Unit 4 - Transistor
Unit 4 - Transistor
TRANSISTORS
What is a Transistor?
• A Transistor is an electronic device composed of
layers of a semiconductor material which
regulates current or voltage flow and acts as a
switch or gate for electronic circuit.
• A transistor basically acts as a switch and an
amplifier.
• A transistor is a miniature device that is used to
control or regulate the flow of electronic signals.
• Transistor is a three terminal device and a small
current / voltage at one terminal (or lead) will
control a large flow of current between the other
two terminals (leads).
TRANSISTOR
• The transistor is a semiconductor device which
transfers a weak signal from low resistance
circuit to high resistance circuit.
• The words trans mean transfer
property and istor means resistance property
offered to the junctions.
• Bipolar Transistors are "CURRENT" Amplifying
or current regulating devices that control the
amount of current flowing through them in
proportion to the amount of biasing current
applied to their base terminal
TRANSISTOR
• A transistor is a semiconductor device used
to amplify or switch electronic signals
and electrical power.
• Transistors are one of the basic building blocks
of modern electronics.
• It is composed of semiconductor material usually
with at least three terminals for connection to an
external circuit.
• A transistor consists of two PN diodes
connected back to back.
TRANSISTOR
History of the Transistor
• P-N Junction
Russell Ohl 1939
• First Transistor
Bell Labs 1947
Shockley, Brattain, and Bardeen
• First Solid State Transistor - 1951
Applications
• Switching
• Amplification
• Oscillating Circuits
• Sensors
Parts of a Transistor
• A typical transistor is composed of three layers
of semiconductor materials or more specifically
terminals which helps to make a connection to
an external circuit and carry the current.
• A voltage or current that is applied to anyone
pair of the terminals of a transistor controls the
current through the other pair of terminals.
Parts of a Transistor
• There are three terminals for a transistor.
• Base
• Collector
• Emitter
Parts of a Transistor
• Emitter – It is moderately sized and
heavily doped.
• Base – This segment is at the center of
the transistor. It is thin and lightly doped.
• Collector – It is larger than the emitter
and is moderately doped.
Transistor
Types of transistor
BJT and FET
• A bipolar junction transistor, BJT, gains its name
from the fact that it uses both holes and
electrons(majority and minority charge carriers)
in its operation.
• BJT, has two PN diode junctions which are back
to back.
• In field-effect transistor (FET) only majority
charge carries flows. So Field effect transistors
are unipolar devices
BJT and FET
• The basic difference between BJT and FET is
that the bipolar junction transistor is the bipolar
and current control device
• While FET (field effect transistor) is the
unijunction transistor.
• It is a voltage control device.
Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
• Junction Transistors are generally called as
Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT).
• The term ‘Bipolar’ means both electrons and
holes are required for conducting current and
the term ‘Junction’ means it contain PN Junction
(two junctions).
• The BJTs have three terminals named Emitter
(E), Base (B) and Collector (C).
• The BJT transistors are classified in to NPN and
PNP transistors depending on the construction.
NPN Transistor
• In this transistor, one p-type material that is
present between two n-type materials.
• N-P-N transistor is basically used to amplify
weak signals to strong signals.
• In NPN transistor, the electrons move from the
emitter to collector region resulting in the
formation of current in the transistor.
• This transistor is widely used in the circuit.
NPN Transistor
PNP Transistor
• It is a type of BJT where one n-type material is
placed between two p-type materials.
• In such a configuration, the device will control
the flow of current.
• PNP transistor consists of 2 diodes which are
connected in series.
• The right side and left side of the diodes are
known as the collector-base diode and emitter-
base diode respectively.
P-N-P Transistor
Transistor Symbol