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Enthalpy Changes

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Finnia Li
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31 views

Enthalpy Changes

Uploaded by

Finnia Li
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Date:

Class:

Energy Changes

A. Choose the correct answer.

1. Hydrogen and the isotope uranium-235 are both used to generate electricity. Which
term describes the change that occurs for both substances in this context?
a. Combustion c. Exothermic
b. Endothermic d. Decomposition

2. A diagram for the energy change during an


exothermic reaction is shown. For which
reactions would this be an appropriate
diagram?

1. CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O


2. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
3. C + O2 → CO2

a. None of them c. 2 and 3 only


b. 1 and 2 only d. all of them

3. Ethanol is used as a fuel.

ethanol + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water

Which statements are correct?

1. The reaction is endothermic.


2. The products have more energy than the reactants.
3. The oxygen for this reaction comes from the air.
4. The temperature of the reaction mixture rises during this reaction.

a. 1 and 2 c. 2 and 4
b. 1 and 3 d. 3 and 4
4. Which diagram is a correctly labelled energy level diagram for an endothermic
reaction?

a. A c. C
b. B d. D

5. Which diagrams show a process in which an endothermic change is taking place?

a. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only


b. 1 and 3 only d. 1 only
6. The combustion of methane is exothermic.

CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O

Which statement about this reaction is correct?


a. The energy needed to break the bonds in methane and oxygen is greater than the
energy released in making new bonds in carbon dioxide and water.
b. The energy needed to break the bonds in methane and oxygen is less than the energy
released in making new bonds in carbon dioxide and water.
c. The energy released in breaking bonds in methane and oxygen is greater than the
energy needed to make new bonds in carbon dioxide and water.
d. The energy released in breaking bonds in methane and oxygen is less than the
energy needed to make new bonds in carbon dioxide and water.

7. Hydrogen and chlorine react to form hydrogen chloride. The reaction is exothermic.

H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) → 2HCl (g)

The overall energy change for this reaction is –184 kJ/mol. The table gives some of the
bond energies involved.

Bond Bond energy in kJ/mol


H–Cl +430
H–H +436

What is the energy of the Cl–Cl bond?


a. +120 kJ/mol c. +360 kJ/mol
b. +240 kJ/mol d. +480 kJ/mol

8. Consider the following thermochemical equation:

CH4 (g) + I2 (g) → CH3I (g) + HI (g) ΔH° = +23 kJ

What energy change occurs when 2.4 mol of CH4 reacts?


a. 23.6 kJ is absorbed c. 23.6 kJ is released
b. 55.2 kJ is released d. 55.2 kJ is absorbed
9. Which statements about hydrogen fuel cells are correct?

1. Water is formed as the only waste product.


2. Both water and carbon dioxide are formed as waste products.
3. The overall reaction is 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O.
4. The overall reaction is endothermic.

a. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3
b. 1 and 4 d. 2 and 4

10. The value of ΔH° for the following reaction is –6535 kJ. How many kJ of heat will be
evolved during the combustion of 16.0 g of C6H6 (l)?

2C6H6 (l) + 15O2 (g) → 12CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l) ΔH° = –6535 kJ

a. 268 kJ c. 670 kJ
b. 523 kJ d. 134 kJ

11. Which statements about exothermic and endothermic reactions are correct?

1. During an exothermic reaction, heat is given out.


2. The temperature of an endothermic reaction goes up because heat is taken in.
3. Burning methane in the air is an exothermic reaction.

a. 1, 2 and 3 c. 1 and 3 only


b. 1 and 2 only d. 2 and 3 only

12. Sodium nitrate is added to water in a beaker and stirred until it dissolves. At the end of
the experiment, the beaker feels cold. Which row describes the reaction?

Temperature of solution Type of reaction


a. Decreases Endothermic
b. Decreases Exothermic
c. Increases Endothermic
d. Increases Exothermic
13. Which of the following statements is true?
a. In an endothermic process heat is transferred from the surroundings to the system.
b. In an exothermic process heat is transferred from the surroundings to the system.
c. The surroundings will feel cooler in an exothermic process.
d. The surroundings will feel warmer in an endothermic process.

14. The equation for the formation of ammonia is shown.

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

The energy level diagram for the reaction is shown.

What is the energy change for the reaction?


a. –592 kJ/mol c. +92 kJ/mol
b. –92 kJ/mol d. +592 kJ/mol

15. Which one of the following statements best describes the enthalpy change of a reaction?
a. The energy released when chemical bonds are formed during a chemical reaction.
b. The energy consumed when chemical bonds are broken during a chemical reaction.
c. The difference between the energy released by bond formation and the energy
consumed by bond cleavage during a chemical reaction.
d. The increase in disorder of the system as a reaction proceeds.
B. Answer the following questions.

16. A student measures the maximum temperature


changes when five different solids, P, Q, R, S
and T, are dissolved separately in water. She
uses the apparatus shown on the right.
The table of results is shown below.

Solid Initial temperature Highest temperature


added of the water (°C) of the solution (°C)
P 20 24
Q 18 23
R 19 16
S 22 23
T 20 18

Which solids gave an endothermic energy change when dissolved in water?

17. Given the following equation:

3
2Al (s)  O 2 (g )  Al 2 O 3 (s) ΔH° = –1670 kJ
2

What is the ΔH° for the following reaction?

2Al2O3 (s) → 4Al (s) + 3O2 (g)


18. The equation for the complete combustion of methane gas is shown.

CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g)

Bond energies are shown.

Bond Bond energy in kJ/mol


C–H 412
H–O 463
C=O 743
O=O 498

What is the overall energy change, in kJ/mol, for the above reaction?

19. The combustion of butane produces heat according to the equation

2C4H10 (g) + 13O2 (g) → 8CO2 (g) + 10H2O (l) ΔH = −5314 kJ

How many grams of butane must be burned to release 6375 kJ of heat?


20. The energy level diagram shows the energy profile for the reaction between zinc and
dilute sulfuric acid.

(a) Complete the diagram by adding the formulae of the products. Include state
symbols.

(b) Draw an arrow on the diagram to represent the activation energy.

(c) Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? Explain your answer.

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