Gear Design Equations and Formula | Circular Pitches and Equivalent D... https://www.engineersedge.com/gear_formula.

htm

Gear Design Equations and Formula | Circular Pitches and Equivalent Diametral Pitches
Table

Gear Design and Selection Application

Resources:

Involute Spline and Serration Universal Design Calculator

Gear Spur Tooth Strength Equation and Calculator
Helical Gear and Pinion Equations and Calculator
Three Gears Ratios, Force Equations and Calculator
Automotive Transmission Gear Ratio Equation and Calculator
Screw Worm Gear Axial Force and Thrust Calculator
Gear Motor Transmission Inertia Drive Calculator

Spur Gear design formula for geometry, pitch, tooth clearance and critical functional data.
(Inch Units Applicable for Constants)

Spur Gear Design Calculator

Where:
φ = Pressure Angle
a = Addendum
aG = Addendum of Gear
aP = Addendum of Pinion
b = Dedendum
c = Clearance
C = Center Distance
D = Pitch Diameter
DG = Pitch Diameter of Gear
DP = Pitch Diameter of Pinion
DB = Base Circle Diameter
DO = Outside Diameter
DR = Root Diameter
F = Face Width
hk = Working Depth of Tooth
ht = Whole Depth of Tooth
mG = Gear Ratio
N = Number of Teeth
NG = Number of Teeth in Gear
NP = Number of Teeth in Pinion
p = Circular Pitch
P=Diametral Pitch

Equations for Standards Spur Gears

To Find Equation
Base Circle Pitch DB = D cosφ
p = ( π D )/ N
Circular Pitch
p=π/P
C = Np (mG + 1) / 2P
C = ( D p + DG ) / 2
Center Distance C = ( NG + Np ) / 2P
C = (NG + Np) p / 2P
C = (NG + Np) p / 6.2832

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P=π/p
Diametral Pitch P=N/D
P = [ Np ( mG + 1) ] / 2C
Gear Ratio mG = NG / Np
N=PD
Number of Teeth
N=(πD)/p
Outside Diameter DO = ( N + 2 ) / P
(Full Depth Teeth) DO = [ ( N + 2 ) p ] / π
Outside Diameter D = ( N + 1.6 ) / P
O
(American Standard
DO = [ ( N + 1.6 ) p ] / π
Stub Teeth)
Outside Diameter DO = D + 2a
D=N/P
Pitch Diameter
D = (N p ) / π
Root Diameter DR = D - 2b
Whole Depth a+b
Working Depth aG + ap

Formulas for Tooth Parts, 20-and 25-degree Involute Full-depth Teeth

ANSI Coarse Pitch Spur Gear Tooth Forms ANSI B6.1

Diametral Pitch, Circular Pitch,

To Calculate
P, Known p, Known
Addendum a = 1.000 / P a = 0.3183 × p
Dedendum (Preferred) b = 1.250 / P b = 0.3979 × p
(Shaved or Ground Teeth)a b = 1.350 / P b = 0.4297 × p
Working Depth hk = 2.000 / P hk = 0.6366 × p
Whole Depth (Preferred) ht = 2.250 / P ht = 0.7162 × p
(Shaved or Ground Teeth) ht = 2.350 / P ht = 0.7480 × p
Clearance (Preferred)b c = 0.250 / P c = 0.0796 × p
(Shaved or Ground Teeth) c = 0.350 / P c = 0.1114 × p
Fillet Radius (Rack)c rf = 0.300 / P rf = 0.0955 × p
Pitch Diameter D=N/P D = 0.3183 × Np
Outside Diameter DO = (N + 2) / P DO = 0.3183 × (N + 2) p
Root Diameter (Preferred) DR = (N − 2.5) / P DR = 0.3183 × (N − 2.5) p
Root Diameter
D = (N − 2.7) / P DR = 0.3183 × (N − 2.7) p
(Shaved or Ground Teeth) R
Circular Thickness Basic t = 1.5708 / P t=p/2

Equations Tooth Parts, 20-and 25-degree Involute Full-depth Teeth ANSI Coarse Pitch Spur Gear Tooth Forms ANSI B6.1

Spur Gear Design Calculator

a When gears are preshave cut on a gear shaper the dedendum will usually need to be increased to 1.40/P to allow for the higher fillet trochoid produced by the shaper
cutter. This is of particular importance on gears of few teeth or if the gear blank configuration requires the use of a small diameter shaper cutter, in which case the
dedendum may need to be increased to as much as 1.45/P. This should be avoided on highly loaded gears where the consequently reduced J factor will increase gear
tooth stress excessively.
b A minimum clearance of 0.157/P may be used for the basic 20-degree and 25-degree pressure angle rack in the case of shallow root sections and use of existing hobs
or cutters.
c The fillet radius of the basic rack should not exceed 0.235/P for a 20-degree pressure angle rack or 0.270/P for a 25-degree pressure angle rack for a clearance of
0.157/P. The basic rack fillet radius must be reduced for teeth with a 25-degree pressure angle having a clearance in excess of 0.250/P.

Helical Gear

Calculate When Defined Formula

Transverse D.P.(P) and
Normal D.P. (Pn) Pn= P / cos A
the Helix Angle (A)
Number of teeth (N) and
Normal D.P. (Pn) Pn= N / (D X cos A)
the Helix Angle (A)
Number of teeth (N), the Normal Diametral Pitch
Pitch Diameter (D) D = N / (Pn X cos A)
and the Helix Angle (A)
Outside Diameter (OD) Pitch Diameter (D) and the Addendum (a) OD = D + (2 X a)
Normal Diametral Pitch (P) and
Outside Diameter (OD) OD = D + 2/Pn
the Pitch Diameter (D)
Number of Teeth (N), Pitch Diameter (D) and
Helix Angle (A) for Parallel Shaft Drive Cos A = N / (Pn X D)
the Diametral Pitch (P)
Addendum (a) Normal Diametral Pitch (Pn) a = 1 / Pn
Lead (L) Pitch Diameter (D) and Pitch Helix Angle L = (pi*D) / Tan

Circular Pitches and Equivalent Diametral Pitches Table

Arc Thickness Working Depth Dedendum or Depth Whole Depth

Circular Pitch Diametral Pitch Module Addendum
of Tooth on Pitch Line of Tooth of Space Below Pitch Line of Tooth

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4 0.7854 32.3402 2.0000 1.2732 2.5464 1.4732 2.7464

3 - 1/2 0.8976 28.2581 1.7500 1.1140 2.2281 1.2890 2.4031
3 1.0472 24.2552 1.5000 0.9549 1.9098 1.1049 2.0598
2 - 3/4 1.1424 22.2339 1.3750 0.8753 1.7506 1.0128 1.8881
2 - 1/2 1.2566 20.2117 1.2500 0.7957 1.5915 0.9207 1.7165
2 - 1/4 1.3963 18.1913 1.1250 0.7162 1.4323 0.8287 1.5448
2 1.5708 16.1701 1.0000 0.6366 1.2732 0.7366 1.3732
1 - 7/8 1.6755 15.1595 0.9375 0.5968 1.1937 0.6906 1.2874
1 - 3/4 1.7952 14.1488 0.8750 0.5570 1.1141 0.6445 1.2016
1 - 5/8 1.9333 13.1382 0.8125 0.5173 1.0345 0.5985 1.1158
1 - 1/2 2.0944 12.1276 0.7500 0.4775 0.9549 0.5525 1.0299
1 - 7/16 2.1855 11.6223 0.7187 0.4576 0.9151 0.5294 0.9870
1 - 3/8 2.2848 11.1169 0.6875 0.4377 0.8754 0.5064 0.9441
1 - 5/16 2.3936 10.6116 0.6562 0.4178 0.8356 0.4834 0.9012
1 - 1/4 2.5133 10.1062 0.6250 0.3979 0.7958 0.4604 0.8583
1 - 3/16 2.6456 9.6010 0.5937 0.3780 0.7560 0.4374 0.8154
1 - 1/8 2.7925 9.0958 0.5625 0.3581 0.7162 0.4143 0.7724
1 - 1/16 2.9568 8.5904 0.5312 0.3382 0.6764 0.3913 0.7295
1 3.1416 8.0851 0.5000 0.3183 0.6366 0.3683 0.6866
15/16 3.3510 7.5798 0.4687 0.2984 0.5968 0.3453 0.6437
7/8 3.5904 7.0744 0.4375 0.2785 0.5570 0.3223 0.6007
13/16 3.8666 6.5692 0.4062 0.2586 0.5173 0.2993 0.5579
3/4 4.1888 6.0639 0.3750 0.2387 0.4775 0.2762 0.5150
11/16 4.5696 5.5586 0.3437 0.2189 0.4377 0.2532 0.4720
2/3 4.7124 5.3903 0.3333 0.2122 0.4244 0.2455 0.4577
5/8 5.0265 5.0532 0.3125 0.1989 0.3979 0.2301 0.4291
9/16 5.5851 4.5479 0.2812 0.1790 0.3581 0.2071 0.3862
1/2 6.2832 4.0426 0.2500 0.1592 0.3183 0.1842 0.3433
7/16 7.1808 3.5373 0.2187 0.1393 0.2785 0.1611 0.3003
2/5 7.8540 3.2340 0.2000 0.1273 0.2546 0.1473 0.2746
3/8 8.3776 3.0319 0.1875 0.1194 0.2387 0.1381 0.2575
1/3 9.4248 2.6947 0.1666 0.1061 0.2122 0.1228 0.2289
5/16 10.0531 2.5266 0.1562 0.0995 0.1989 0.1151 0.2146
2/7 10.9956 2.3100 0.1429 0.0909 0.1819 0.1052 0.1962
1/4 12.5664 2.0213 0.1250 0.0796 0.1591 0.0921 0.1716
2/9 14.1372 1.7967 0.1111 0.0707 0.1415 0.0818 0.1526
1/5 15.7080 1.6170 0.1000 0.0637 0.1273 0.0737 0.1373
3/16 16.7552 1.5160 0.0937 0.0597 0.1194 0.0690 0.1287
1/6 18.8496 .5053 0.0833 0.0531 0.1061 0.0614 0.1144

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