx.
Q.20. Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram, the working of a p-n junction diode as a half-wave
rectifier.
Q.21. A metallic rod of length ‘L’ is rotated with angular frequency of ‘W’ with one end hinged at the
centre and the other end at the circumference of a circular metallic ring of radius L, about an axis
passing through the centre and perpendicular to the plane of the ring. A constant and uniform
magnetic field B parallel to the axis is present everywhere. Deduce the expression for the emf
between the centre and the metallic ring.
Q.22. (a) Write the conditions under which light sources can be said to be coherent.
(b) Why is it necessary to have coherent sources in order to produce an interference pattern?

a s
Q.23. Draw energy band diagram of n-type and p-type semiconductors at temperature T > 0K. Mark the

iv D
donor and acceptor energy levels with their energies.
Q.24. Name the three elements required to specify the earth’s magnetic field at a given place. Draw a

Sh
labelled diagram to define these elements. Explain briefly how these elements are determining to
find out the magnetic field at a given place on the surface of the earth.
Or
The horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field at a place equals to its vertical component.
Find the value of the angle of dip at that place. What is the ratio of the horizontal component to
the total magnetic field of the earth at that place?
Q.25. A converging lens of refractive index 1.5 kept in a liquid medium having the same refractive
index. What would be the focal length of the lens in this medium?
SECTION – D
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone.
Q.26. A conducting rod PQ, of length l, connected to a resistor R, is moved
at a uniform speed v, normal to a uniform magnetic field B, as shown
in the figure.
(i) Deduce the expression for the emf induced in the conductor.
(ii) Find the force required to move the rod in the magnetic field.
(iii) Mark the direction of induced current in the conductor.
Q.27. A battery of emf 10 V and internal resistance 3Ω is connected to a
resistor. If the current in the circuit is 0.5 A, find
(i) the resistance of the resistor;
(ii) the terminal voltage of the battery.
Or
A battery of emf E and internal resistance r when connected across an external resistance of

12 ohm, produces a current of 0.5 A. When connected across a resistance of 25 ohm, it produces a
current of 0.25 A. Determine (i) the emf and (ii) the internal resistance of the cell.
Q.28. (i) Monochromatic light of frequency 6.0 × 1014 Hz is produced by a laser. The power emitted is
2.0 × 10–3 W. Estimate the number of photons emitted per second on an average by the source.
(ii) Draw a plot showing the variation of photoelectric current versus the intensity of incident
radiation on a given photosensitive surface.
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 Or
Figure shows variation of stopping potential (V0) with the frequency (v) V0
for two photosensitive materials M1 and M2. M1 M2
(a) Why is the slope same for both lines?
(b) For which material will the emitted electrons have greater kinetic
energy for the incident radiation of the same frequency? Justify your
answer. v

Q.29. How is the size of a nucleus experimentally determined? Write the relation between the radius
and mass number of the nucleus. Show that the density of nucleus is independent of its mass
number.
Q.30. Find the ratio of energies of photons produced due to transition of an electron of hydrogen atom
from its
(a) Second permitted energy level to the first permitted level and
(b) the highest permitted energy level to the first permitted level.

SECTION – E
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone.
Q.31. (a) A thin conducting spherical shell of radius R has charge Q spread uniformly over its surface.
Using Gauss’s law, derive an expression for an electric field at a point outside the shell.
(b) Draw a graph of electric field E(r) with distance r from the centre of the shell for 0 ≤ r ≤ ∞.
Or
(i) Derive the expression for electric field at a point on the equatorial line of an electric dipole.

a s
(ii) Depict the orientation of the dipole in (a) stable, (b) unstable equilibrium in a uniform electric

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field.

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Q.32. (a) Explain briefly, with the help of a labelled diagram, the basic principle of the working of an a.c.
generator.
(b) In an A.C. generator, coil of N turns and area A is rotated at N revolutions per second in a
uniform magnetic field B. Write the expression for the emf produced.
Or
(a) Derive an expression for the impedance of a series LCR circuit connected to an A.C. supply of
variable frequency.
(b) Plot a graph showing variation of current with the frequency of the applied voltage.
(c) Explain briefly how the phenomenon of resonance in the circuit can be used in the tuning
mechanism of a radio or a TV set.
Q.33. (a) State Huygen’s principle. Using this principle explain how a diffraction pattern is obtained
on a screen due to a narrow slit on which a narrow beam coming from a monochromatic
source of light is incident normally.
(b) Show that the angular width of the first diffraction fringe is half of that of the central fringe.
(c) If a monochromatic source of light is replaced by white light, what change would you observe
in the diffraction pattern?
Or
(a) Draw the labelled ray diagram for the formation of image by a compound microscope.
(b) Derive the expression for the total magnification of a compound microscope.
(c) Explain why both the objective and the eyepiece of a compound microscope must have short
focal lengths.
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