© AUG 2019 | IRE Journals | Volume 3 Issue 2 | ISSN: 2456-8880

Design and Performance Analysis of Potato Slicing

Machine (Shaft Design and Rectangular Cutting Blade)
DR. HTAY HTAY WIN1, DR. MYINT THEIN2, MG CHAN MYAE AUNG3
1, 2, 3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mandalay Technological University

Abstract- This research presents the design and whole machine. In this research, the design calculation
performance analysis of potato slicing machine (shaft of shaft is mainly included and static strength of this
design and rectangular cutting blade). The main shaft is analyzed for safety. Various types of cutting
purposes of this research are to construct the potato blades can be used in one automatic potato slicing
slicing machine and does performance test. And then, machine and in this research, rectangular cutting blade is
the static structural analysis of the shaft is done by designed and with this blade, and the performance of the
using ANSYS 14.5 software. Then, the theoretical and potato slicing machine is also tested. And then, the static
analytical results of von-Mises stresses and effective structural analysis of shaft is calculated theoretically and
strain are compared. In this research, shaft diameter is also numerically by using ANSYS 14.5 software.
calculated by using ASME code equation. Mild steel
shaft is selected for design to obtain high strength. The There are mainly two types of potato slicing machines.
length of shaft is 600mm and the calculated diameter They are manual potato slicing machine and automatic
of rotating shaft is 20mm. Single-row deep groove ball potato slicing machine.
bearings 6804 and 6904 are selected. The stress
analysis for shaft is conducted using ANSYS14.5 by
numerical approach and also the von-Mises stresses
and effective strain are calculated theoretically. From
the comparison, theoretical and numerical equivalent
von-Mises stresses and effective strains are nearly the
same. By observing the analysis results, the stress
values obtained are less than the yield strength
247MPa of mild steel. So, the design is safe under
working condition. The performance of the machine is
tested and the efficiency of the machine is 85% with
capacity 3.8 kg/min.

Indexed Terms -- Design, Performance, Shaft, Figure 1. Manual and Automatic potato slicing machines
Rectangular Cutting Blade, Slicing Machine
Automatic potato slicing machine usually has the
following components. The components of automatic
I. INTRODUCTION potato slicing machine are as follows: (i)Slicing wheel
(ii) V-belt mechanism (iii) Motor (iv) Frame (v) Inlet
Slicing equipment consists of rotating or reciprocating hopper (vi) outlet hopper There are various types of
blades which cut the food material as it passes beneath. cutting discs. They are circular disc, dice-shape disc and
The food is held against the blades by centrifugal force rectangular discs. Figure 2 shows circular and
while for slicing meat, the food is held on a carriage as it rectangular discs.
travels across the blade.

The automated potato slicing machine is a fast method

commonly used in medium scale industries. The use of
motorized slicer will facilitate mass production of the
chips. The potato is pressed and moved across the sharp
blades of the machine. Potato slicing machine is used for
slicing potatoes that are fed across the inlet hopper and
sliced chips are guides through the outlet hopper. The
machine is a single pulley driven shape of slices with
different shapes. It requires low maintenance and easy Figure 2 Circular and Rectangular Discs
handling. Rotary cutting knives are usually employed to
cut the potato being presented on them, often on a
vibrating belt in to parallel sliced of the thickness.

The shaft is vital part of automatic potato slicing

machine and the shaft design is very important for the

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II. DESIGN CONSIDERATION AND STRESS fluctuating stresses due to bending and torsion are given
ANALYSIS OF SHAFT by

A. Pulley Diameter of Input Shaft Bending stress

It is important to know the diameter of pulley fitted on 32 M
input shaft. A shaft that rotates gives torque or moment b  (6)
 D3
to cutting disc and cutting disc slices the potatoes into
chips. The diameter of pulley on input shaft is obtained Centrifugal stress
from the equation of velocity ratio between the driver
 3 v  2 2
pulley and driven pulleys and, the diameters and rotating  y  c     r (7)
speeds of motor pulley are known The velocity ratio is  8 
as follow.
Shear stress
N1  D 2 (1) 16 M t
N 2 D1  xy  (8)
 D3
B. Diameter of the Shaft
Design of shafts of ductile material based on strength is
Principal stresses
controlled by maximum shear theory. Shafting is usually
1
 1
    y   4 xy2
2
subjected to torsion, bending and axial loads. For a solid  1,2   x   y  x (9)
shaft having little or no axial loading, the ASME code 2 2
equation is given as:
16 Effective Stress
 Kb M b    Kt M t 
2 2
d3  (2) 1  2 12
 Ss   1   2    2   3    3   1  
2 2
(10)
2 
C. Bearing Selection
Many types of bearings with various shapes of rollers Principal strains 1  1  1   2   3   (11)
are available, such as ball, cylindrical roller, long E 
cylindrical roller, needle roller, tapered roller, convex 1
2   2   3   1   (12)
roller bearing. E
1
 3   3   1   2   (13)
E

Eff ective strain

12
2 
Figure 3. Deep Groove Ball and Tapper Roller Bearing
3

   12   22   32 

 (14)

III. DESIGN CALCULATION AND STRESS

ANALYSIS OF SHAFT

Figure 4. Thrust Ball Bearing Table 1describes known data for design calculation of
shaft such as speed of cutting disc, speed of motor
The equivalent bearing load pulley, diameter of motor pulley, power of motor,
P = X V Fr + Y F a (3) tensions at tight and slack side.

Nominal life in working hr Table 1. Specification Data

60nL h Parameter Symbol Value Unit
L= (4)
1000000 Capacity c 7 Kg/min
Speed of Cutting Disc N 467 Rev/min
Nominal life in million of revolution Speed of Motor N 1400 Rev/min
p Pulley
C  Diameter of Motor D 75 mm
L=  r  (5)
 P  Pulley
Motor Power Pm 1.1 kW
Tight side tension T1 271.9 N
D. Stresses in Shaft
Slack side tension T2 21.7 N
Axial loads are usually comparatively very small at
critical locations where bending and torsion dominate, Table 1 shows specification data for design calculation
so they will be left out of the following equations. The of shaft.

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The static structural shaft SolidWorks model was added

to the geometry in ANSYS Workbench. This geometry
model was meshed as shown in Figure 7. This meshed
model was imported to static structural for static
structural analysis of the shaft.

Figure 5 Free Body Diagram of Shaft

Table 2. Result data of shaft

Sr. Parameter Sym Value Unit
No bol
1 Standard shaft d 20 mm
diameter
2 Inner diameter of dA 20 mm
Figure 7. Meshing of Rotating Shaft
bearing at point A
3 Outer diameter of DA 32 mm Firstly, give the input conditions to the model, which
bearing at point A
applied the resultant force of 9800.3 N along the shaft or
4 Inner diameter of dC 20 mm Z-axis and torsional moment of 30.19 Nm is applied to
bearing at point C the shaft as shown in Figure 8. The engineering data for
5 Outer diameter of DC 37 mm type of material uses the mild steel for testing material.
bearing at point C
6 Bending Stress b 31.20 MPa
7 Centrifugal Stress C 775 MPa
8 Shear Stress xy 19.22 MPa
9 First Principal 1 40.35 MPa
Stress
10 Second Principal 2 9.16 MPa
Stress
11 Effective Stress  45.61 MPa
12 First Principal 1 2.093410-4 -
Strain
13 Second Principal 2 -4.58810-4 - Figure 8. Loading Condition of Rotating Shaft Using
Strain Mild Steel
14 Effective Strain  1.94410-4 -
After finishing set up the boundary conditions on
rotating shaft, run the solution and get equivalent(von-
IV. STATIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF
Mises) stress and equivalent elastic strain. According to
SHAFT
the Figure 9, the maximum equivalent (von-Mises)
stress on the shaft is 46.177MPa and minimum
ANSYS is a finite element analysis tool, which include
equivalent (von-Mises) stress is 0.44246MPa.
static/dynamic structural analysis (both linear and non-
linear). This computer simulation product provides the
finite elements to model behavior, and supports material
models and equation solvers for a wide range of
mechanical design problems. Rotating shaft design is
drawn by SolidWorks software as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 9. Effective Stress in Rotating Shaft Using Mild

Steel
Figure 6. Geometry of Shaft
According to the Figure 10, the maximum equivalent
elastic strain on the shaft is 2.2506e-4 and minimum
equivalent elastic strain is 2.3238e-6 .

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Figure 12 shows the shaping of cutting disc which is

used for slicing of potatoes.

(ii)Main Frame
After the shaping process, the next is the construction of
main frame for research and it is as followed:

Figure 10. Effective strain in Rotating Shaft Using Mild

Steel

Table 3. Comparison Data of Effective Stress Figure 13. Main Frame

Material Von-Mises Von-Mises Percentage
Stress Stress error Figure 13 shows the main frame of automatic potato
(Theoretical) (Numerical) slicing machine.
Mild 45.61MPa 46.17MPa 2%
Steel (iii) Motor and Bearing Placing in Main Frame
After the main frame for machine have been
constructed, the placing of Motor and Bearing in the
Table 4. Comparison data of Effective Strain
main frame is to be done as followed:
Material Effective Effective Percentage
Strain Strain Error
(Theoretical) (Numerical)
Mild 1.94410-4 2.250610-6 13%
Steel

V. CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE

TESTING
Construction
Before starting the construction of potato slicing
machine, the required raw materials for design are as Figure 14. Setting of Motor and Bearing
followed
Figure 14 shows the placing of motor and bearing into
the main frame of automatic potato slicing machine.

Figure11. Raw Materials Figure 15. Belt and Pulley Placing

(i)Shaping Figures 15 shows the belt and pulley placing into the
Because they are raw materials, they cannot use main frame of automatic potato slicing machine.
immediately for research and some shaping processes
are to be done as follows; (iv) Rectangular Cutting Blade

Figure16. Rectangular Cutting Blade

Figure 16 shows rectangular cutting blades.

Figure 12. Shaping of Cutting Disc

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compared with the local market because the price is 29

(v) Potato Slicing Machine (Complete Assembly) lakhs. The performance of the machine is tested by
doing five tests and taking the average values of
capacity and efficiency. The average capacity and
efficiency of the machine from five tests are 3.72kg/min
and 83.4%. The capacity and efficiency of the machine
is good.

In the theoretical results, the von-Mises stress is

45.612MPa and effective strain is 1.944×10 -4.
According to the simulation results, the maximum von-
Mises stress is 46.177MPa and effective strain is
Figure 17. Front View with Cutting Disc and Inlet 2.2506×10-4 . The percent deviation ofvon-Mises stress
Hopper in comparison of theoretical and numerical results is 2%
and that of effective strain is 13%.
Figure 17 shows view of automatic potato slicing
machine. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Performance Test The first author wishes to acknowledge her deepest

Table 4 describes results data of five performance tests gratitude to her parents, to her first batch CoE student
of automatic potato slicing machine. Maung Chan Myae Aung and her relatives and friends
to carry out this research.
Table 4. Result Data of Performance Test
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