Lakshmi Narain College of Technology Excellence, Bhopal (M.P.

) Department of
Electronics & Communication Engineering

VISION OF THE INSTITUTE

To become a pioneer institute in technical education and innovations to build

competent technocrats and leaders for the nation.

MISSION OF THE INSTITUTE

1. To enhance the academic environment with innovative teaching learning

processes and modern tools.

2. To Practice and nurture high standards of human values, transparency and

accountability.

3. To Collaborate with other academic and research institutes as well as industries in

order to strengthen education and research.

4. To uphold skill development for employability and entrepreneurship for inter

disciplinary research and innovations.

VISION OF THE DEPARTMENT

To become reputed in providing technical education in the field of electronics and
communication engineering and produce technocrats working as leaders.

MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT

 To provide congenial academic environment and adopting innovative learning
process.
 To keep valuing human values and transparency while nurturing the young
engineers.
 To strengthen the department by collaborating with industry and research
organization of repute.
 To facilitate the students to work in interdisciplinary environment and enhance
their skills for employability and entrepreneurship.

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 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology Excellence, Bhopal (M.P.)
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME (PEO)

PEO1: Recognize and apply appropriate experimental and scientific skills to solve
real world problems to create innovative products and systems in the field of
electronics and communication engineering.

PEO2: To evolve graduates with ability to apply, analyze, design in Electronics &
Communication Systems.

PEO3: Motivate graduates to become responsible citizens with moral & ethical values
for the welfare of Society.

PEO4: Inculcate the habit of team work with professional quality of leadership to
become successful contributors in industry and/ or entrepreneurship in view of Global
& National status of technology.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOME (PSO)

PSO1: Analyze specific engineering problems relevant to Electronics &

Communication Engineering by applying the knowledge of basic sciences,
engineering mathematics and engineering fundamentals.

PSO2: Apply and transfer interdisciplinary systems and engineering approaches to the
various areas, like Communications, Signal processing, VLSI and Embedded system,
PCB Designing.

PSO3: Inculcate the knowledge of Engineering and Management principles to meet

demands of industry and provide solutions to the current real time problems.

PSO4: Demonstrate the leadership qualities and strive for the betterment of
organization, environment and society.

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 ABSTRACT

In today’s world computers play an important role in our society? Computers give us information;
they entertain us and help us in lots of manners. A chatbot is a program designed to counterfeit a
smart communication on a text or spoken ground. But this paper is based on the text only chatbot.
Chatbot recognize the user input as well as by using pattern matching, access information to
provide a predefined acknowledgment. For example, if the user is providing the bot a sentence like
“What is your name?” The chatbot is most likely to reply something like “My name is Chatbot.” or
the chatbot replies as “You can call me Chatbot.” based on the sentence given by the user. When
the input is bringing into being in the database, a response from a predefined pattern is given to the
user. A Chatbot is implemented using pattern comparing, in which the order of the sentence is
recognized and a saved response pattern is acclimatize to the exclusive variables of the sentence.
They cannot register and respond to complex questions. Chatbots are designed to replace human
assistants for certain customer interactions. They use natural language understanding to analyze
customer data and respond accordingly. Chatbots that use AI and machine learning have an
artificial neural network based on the human brain's neural nodes.

A chatbot enables a user to simply ask questions in the same manner that they would
respond to humans. The most well-known chatbots currently are voices chatbots: SIRI and Alexa.
However, chatbots have been adopted and brought into the daily application at a high rate on the
computer chat platform. NLP also allows computers and algorithms to understand human
interactions through various languages. Recent advances in machine learning have greatly
improved the accurate and effective of natural language processing, making chatbots a viable
option for many organizations. This improvement in NLP is firing a great deal of additional
research which should lead to continued improvement in the effective of chatbots in the years to
come. A bot is trained on and according to the training, based on some rules on which it is trained,
it answers questions. It is called ruled based approach. The language by which these bots can be
created is Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML). It is a language based on XML which
allows the developer to write the rules which the bot will follow. In this research paper, We are
trying to understand these chatbots and understanding their shortcomings. question or statement
submitted by a user and allow the user to control over the content to be displayed

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 CHAPTER-1
Introduction

In today’s world computers play an important role in our society? Computers give us
information; they entertain us and help us in lots of manners. A chatbot is a program
designed to counterfeit a smart communication on a text or spoken ground. But this
paper is based on the text only chatbot. Chatbot recognize the user input as well as by
using pattern matching, access information to provide a predefined acknowledgment.
For example, if the user is providing the bot a sentence like “What is your name?” The
chatbot is most likely to reply something like “My name is Chatbot.” or the chatbot
replies as “You can call me Chatbot.” based on the sentence given by the user. When the
input is bringing into being in the database, a response from a predefined pattern is given
to the user. A Chatbot is implemented using pattern comparing, in which the order of the
sentence is recognized and a saved response pattern is acclimatize to the exclusive
variables of the sentence. They cannot register and respond to complex questions, and
are unable to perform compound activities [1]. Chatbot is relatively a new technology.
The application of a Chatbot can be seen in various fields in the future. This paper
covers the techniques used to design and implement a Chatbot. Comparisons are made,
findings are discussed and conclusion is drawn at the end. A chatbot (conversational
interface, AI agent) is a computer program that can understand human language and
converse with a user via a website or a messaging app. Chatbots can handle various
tasks online — from answering simple questions and scheduling calls to gathering
customer feedback. At the most basic level, a chatbot is a computer program that
simulates and processes human conversation (either written or spoken), allowing
humans to interact with digital devices as if they were communicating with a real person
a single-line response, or as sophisticated as digital assistants that learn and evolve to
deliver increasing levels of personalization as they gather and process information.

Chat bots are increasingly using techniques like natural language processing (NLP) to
understand the user’s questions and automate responses to them. Chatbots can make it
easy for users to find information by instantaneously responding to questions and
requests— through text input, audio input, or both—without the need for human
intervention or manual research. Chatbot technology is now commonplace, found

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everywhere from smart speakers at home to consumer-facing instances of SMS,
WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger to workplace messaging applications like Slack. The
latest evolution of AI chatbots, often referred to as “intelligent virtual assistants” or
“virtual agents,” can not only understand free- flowing conversation through use of
sophisticated language models, but even automate relevant tasks. Alongside well-known
consumer-facing intelligent virtual assistants like Apple's Siri and Amazon Alexa, virtual
agents are also increasingly used to in an enterprise context to assist customers and
employees. Chatbots can mimic human conversation and entertain users but they are not
built only for this. They are useful in applications such as education, information
retrieval, business, and e-commerce . They became so popular because there are many
advantages of chatbots for users and developers too. Most implementations are platform-
independent and instantly available to users without needed installations. Contact to the
chatbot is spread through a user’s social graph without leaving the messaging app the
chatbot lives in, which provides and guarantees the user’s identity. Moreover, payment
services are integrated into the messaging system and can be used safely and reliably and
a notification system re-engages inactive users. Chatbots are integrated with group
conversations or shared just like any other contact, while multiple conversations can be
carried forward in parallel. Knowledge in the use of one chatbot is easily transferred to
the usage of other chatbots, and there are limited data requirements. Communication
reliability, fast and uncomplicated development iterations, lack of version fragmentation,
and limited design efforts for the interface are some of the advantages for developers
too. Virtual agents are a further evolution of AI chatbot software that not only use
conversational AI to conduct dialogue and deep learning to self-improve over time, but
often pair those AI technologies with robotic process automation (RPA) in one interface
to act directly upon the user’s intent without further human intervention.
To help illustrate the distinctions, imagine that a user is curious about tomorrow's weather.
With a traditional chatbot, the user can use the specific phrase “tell me the weather
forecast.” The chatbot says it will rain. With an AI chatbot the user can ask, “what’s
tomorrow’s weather look in’ like?”—the chatbot, correctly interpreting the question, says
it will rain. With a virtual agent, the user can ask, “what’s tomorrow’s weather look in’
like?”—the virtual agent can not only predict tomorrow’s rain, but also offer to set an
earlier alarm to account for rain delays in the morning commute.

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 Chapter 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

“Chatbot for college management system using A.I”. A chatbot aims to make
conversation between both human and machine. The machine has been embedded
knowledge to identify the sentences and making a decision itself as a response to
answer a question. Chatbot will be completely based on a text based user
interface, allowing the user to type commands and receive text as well as text to
speech response. Chatbots are usually statefull services, remembering previous
commands in order to provide functionality. It can be utilized securely by an even
larger audience when chatbots technology is integrated with popular web
services. The college enquiry chatbots will be built using artificial algorithms that
analyze users queries and understand the users message. The response principle is
matching the input sentence from a user. The user can ask the question any
college related activities through the chatbot without physically available to the
college for enquiry. The system analyses the question and then answers to the
user. With the help of artificial intelligence, the system answers the query asked
by the user. The system replies using an effective graphical user interface as if a
real person is talking to the user. The user just has to register himself to the
system and has to login to the system. The chatbots consists of core and interface
that is accessing the core in (my SQL). Natural language processing technologies
are used for parsing, tokenizing, stemming, and filtering the content of the
complaint [1].

“College Information Chat Bot System”. User interfaces for software

applications can come in a variety of formats, ranging from command line,
graphical, web application, and even voice. While the most popular user
interfaces include graphical and Web based applications, occasionally the need
arises for an alternative interface. Whether due to Multithreaded complexity,
concurrent connectivity, or details surrounding execution of the service, a chatbot
based interface may suit the need. Chatbot typically operates a Text based user
interface, allowing the user to type commands and receive text as well as text to

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speech response. A chatbot is an artificial person, which holds conversation with
humans. This could be a Text based conversation, a spoken conversation or even
a Non verbal conversation. Chat bot can run on local computers and phones,
through most of the time it is accessed through the internet. Chatbot is typically
perceived as engaging software entity which humans can talk to. It can be
interesting, inspiring and intriguing. It appears everywhere, from old ancient
HTML pages, to modern advanced social networking websites, and from standard
computers to fashionable smart mobile devices. Chatbot talk in almost every
major language. Their language skills vary from extremely poor to very clever
intelligent, helpful, and funny. The same counts for their graphic design,
sometimes it feels like a cartoonish character drawn by a child, and on the other
hand there are photo realistic 3D, animated characters available, which are hard
to distinguish from humans.

“Designing a chatbot that simulates an Historical Figure”. There are

many publications that are incorporating human appearance and intending to
simulate human dialogue, but in most of the cases the knowledge of the
conversational bot is stored in a database created by a human experts. However,
very few researches have investigated the idea of creating a chatbot with an
artificial character and personality starting from wed pages or plain text about a
certain person. This paper describes an approach to the idea of identifying the
most important facts in texts describing the life of an historical figure for building
a conversational agent that could be used in middle school CSCL Scenarios. “
Teaching Introductory Artificial Intelligence Using A Simple Agent Framework”.
This paper describes a flexible method of teaching introductory artificial
intelligence using a novel, Java implemented simple agent framework developed
specifically for the purpose of this course. Although numerous agent frameworks
have been proposed in the vast body of literature, none of these available
frameworks proved to be simple enough to be used by first year students. Hence,
the authors set out to create a novel framework that would be suitable for the
aims of the course, for the level of computing skills of the intended group of
students and for the size of this group of students. The content of the introductory
AI course in question is a set of assignments that requires the students to use

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intelligent agents and other AI techniques to monitor, filter, and receive relevant
information from the World Wide Web. It represents, therefore, a synthesis of the
traditional objectivist approach and a real world oriented, constructivist approach
to teaching programming to novices. The main aim of implementing such a
pedagogy was to engage the students in learning to which they personally relate
while attaining intellectual rigor.

“Chatbot for college management system using A.I”. A chatbot aims to make a
conversation between both human and machine. The machine has been embedded
knowledge to identify the sentences and making a decision itself as a response to
answer a question. Chatbot will be completely based on a text based user
interface, allowing the user to type commands and receive text as well as text to
speech response. Chatbots are usually stateful services, remembering previous
commands in order to provide functionality. It can be utilized securely by an even
larger audience when chatbots technology is integrated with popular web
services. The college enquiry chatbots will be built using artificial algorithms that
analyze users queries and understand the user message. The response principle is
matching the input sentence from a user. The user can ask the question any
college related activities through the chatbot without physically available to the
college for enquiry. The system analyses the question and then answers to the
user. With the help of artificial intelligence, the system answers the query asked
by the user. The system replies using an effective graphical user interface as if a
real person is talking to the user. The user can ask any question related to EC
department. It responds to all types of queries and gives the necessary answer for
it. It is very much useful to the student to know clearly about a particular college.

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 Chapter 3

PROBLEM STATEMENT

To design and develop College Enquiry Chatbot using knowledgeable dataset and
interpreter which will be employed as a function to answer the queries of an user.

A. Objective
The main objective of "College Enquiry Chatbot" is to minimize the time required to solve
the queries of an user, reduce the work load on the college’s office staff , save the time and
strengh of an user of visiting and contacting the administration office often, keep the user
fully updated about the ongoing and upcoming events of college , etc.

B. Scope

In education system work is very lengthy and time consuming and also required extra
manpower. For reducing manpower and avoid such difficulties, “College Enquiry
Chatbot” is designed. Its intended user is college students. This system will enable students
to resolve their queries without physically visiting the campus .

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 Chapter 4

METHODOLOGY USED

4.1 Artificial Intelligence -

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a computer program or a machine to think

and learn. It is also a field of study which tries to make computers "smart". Businesses are
becoming smarter with time. Every business expects intelligence in the system.
Businesses are looking for a system on which they can trust, they can depend on them for
customer support, the system which can make important decisions or perform vital
actions on behalf of humans with an engaging experience. This can be possible with the
AI Chatbots. Artificial Intelligence gives a human touch to every conversation. The bot
understands the user’s query and triggers an accurate response. Taking the bionic
approach as a basis, the article discusses the main concepts of the theory of artificial
intelligence as a field of knowledge, which studies the principles of creation and
functioning of intelligent systems based on multidimensional neural-like growing
networks. The general theory of artificial intelligence includes the study of neural-like
elements and multidimensional neural-like growing networks, temporary and long term
memory, study of the functional organization of the “brain” of the artificial intelligent
systems, of the sensor system, modulating system, motor system, conditioned and
unconditioned reflexes, reflexes arc (ring), motivation, purposeful behaviour, of
“thinking”, “consciousness”, “subconscious and artificial personality developed as a
result of training and education”.

4.2 Elements of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence uses two important elements that help the chatbot to find a perfect
response.

4.2.1 Machine Learning

Machine learning is an algorithm that helps the chatbot to learn from queries and the
data provided by you during bot training. Artificial intelligence requires to interact with

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the machine in a natural language that could be easily understood by the system. Here
machine learning comes in a role. The main aim of machine learning is to provide a
brief answer to the user’s question.

The area of Machine Learning deals with the design of programs that can learn
rules from data, adapt to changes, and improve performance with experience. In addition
to being one of the initial dreams of Computer Science, Machine Learning has
become crucial as

computers are expected to solve increasingly complex problems and become more
integrated into our daily lives. Writing a computer program is a bit like writing down
instructions for an extremely literal child who just happens to be millions of times faster
than you. Yet many of the problems we now want computers to solve are no longer tasks
we know how to explicitly tell a computer how to do. These include identifying faces in
images, autonomous driving in the desert, finding relevant documents in a database (or
throwing out irrelevant ones, such as spam email), finding patterns in large volumes of
scientific data, and adjusting internal parameters of systems to optimize performance.
That is, we may ourselves be good at identifying people in photographs, but we do not
know how to directly tell a computer how to do it. Instead, methods that take labeled
training data (images labeled by who is in them, or email messages labeled by whether
or not they are spam) and then learn appropriate rules from the data, seem to be the best
approaches to solving these problems. Furthermore, we need systems that can adapt to
changing conditions, that can be user-friendly by adapting to needs of their individual
users, and that can improve performance over time.

4.2.2 Natural Language Processing

Natural Language Processing is known as NLP, which provides assistance to the bot to
understand and interpret the information. The main goal of NLP is to interpret,
recognize, and understand user requests. When you send “Hello” to the chatbot, it is the
NLP that lets the chatbot know that you are sending greetings, It allows the bot to
leverage its AI capabilities to come up with a proper response. NLP enables computers
to understand natural language as humans do. Whether the language is spoken or
written, natural language processing uses artificial intelligence to take real-world input,
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 process it, and make sense of it in a way a computer can understand. Just as humans
have different sensors -- such as ears to hear and eyes to see -- computers have programs
to read and microphones to collect audio. And just as humans have a brain to process
that input, computers have a program to process their respective inputs. At some point in
processing, the input is converted to code that the computer can understand. The
advantage of natural language processing can be seen when considering the following
two statements: "Cloud computing insurance should be part of every service-level
agreement," and, "A good SLA ensures an easier night's sleep -- even in the cloud." If a
user relies on natural language processing for search, the program will recognize
that cloud computing is an entity, that cloud is an abbreviated form of cloud computing
and that SLA is an industry acronym for service-level agreement.

4.3 Standard Libraries of Python

The Python Standard Library contains all of Python's syntax, semantics, and tokens. It has
built-in modules that allow the user to access I/O and a few other essential modules as well
as fundamental functions. The Python libraries have been written in the C language
generally. The Python standard library has more than 200 core modules. Because of all of
these factors, Python is a powerful programming language. The Python Standard Library
plays a crucial role. Python's features can only be used by programmers who have it. In
addition, Python has a number of libraries that make

4.3.1 Matplotlib

This library is responsible for the plotting of numerical data. It is utilized in data analysis
for this reason. An open-source library plots superior quality figures, for example, pie
outlines, scatterplots, boxplots, and diagrams, in addition to other things.

4.3.2 NumPy

One of the most popular open-source Python packages, NumPy focuses on scientific and
mathematical computation. It makes it easy to work with large matrices and
multidimensional data thanks to built-in mathematical functions that make it easy to
compute. It can be used as an N-dimensional container for all kinds of data, including

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linear algebra. An N-dimensional array with rows and columns is defined by the NumPy
Array Python object. It can also be used as a random number generator because of
this.NumPy is preferred over lists in Python because it uses less memory, is faster, and is
easier to use.

Pictures, sound waves, and other parallel crude streams can be addressed as a multi-faceted
exhibit of genuine qualities involving the NumPy interface for perception. NumPy is
required for full-stack developers to use this machine learning library.

4.3.3 Pandas

Pandas is an open-source library authorized under the Berkeley Programming Conveyance

(BSD). This well-known library is frequently utilized in the field of data science. They're
generally utilized for examination, control, and cleaning of information, in addition to
other things. Without having to switch to another programming language like R, Pandas
enables us to carry out straightforward data modelling and analysis.

4.3.4 SciPy

Scipy is a Python library. Scientific computing, information processing, and high-level

computing are the primary uses for this open-source library. The library contains a large
number of easy-to-use methods and functions for quick and easy computation. Scipy can
be utilized for numerical calculations close by NumPy. Some of SciPy's subpackages
include cluster, fftpack, constants, integrate, io, linalg, interpolate, ndimage, odr, optimize,
signal, spatial, special, sparse, and stats.

4.3.5 Scikit- learn

Additionally, Scikit-learn is a Python-based open-source machine learning library. This

library supports both supervised and unsupervised learning methods. This library already
comes pre-installed with a number of well-known algorithms as well as the SciPy, NumPy,
and Matplotlib packages. Spotify music recommendations are the Scikit-most-learn
application that is most widely used.

4.3.6 Seaborn

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This package makes statistical model visualization possible. The library, which is largely
based on Matplotlib, makes statistical graphics possible by:

1. Variable examination by means of a Programming interface in view of datasets.

2. Make complex representations effortlessly, including multi-plot frameworks.
3. To compare data subsets, univariate and bivariate visualizations are utilized.
4. A wide range of color schemes are available for pattern displays.
5. Direct relapse assessment and plotting are done consequently.

4.3.7 TensorFlow

TensorFlow is a fast, open-source library for numerical calculations. It is utilized by ML

and deep learning algorithms as well. It was developed by researchers in the Google Brain
group of the Google AI organization and is now widely used by researchers in physics,
mathematics, and machine learning for complex mathematical computations.

4.3.8 Keras

Keras is a Python-based open-source neural network library that enables in-depth research
into deep neural networks. Keras emerges as a viable option as deep learning becomes
more common because, according to its developers, it is an API (Application
Programming Interface) designed for humans rather than machines. Keras has a higher rate
of adoption in the research community and industry than TensorFlow or Theano. The
TensorFlow backend engine should be downloaded first before Keras can be installed.

4.3.9 Scrapy

Scrapy is a web scratching device that scratches numerous pages in less than a
moment. Scrapy is additionally an open-source Python library structure for extricating
information from sites. It is a high-speed, high-level scraping and crawling web library
that goes by the name "Scraping hub ltd."

4.4 Natural Language Processing With Python's NLTK Package

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Natural language processing (NLP) is a field that focuses on making natural human
language usable by computer programs. NLTK, or Natural Language Toolkit, is a Python
package that you can use for NLP.

A lot of the data that you could be analyzing is unstructured data and contains human-
readable text. Before you can analyze that data programmatically, you first need to
preprocess it. In this tutorial, you’ll take your first look at the kinds of text
preprocessing tasks you can do with NLTK so that you’ll be ready to apply them in future
projects. You’ll also see how to do some basic text analysis and create visualizations.

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 Chapter 5

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

5.1 Advantages

 Provide fast, 24/7 customer service.

 Offer more personalized experiences.
 Deliver multilingual support.
 Ensure more consistent support.
 Offer convenient self-service options.
 Provide proactive customer service.
 Deliver omnichannel support.
 Improve service with every interaction.
 Collect customer feedback.
 Reduce customer request.
 Detect customer intent for added context.
 Boost Customer engagement.
 Streamline service with routing and triage.
 Boost sales.
 Increase lead generation.
 Enhance conversational commerce and marketing

5.2 Disadvantages

 Extent of Resolving Queries.

 Cannot Handle Angry Customers Subtly.
 Higher Complexity Results in Higher Costs.
 Not Suitable for All Businesses and Applications.
 Do not Provide Accurate Solutions Always.

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