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Ce 2211 - Lecture 3-Lesson 1

The document discusses centrifugal pumps, including their history, definition, working principle, types classified by working head, casing, specific speed, liquid handled, shaft disposition, number of impellers and entrances, and flow direction through the impeller. It also examines the main parts of centrifugal pumps including the impeller, casing variants, suction and delivery pipes. Multistage centrifugal pumps are described as having multiple impellers to produce higher heads or discharge larger volumes.

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GERARD HAULE
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33 views

Ce 2211 - Lecture 3-Lesson 1

The document discusses centrifugal pumps, including their history, definition, working principle, types classified by working head, casing, specific speed, liquid handled, shaft disposition, number of impellers and entrances, and flow direction through the impeller. It also examines the main parts of centrifugal pumps including the impeller, casing variants, suction and delivery pipes. Multistage centrifugal pumps are described as having multiple impellers to produce higher heads or discharge larger volumes.

Uploaded by

GERARD HAULE
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

LECTURE 3

PUMPS
WELCOME TO LESSON 1

Centrifugal Pump

 Centrifugal Pump is one of the most common types of pumps used


today’s world.
 This was invented by Denis Papin in the 17th century, a French inventor.
 It is a radial outward flow machine used to move liquids through a piping
system.

Image: Centrifugal Pump


 It acts as a reverse of an inward radial flow reaction turbine.
 It converts mechanical energy from a motor to energy of moving fluid.
Then some of the energy goes into kinetic energy of fluid motion and some
into potential energy.
 It’s represented a fluid pressure or by lifting the fluid against gravity
to a higher level.

Definition of Centrifugal Pump

 Centrifugal Pump is hydraulic machine which converts the mechanical


energy into pressure energy by means of centrifugal force acting on the
fluid.

Working Principle

 It chips away at the standard of constrained vertex stream. It means that


when a certain amount of mass of fluid is allowed to rotate by an
external torque, then pressure head may be raised by

ω² r² / 2g

 It means that the rise in pressure head of the rotating liquid is directly
proportional to the square of the tangential velocity of the rotating liquid
at any point.
Types of Centrifugal Pump

 It is classified as per following criteria: –


1. Working head
2. Types of casing
3. Specific speed
4. Liquid handled
5. Disposition of shaft
6. Number of impellers per shaft
7. Number of entrances to the Impeller
8. Relative direction of flow through Impeller

1. Working head

 It is the head at which water is delivered to the pump.


 According to the range of working head, pump may divide into three
categories: -

i. Low lift centrifugal pump

ii. Medium lift centrifugal pump

iii. High lift centrifugal pump

i. Low lift centrifugal pumps

o This type of centrifugal pumps means to work against head up to 15m.


o Impeller is surrounded by a volute casing without providing guide vanes.
ii. Medium lift centrifugal pump

o This uses for head up to 40m and provides with guide vanes.

iii. High lift centrifugal pump

o This is used to delivered water at head 40m.


o These types of centrifugal pumps are generally multistage pumps.

2. Types of Casing

 The casing is of two types and pump is named after the casing it uses.

i. Volute pump

ii. Turbine pump or Diffusion pump

i. Volute pump

o Volute is of a spiral form and the cross -sectional area of the moving stream
gradually increases towards the delivery pipe.

ii. Turbine pump or Diffusion pump

o In these types, impeller is surrounded by a guide wheel consists of a


number of stationary vanes or diffuser with cross -section gradually
enlarging towards periphery.
o Generally, this arrangement employs in multistage pumps.

o Water emerging from the impeller flows past the guide vanes and as the
cross -section across flow increases, velocity falls and pressure is built
up.

3. Specific speed

 It is defined as the speed of a geometrically similar pump which would


deliver one cubic meter of liquid per second against a head of one
meter.
 It is denoted by Ns.
 Specific speed of pump may be given as,

Ns = (N √Q / H¾)

Q = Discharge (m³)

H = Delivery Head (m)

4. Liquid handled

 Depending on the type and viscosity of liquid to be pumped, the pump


may be closed or open impeller.

5. Disposition of shaft

 The shaft may be disposes horizontally or vertically.


 Generally, centrifugal pumps are designed with horizontal shafts.

6. Number of impellers per shaft

 According to this, pumps can be classified as: -

i. Single stage centrifugal pump

ii. Multistage centrifugal pump

i. Single stage centrifugal pump

 It has one impeller provided on the shaft.

ii. Multistage centrifugal pump

 It has two or more impellers provide on one shaft.

Function of Multistage centrifugal pump

o To produce a high head.


o To discharge a large quantity of liquid.
Advantages of Multistage pumps

o Less loss due to friction.


o Small slip leakage.
o Reduced stresses.
o By proper arrangement of impellers, a thrust can eliminates.

Difference between single stage and Multistage centrifugal pump

S.NO. Single Stage Multistage


1. More frictional losses. Less frictional losses.
2. Larger axial thrust. Less axial thrust.
3. More slip leakage. Less slip leakage.
4. More stresses. Less stresses.
5. Low head. High head

7. Number of entrances to the impeller

 In this type of pump, there is single entry or double entry of liquid provides
on the side of impeller by means of suction pump.

8. Relative direction of flow through impeller

 According to this, pump can be classified as: -

i. Radial flow pump

ii. Mixed flow pump

iii. Axial flow pump


i. Radial flow pump

o For the most part, all divergent siphons are made with outspread stream
impellers.

ii. Mixed flow pump

o It is the modification of radial flow type and able to handle the large quantity
of water.
o Flow through the impeller is combination of radial and mixed flow.

iii. Axial flow pump

o This type of pump is merely calling as centrifugal pump because


centrifugal force is not use for generation of pressure.
Parts of a centrifugal pump

Image 1: Main parts of centrifugal pump


 The main parts of a centrifugal pumps are:

1. Impeller

2. Casing

a. Volute casing

b. Vortex casing

c. Casing with guide blades


3. Suction pipe

4. Delivery pipe

1. Impeller

 It is a type of wheel with a series of backward curved vanes.


 This is the main unit of pump which rotates the liquid by externally
provided torque by motor.
 On the impeller curve vanes are attached. The shape of vane or blade may
be of following three types:

a. Backward vane

b. Forward vane
c. Radial vane

Energy transfer by impeller


The energy transfer is given by Euler Turbine equation applied to work absorbing
machines,

The velocity diagrams at inlet and outlet of a backward curved vaned impeller are
shown in figure below. The inlet whirl is generally zero. There are no guide vanes
at inlet to impart whirl. So, the inlet triangle is right angled.
END OF LESSON 1
THANK YOU

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