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Cementing Additives

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Dubem King
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16 views19 pages

Cementing Additives

Uploaded by

Dubem King
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Drilling Operations

Cementing Additives
Well Conditions
Mud Removal
Friction Pressure
Mixability
Pumpability

Permeable Well Control


formations Over Pressure
Weak Formations
Gas control

Temperature Lost Circulation

Strength Retrogression Antifoam Foamers


(Foamed cement)
Directly change Slurry Properties
Accelerators and Retarders Dispersants
– Change thickening time – Improve mud removal
– Alter rate of compressive – Improve mixability
strength development – Reduced water slurries
Extenders – Reduce friction pressure
– Reduce slurry density (Low Ty and Pv)
– Increase slurry yield Fluid Loss Control
Weighting Agents Lost Circulation Material
– Increase slurry density (LCM)
Antifoam Agents
What cause foam?
– Properties of materials
– Poor wetting of solid particles
Why use antifoam agents?
– Prevent slurry gelation/ prevent poor hydration
– Prevent pump cavitation
– Allow true slurry density to be mixed and pumped
Properties of antifoam
– Insoluble in the foaming fluid
– Lower surface tension than the foaming system

Mechanism of action
– Spread on foam surface with lower surface tension
– Enter foam reducing film and causing rupture
Accelerators
Shorten hydration reaction stage I and II (setting time)
Accelerate stages III and IV (hardening process )
Change in C-S-H structure  more permeable
Offset retarding effects of other additives

Solid accelerator
S001 (CaCl2 solid) 1 - 4 % BWOC
D044 (NaCl) <10 % BWOW

Liquid accelerator
D077 (CaCl2 liquid) 0.2 - 0.4 gal/sk
Sea Water
– Check consistency near river mouths
D044 Sodium Chloride
Not very efficient as accelerator
Act as accelerator <10% BWOW
Preferred range 3-5% BWOW
Retarders
Possible negative effects of conventional retarders :
– Gelation
– Dispersion
– Increased fluid loss
– Incompatibility
– Slow the development of compressive strength
8

Pumping Time – Thickening Time Tests


9

Thickening Time Tests

 Defines “Pumpability Time


 Thickening time tests show slurry
consistency under the
downhole temperature and pressure.
 Cement thickening (consistency increase)
may be due to:
– cement setting (retarder concentration)
– gelation (anti-gelling, dispersant, change
additives, etc.)
Fluid Loss in Cement Slurries
Definition
– Filtrate (aqueous solution) lost to the formation
– Filter cake deposited at formation face
– Cement particles left in annulus
Why cement slurry loses water
– Differential pressure
– Permeable medium (formation)
– Water/cement ratio - Hydration needs
Fluid Loss in Cement Slurries
Fluid loss stages
– Dynamic fluid loss
– Static fluid loss
Effect of Fluid loss on slurry properties
– Thickening time and yield point versus water concentration
– Damage to some formations by filtrate
– Gas migration through thick filter cake and through poor quality cement
Mechanisms of Fluid Loss Control
Reduce cement filter cake permeability
– Particulate materials to fill voids
– Polymer particles to plug pores
– Polymer film over cement particles/ pores
– Change cement particle distribution with dispersants
Increase viscosity of aqueous phase
– Addition of water soluble polymers
– Also reduce filter cake permeability
– Effect small compared to permeability reduction
Mechanisms

Particle Plugging Polymer Plugging


Additives for Fluid Loss Control

Particulates
 D500
 D600G

Water Soluble Polymers


 D112
 D193
 D167, D168
Dispersants with FLACs
Mechanism of action
 Disperse cement grains and improve packing reduce
permeability
 Flocculate with salt plugging action
WITHOUT DISPERSANT WITH DISPERSANT
FILTER CAKE

RANDOM PACKING ORDERED PACKING

HIGH PERMEABILITY LOW PERMEABILITY


Dispersants
Cement slurry rheology
– Volume of particles/ total volume
– Inter-particle interactions
– Aqueous phase rheology

Change with dispersants


Why dispersants?
– Reduce viscosity and yield point
– Turbulent flow easier to achieve (Clients like slurry in turbulent for
liner)
– Reduce friction pressures
– Improve cement slurry mixability (lower Ty)
– Reduced water slurries (density up to 18 lb/gal)
– Improve efficiency of fluid loss control additives
Weighting Agents
Requirements
– High Specific gravity
– Compatible particle size and distribution (settling)
– Low water adsorption (efficiency)
– Availability and acceptable cost
– Purity and consistency of product
– Inert
Anti Settling Additives
Anti Settling Additives reduce
– Free water
– Sedimentation
– Slurry instability
Compatible with all Cementing products and cement
No significant effects on slurry properties, except rheology
Temperature range: up to 300 deg F
Antisettling Agent D153: 0.1 - 1.5 % BWOC

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