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Iot Forum v0 Sanitized

Original file can be found here: http://6lowpan.net/2011/11/24/coap-and-the-web-of-things/ Author: Carsten Bormann

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217 views21 pages

Iot Forum v0 Sanitized

Original file can be found here: http://6lowpan.net/2011/11/24/coap-and-the-web-of-things/ Author: Carsten Bormann

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cjwang
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CoAP: Scaling the Web to billions of nodes

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Carsten Bormann, Universitt Bremen TZI IETF 6LoWPAN WG and CoRE WG Co-Chair
IoT International Forum Launch, 2011-11-24 Berlin

Things have always been on the Internet


What we are trying now is

a massive attempt at scaling:


Scaling down the (total) cost of a connected node Scaling up the total number of connected nodes

For which applications did the Internet first scale massively?


Remote Login E-Mail NetNews The Web

The elements of success of the Web


HTML
uniform representation of documents (now moving forward to HTML5 with CSS, JavaScript)

URIs
uniform referents to data and services on the Web

HTTP
universal transfer protocol enables a distribution system of proxies and reverse proxies

Ne M2 w d pre M s ata HTML se em form uniform representation of documents nta an a tic ts: (now moving forward to HTML5 with CSS, JavaScript)tio n s s in URIs em ste an ad uniform referents to data and services on the Web tic of s HTTP
universal transfer protocol enables a distribution system of proxies and reverse proxies

Translating this to M2M

Constrained node/networks
Internet of Things Low-Power/Lossy IP Smart Objects IoT LLN IPSO Internet-Connected Objects ICO

Constrained nodes
Node: a few MHz, ~10 KiB RAM, ~100 KiB Flash/ROM Often battery operated must sleep a lot

(mW (1.0(99.9 %)) = W!)

Moores law will fix it? Moores law will be used mostly

to make things cheaper, more energy efficient!

Constrained nodes: orders of magnitude

10/100 vs. 50/250


There is not just a single class of constrained node Class 0: too small to securely run on the Internet
too constrained

Class 1: ~10 KiB data, ~100 KiB code


quite constrained, 10/100

Class 2: ~50 KiB data, ~250 KiB code


not so constrained, 50/250

These classes are not clear-cut, but may structure the discussion and help avoid talking at cross-purposes
http://6lowapp.net
core@IETF80, 2011-03-28 8

Constrained networks
Node: ... must sleep a lot (W!)
vs. always on

Network: ~100 kbit/s, high loss,

high link variability May be used in an unstable radio environment Physical layer packet size may be limited (~100 bytes)
LLN low power, lossy network
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Constrained Node/Networks Compressed HTTP?


Saves some bytes Retains all the complexity
lots of historical baggage still needs TCP below

Adds the CPU requirements for compression Limited gain


compression only takes you so far

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Make things
as simple as possible, but not simpler.
Attributed to Albert Einstein

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The Constrained Application Protocol


implements HTTPs REST model

CoAP

GET, PUT, DELETE, POST; media type model

while avoiding most of the complexities of HTTP Simple protocol, datagram only (UDP, DTLS) 4-byte header, compact yet simple options encoding adds observe, a lean notification architecture

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CoAP Examples
GET coap://temp1.25b006.floor1.example.com/temperature
ASCII string: 22.5 could use JSON, e.g. as in draft-jennings-senml-07.txt

PUT coap://blue-lights.bu036.floor1.example.com/intensity
ASCII string: 70 %

GET coap://25b006.floor1.example.com/.well-known/core
</temp>;n="TemperatureC",</light>;ct=41;n="LightLux" see draft-ietf-core-link-format-09.txt

More in draft-vanderstok-core-bc-05.txt

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Example Interchange
Option

C: CON + GET coap://server/resource


0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 1 | 0 | 2 | GET = 1 | MID=1234 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | +5 =5 | 6 | "server" (6 Bytes) ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | +4 =9 | 8 | "resource" (8 Bytes) ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Payload

S: ACK, ct=text/plain, payload: Hello World


0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 1 | 2 | 1 | S_OK = 2.00 | MID=1234 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | +1 =1 | 1 | 0 | Content-Type = 0 (text/plain) +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | "Hello World" (11 Bytes) ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

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Combining CoAP and HTTP


CoAP is used

in constrained environment CoAP and HTTP share proxy model based on REST Enables standard, applicationindependent proxy

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Proxying and caching

Source: 6lowpan.net

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Constrained!RESTful!Environments (CoRE) Working Group Drafts: Constrained Application Protocol Observing Resources in CoAP Blockwise Transfers in CoAP CoRE Link Format draft-ietf-core-coap draft-ietf-core-observe draft-ietf-core-block draft-ietf-core-link-format
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Self-Describing Nodes: Discovery via CoRE Link Format

! REQ: GET /.well-known/core RES: 2.05 Content </sensors>;ct=40;rt="index";rt="Sensor Index", </sensors/temp>;rt="TemperatureC";if="sensor", </sensors/light>;ct=41;rt="LightLux";if="sensor", <http://www.example.com/sensors/t123>;anchor="/sensors/temp" ;rel="describedby", </t>;anchor="/sensors/temp";rel="alternate" 18

CoAP: Industry uptake


Tens of implemen-

IoT CoAP Plugtests


24 25 March 2012, Paris Registra on Deadline: 9 March 2012 Website: h p://www.etsi.org/plugtests

22.5C
/temperature SERVER
GET/temperature 200 OK applica on/text 22.5C

tations show up to interop events

ETSI Plugtests, the IPSO Alliance and the FP7 Probe IT project are pleased to invite you to par cipate in the rst Internet of Things CoAP Plugtest, taking place from 24 25th March 2011 in Paris, France. The event is co located with the 83rd IETF held March 26 30th.

including a number of open-source projects: libcoap (generic C and TinyOS), Erbium (Contiki), Copper (GUI) ETSI will hold a formal interop on March 24/25, 2012, in Paris

CLIENT

ZigBee/HomePlug Smart Energy Profile 2.0 is using HTTP

and considering adding CoAP CoAP is integral part of ETSI M2M TS 102 921
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The Web of Things

CoRE Web Linking JOSE TLS SenML HOMENET LWIG

Work together

Developers

Scaling to billions of nodes Carsten Bormann 2011-11-24


Disclaimer: Nobody speaks for the IETF

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